Fix discovery of nvidia-fs devices in non-privileged containers

The /dev/nvidia-fs* device nodes for GDS are not greated at the
driver root when running a containerized driver and are always
created in /.

This change updates the search path for these device nodes so that
non-privilged containers also have the device nodes injected.

Signed-off-by: Evan Lezar <elezar@nvidia.com>

.common-ci.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ default:
 
 variables:
   GIT_SUBMODULE_STRATEGY: recursive
-  BUILDIMAGE: "${CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE}/build:${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}"
   BUILD_MULTI_ARCH_IMAGES: "true"
 
 stages:
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ stages:
   - test
   - scan
   - release
+  - sign
 
 .pipeline-trigger-rules:
   rules:
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ trigger-pipeline:
     - docker login -u "${CI_REGISTRY_USER}" -p "${CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD}" "${CI_REGISTRY}"
     - docker pull "${IMAGE_NAME}:${VERSION}-${DIST}"
   script:
-    - make -f build/container/Makefile test-${DIST}
+    - make -f deployments/container/Makefile test-${DIST}
 
 # Define the test targets
 test-packaging:
@@ -178,13 +178,10 @@ test-packaging:
     OUT_IMAGE_VERSION: "${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}"
   before_script:
     - !reference [.regctl-setup, before_script]
-
+    # We ensure that the components of the output image are set:
-    # We ensure that the OUT_IMAGE_VERSION is set
+    - 'echo Image Name: ${OUT_IMAGE_NAME} ; [[ -n "${OUT_IMAGE_NAME}" ]] || exit 1'
     - 'echo Version: ${OUT_IMAGE_VERSION} ; [[ -n "${OUT_IMAGE_VERSION}" ]] || exit 1'
 
-    # In the case where we are deploying a different version to the CI_COMMIT_SHA, we
-    # need to tag the image.
-    # Note: a leading 'v' is stripped from the version if present
     - apk add --no-cache make bash
   script:
     # Log in to the "output" registry, tag the image and push the image
@@ -195,7 +192,7 @@ test-packaging:
 
     # Since OUT_IMAGE_NAME and OUT_IMAGE_VERSION are set, this will push the CI image to the
     # Target
-    - make -f build/container/Makefile push-${DIST}
+    - make -f deployments/container/Makefile push-${DIST}
 
 # Define a staging release step that pushes an image to an internal "staging" repository
 # This is triggered for all pipelines (i.e. not only tags) to test the pipeline steps
@@ -204,10 +201,10 @@ test-packaging:
   extends:
     - .release
   variables:
-    OUT_REGISTRY_USER: "${CI_REGISTRY_USER}"
+    OUT_REGISTRY_USER: "${NGC_REGISTRY_USER}"
-    OUT_REGISTRY_TOKEN: "${CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD}"
+    OUT_REGISTRY_TOKEN: "${NGC_REGISTRY_TOKEN}"
-    OUT_REGISTRY: "${CI_REGISTRY}"
+    OUT_REGISTRY: "${NGC_REGISTRY}"
-    OUT_IMAGE_NAME: "${CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE}/staging/container-toolkit"
+    OUT_IMAGE_NAME: "${NGC_REGISTRY_STAGING_IMAGE_NAME}"
 
 # Define an external release step that pushes an image to an external repository.
 # This includes a devlopment image off main.
@@ -225,13 +222,6 @@ test-packaging:
         OUT_IMAGE_VERSION: "${DEVEL_RELEASE_IMAGE_VERSION}"
 
 # Define the release jobs
-release:staging-centos7:
-  extends:
-    - .release:staging
-    - .dist-centos7
-  needs:
-    - image-centos7
-
 release:staging-ubi8:
   extends:
     - .release:staging

.github/copy-pr-bot.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# https://docs.gha-runners.nvidia.com/apps/copy-pr-bot/#configuration
+
+enabled: true

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
+# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+# main branch
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    target-branch: main
+    directories:
+    - "/"
+    - "deployments/devel"
+    - "tests"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+    groups:
+      k8sio:
+        patterns:
+        - k8s.io/*
+        exclude-patterns:
+        - k8s.io/klog/*
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "docker"
+    target-branch: main
+    directories:
+    # CUDA image
+    - "/deployments/container"
+    # Golang version
+    - "/deployments/devel"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    target-branch: main
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+
+  # Allow dependabot to update the libnvidia-container submodule.
+  - package-ecosystem: "gitsubmodule"
+    target-branch: main
+    directory: "/"
+    allow:
+    - dependency-name: "third_party/libnvidia-container"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+    - libnvidia-container
+
+# The release branch(es):
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    target-branch: release-1.17
+    directories:
+    - "/"
+    # We don't update development or test dependencies on release branches
+    # - "deployments/devel"
+    # - "tests"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "sunday"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+    - maintenance
+    ignore:
+    # For release branches we only consider patch updates.
+    - dependency-name: "*"
+      update-types:
+      - version-update:semver-major
+      - version-update:semver-minor
+    groups:
+      k8sio:
+        patterns:
+        - k8s.io/*
+        exclude-patterns:
+        - k8s.io/klog/*
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "docker"
+    target-branch: release-1.17
+    directories:
+    # CUDA image
+    - "/deployments/container"
+    # Golang version
+    - "/deployments/devel"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "sunday"
+    ignore:
+    # For release branches we only apply patch updates to the golang version.
+    - dependency-name: "*golang*"
+      update-types:
+      - version-update:semver-major
+      - version-update:semver-minor
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+    - maintenance
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    target-branch: release-1.17
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "sunday"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+    - maintenance
+
+  # Github actions need to be gh-pages branches.
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    target-branch: gh-pages
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies

.github/workflows/blossom-ci.yml

@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2020-2023, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# A workflow to trigger ci on hybrid infra (github + self hosted runner)
-name: Blossom-CI
-on:
-  issue_comment:
-    types: [created]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-      inputs:
-          platform:
-            description: 'runs-on argument'     
-            required: false
-          args:
-            description: 'argument'     
-            required: false
-jobs:
-  Authorization:
-    name: Authorization
-    runs-on: blossom 
-    outputs:
-      args: ${{ env.args }}
-     
-    # This job only runs for pull request comments
-    if: |
-         contains( '\
-         anstockatnv,\
-         rorajani,\
-         cdesiniotis,\
-         shivamerla,\
-         ArangoGutierrez,\
-         elezar,\
-         klueska,\
-         zvonkok,\
-         ', format('{0},', github.actor)) && 
-         github.event.comment.body == '/blossom-ci'  
-    steps:
-      - name: Check if comment is issued by authorized person
-        run: blossom-ci
-        env:
-          OPERATION: 'AUTH'
-          REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          REPO_KEY_DATA: ${{ secrets.BLOSSOM_KEY }}
-      
-  Vulnerability-scan:
-    name: Vulnerability scan
-    needs: [Authorization]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          repository: ${{ fromJson(needs.Authorization.outputs.args).repo }}
-          ref: ${{ fromJson(needs.Authorization.outputs.args).ref }}
-          lfs: 'true'
-      
-      # repo specific steps 
-      #- name: Setup java
-      #  uses: actions/setup-java@v1
-      #  with:
-      #    java-version: 1.8
-      
-      # add blackduck properties https://synopsys.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/INTDOCS/pages/631308372/Methods+for+Configuring+Analysis#Using-a-configuration-file
-      #- name: Setup blackduck properties
-      #  run: |
-      #       PROJECTS=$(mvn -am dependency:tree | grep maven-dependency-plugin | awk '{ out="com.nvidia:"$(NF-1);print out }' | grep rapids | xargs | sed -e 's/ /,/g')
-      #       echo detect.maven.build.command="-pl=$PROJECTS -am" >> application.properties
-      #       echo detect.maven.included.scopes=compile >> application.properties
-          
-      - name: Run blossom action
-        uses: NVIDIA/blossom-action@main
-        env:
-          REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          REPO_KEY_DATA: ${{ secrets.BLOSSOM_KEY }}
-        with:
-          args1: ${{ fromJson(needs.Authorization.outputs.args).args1 }}
-          args2: ${{ fromJson(needs.Authorization.outputs.args).args2 }}
-          args3: ${{ fromJson(needs.Authorization.outputs.args).args3 }}
-          
-  Job-trigger:
-    name: Start ci job
-    needs: [Vulnerability-scan]
-    runs-on: blossom
-    steps:
-      - name: Start ci job
-        run: blossom-ci
-        env:
-          OPERATION: 'START-CI-JOB'
-          CI_SERVER: ${{ secrets.CI_SERVER }}
-          REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-              
-  Upload-Log:
-    name: Upload log
-    runs-on: blossom
-    if : github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
-    steps:
-      - name: Jenkins log for pull request ${{ fromJson(github.event.inputs.args).pr }} (click here)
-        run: blossom-ci
-        env:
-          OPERATION: 'POST-PROCESSING'
-          CI_SERVER: ${{ secrets.CI_SERVER }}
-          REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Copyright 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: CI Pipeline
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "pull-request/[0-9]+"
+      - main
+      - release-*
+
+jobs:
+  code-scanning:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/code_scanning.yaml
+
+  variables:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate Commit Short SHA
+        id: version
+        run: echo "version=$(echo $GITHUB_SHA | cut -c1-8)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  golang:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/golang.yaml
+
+  image:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/image.yaml
+    needs: [variables, golang, code-scanning]
+    secrets: inherit
+    with:
+      version: ${{ needs.variables.outputs.version }}
+      build_multi_arch_images: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' || startsWith(github.ref_name, 'release-') }}
+
+  e2e-test:
+    needs: [image, variables]
+    secrets: inherit
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
+    with:
+      version: ${{ needs.variables.outputs.version }}

.github/workflows/code_scanning.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  workflow_call: {}
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - release-*
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze Go code with CodeQL
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 360
+    permissions:
+      security-events: write
+      packages: read
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+      with:
+        languages: go
+        build-mode: manual
+    - shell: bash
+      run: |
+        make build
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+      with:
+        category: "/language:go"

.github/workflows/e2e.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Copyright 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: End-to-end Tests
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+    secrets:
+      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
+        required: true
+      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
+        required: true
+      AWS_SSH_KEY:
+        required: true
+      E2E_SSH_USER:
+        required: true
+      SLACK_BOT_TOKEN:
+        required: true
+      SLACK_CHANNEL_ID:
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  e2e-tests:
+    runs-on: linux-amd64-cpu4
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Calculate build vars
+        id: vars
+        run: |
+          echo "COMMIT_SHORT_SHA=${GITHUB_SHA:0:8}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "LOWERCASE_REPO_OWNER=$(echo "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER}" | awk '{print tolower($0)}')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          GOLANG_VERSION=$(./hack/golang-version.sh)
+          echo "GOLANG_VERSION=${GOLANG_VERSION##GOLANG_VERSION := }" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
+
+      - name: Set up Holodeck
+        uses: NVIDIA/holodeck@v0.2.12
+        with:
+          aws_access_key_id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          aws_secret_access_key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          aws_ssh_key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SSH_KEY }}
+          holodeck_config: "tests/e2e/infra/aws.yaml"
+
+      - name: Get public dns name
+        id: holodeck_public_dns_name
+        uses: mikefarah/yq@master
+        with:
+          cmd: yq '.status.properties[] | select(.name == "public-dns-name") | .value' /github/workspace/.cache/holodeck.yaml
+
+      - name: Run e2e tests
+        env:
+          E2E_INSTALL_CTK: "true"
+          E2E_IMAGE_NAME: ghcr.io/nvidia/container-toolkit
+          E2E_IMAGE_TAG: ${{ inputs.version }}-ubuntu20.04
+          E2E_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.E2E_SSH_USER }}
+          E2E_SSH_HOST: ${{ steps.holodeck_public_dns_name.outputs.result }}
+        run: |
+          e2e_ssh_key=$(mktemp)
+          echo "${{ secrets.AWS_SSH_KEY }}" > "$e2e_ssh_key"
+          chmod 600 "$e2e_ssh_key"
+          export E2E_SSH_KEY="$e2e_ssh_key"
+
+          make -f tests/e2e/Makefile test
+
+      - name: Archive Ginkgo logs
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ginkgo-logs
+          path: ginkgo.json
+          retention-days: 15
+      - name: Send Slack alert notification
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v2.1.0
+        with:
+          method: chat.postMessage
+          token: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          payload: |
+            channel: ${{ secrets.SLACK_CHANNEL_ID }}
+            text: |
+              :x: On repository ${{ github.repository }}, the Workflow *${{ github.workflow }}* has failed.
+
+              Details: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}

.github/workflows/golang.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: Golang
+
+on:
+  workflow_call: {}
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - release-*
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      name: Checkout code
+
+    - name: Get Golang version
+      id: vars
+      run: |
+        GOLANG_VERSION=$(./hack/golang-version.sh)
+        echo "GOLANG_VERSION=${GOLANG_VERSION##GOLANG_VERSION := }" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    - name: Install Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      with:
+        go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
+
+    - name: Lint
+      uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
+      with:
+        version: latest
+        args: -v --timeout 5m
+        skip-cache: true
+
+    - name: Check golang modules
+      run: | 
+        make check-vendor
+        make -C deployments/devel check-modules
+
+  test:
+    name: Unit test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Get Golang version
+        id: vars
+        run: |
+          GOLANG_VERSION=$(./hack/golang-version.sh)
+          echo "GOLANG_VERSION=${GOLANG_VERSION##GOLANG_VERSION := }" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
+      
+      - name: Run unit tests and generate coverage report
+        run: make coverage
+
+      - name: Upload to Coveralls
+        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v2
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          file: coverage.out
+
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Get Golang version
+        id: vars
+        run: |
+          GOLANG_VERSION=$(./hack/golang-version.sh)
+          echo "GOLANG_VERSION=${GOLANG_VERSION##GOLANG_VERSION ?= }" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
+
+      - run: make build

.github/workflows/image.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Run this workflow on pull requests
+name: image
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      build_multi_arch_images:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+jobs:
+  packages:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        target:
+          - ubuntu18.04-arm64
+          - ubuntu18.04-amd64
+          - ubuntu18.04-ppc64le
+          - centos7-aarch64
+          - centos7-x86_64
+          - centos8-ppc64le
+        ispr:
+          - ${{ github.ref_name != 'main' && !startsWith( github.ref_name, 'release-' ) }}
+        exclude:
+          - ispr: true
+            target: ubuntu18.04-arm64
+          - ispr: true
+            target: ubuntu18.04-ppc64le
+          - ispr: true
+            target: centos7-aarch64
+          - ispr: true
+            target: centos8-ppc64le
+      fail-fast: false
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        name: Check out code
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        with:
+          image: tonistiigi/binfmt:master
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: build ${{ matrix.target }} packages
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get install -y coreutils build-essential sed git bash make
+          echo "Building packages"
+          ./scripts/build-packages.sh ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+      - name: 'Upload Artifacts'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          compression-level: 0
+          name: toolkit-container-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/dist/*
+
+  image:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        dist:
+          - ubuntu20.04
+          - ubi8
+          - packaging
+        ispr:
+          - ${{ github.ref_name != 'main' && !startsWith( github.ref_name, 'release-' ) }}
+        exclude:
+          - ispr: true
+            dist: ubi8
+    needs: packages
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        name: Check out code
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        with:
+          image: tonistiigi/binfmt:master
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Get built packages
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/dist/
+          pattern: toolkit-container-*-${{ github.run_id }}
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Build image
+        env:
+          IMAGE_NAME: ghcr.io/nvidia/container-toolkit
+          VERSION: ${{ inputs.version }}
+          PUSH_ON_BUILD: "true"
+          BUILD_MULTI_ARCH_IMAGES: ${{ inputs.build_multi_arch_images }}
+        run: |
+          echo "${VERSION}"
+          make -f deployments/container/Makefile build-${{ matrix.dist }}

.github/workflows/pre-sanity.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-name: Run pre sanity
-
-# run this workflow for each commit
-on: [pull_request]
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-             
-      - name: Build dev image
-        run: make .build-image
-      
-      - name: Build
-        run: make docker-build
-
-      - name: Tests
-        run: make docker-coverage
-
-      - name: Checks
-        run: make docker-check

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Run this workflow on new tags
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - v*
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        name: Check out code
+
+      - name: Prepare Artifacts
+        run: |
+          ./hack/prepare-artifacts.sh ${{ github.ref_name }}
+
+      - name: Create Draft Release
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          ./hack/create-release.sh ${{ github.ref_name }}

.gitignore

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-dist
+/dist
-artifacts
+/artifacts
 *.swp
 *.swo
 /coverage.out*
-/test/output/
+/tests/output/
-/nvidia-container-runtime
+/nvidia-*
-/nvidia-container-runtime.*
-/nvidia-container-runtime-hook
-/nvidia-container-toolkit
-/nvidia-ctk
 /shared-*
-/release-*
+/release-*
+/bin
+/toolkit-test

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -15,68 +15,6 @@
 include:
   - .common-ci.yml
 
-build-dev-image:
-  stage: image
-  script:
-    - apk --no-cache add make bash
-    - make .build-image
-    - docker login -u "${CI_REGISTRY_USER}" -p "${CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD}" "${CI_REGISTRY}"
-    - make .push-build-image
-
-.requires-build-image:
-  image: "${BUILDIMAGE}"
-
-.go-check:
-  extends:
-    - .requires-build-image
-  stage: go-checks
-
-fmt:
-  extends:
-    - .go-check
-  script:
-    - make assert-fmt
-
-vet:
-  extends:
-    - .go-check
-  script:
-    - make vet
-
-lint:
-  extends:
-    - .go-check
-  script:
-    - make lint
-  allow_failure: true
-
-ineffassign:
-  extends:
-    - .go-check
-  script:
-    - make ineffassign
-  allow_failure: true
-
-misspell:
-  extends:
-    - .go-check
-  script:
-    - make misspell
-
-go-build:
-  extends:
-    - .requires-build-image
-  stage: go-build
-  script:
-    - make build
-
-unit-tests:
-  extends:
-    - .requires-build-image
-  stage: unit-tests
-  script:
-    - make coverage
-
 # Define the package build helpers
 .multi-arch-build:
   before_script:
@@ -138,24 +76,12 @@ package-centos7-x86_64:
     - .dist-centos7
     - .arch-x86_64
 
-package-centos8-aarch64:
-  extends:
-    - .package-build
-    - .dist-centos8
-    - .arch-aarch64
-
 package-centos8-ppc64le:
   extends:
     - .package-build
     - .dist-centos8
     - .arch-ppc64le
 
-package-centos8-x86_64:
-  extends:
-    - .package-build
-    - .dist-centos8
-    - .arch-x86_64
-
 package-ubuntu18.04-amd64:
   extends:
     - .package-build
@@ -200,15 +126,7 @@ package-ubuntu18.04-ppc64le:
     - 'echo "Logging in to CI registry ${CI_REGISTRY}"'
     - docker login -u "${CI_REGISTRY_USER}" -p "${CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD}" "${CI_REGISTRY}"
   script:
-    - make -f build/container/Makefile build-${DIST}
+    - make -f deployments/container/Makefile build-${DIST}
-
-image-centos7:
-  extends:
-    - .image-build
-    - .package-artifacts
-    - .dist-centos7
-  needs:
-    - package-centos7-x86_64
 
 image-ubi8:
   extends:
@@ -238,8 +156,6 @@ image-packaging:
     - .package-artifacts
     - .dist-packaging
   needs:
-    - job: package-centos8-aarch64
-    - job: package-centos8-x86_64
     - job: package-ubuntu18.04-amd64
     - job: package-ubuntu18.04-arm64
     - job: package-amazonlinux2-aarch64
@@ -260,12 +176,6 @@ image-packaging:
       optional: true
 
 # Define publish test helpers
-.test:toolkit:
-  extends:
-    - .integration
-  variables:
-    TEST_CASES: "toolkit"
-
 .test:docker:
   extends:
     - .integration
@@ -316,4 +226,3 @@ test-docker-ubuntu20.04:
     - .dist-ubuntu20.04
   needs:
     - image-ubuntu20.04
-

.gitmodules

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 [submodule "third_party/libnvidia-container"]
 	path = third_party/libnvidia-container
-	url = https://gitlab.com/nvidia/container-toolkit/libnvidia-container.git
+	url = https://github.com/NVIDIA/libnvidia-container.git
 	branch = main

.golangci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+version: "2"
+linters:
+  enable:
+    - contextcheck
+    - gocritic
+    - gosec
+    - misspell
+    - unconvert
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    presets:
+      - comments
+      - common-false-positives
+      - legacy
+      - std-error-handling
+    rules:
+      # Exclude the gocritic dupSubExpr issue for cgo files.
+      - linters:
+          - gocritic
+        path: internal/dxcore/dxcore.go
+        text: dupSubExpr
+      # Exclude the checks for usage of returns to config.Delete(Path) in the
+      # crio and containerd config packages.
+      - linters:
+          - errcheck
+        path: pkg/config/engine/
+        text: config.Delete
+      # RENDERD refers to the Render Device and not the past tense of render.
+      - linters:
+          - misspell
+        path: .*.go
+        text: '`RENDERD` is a misspelling of `RENDERED`'
+      # The legacy hook relies on spec.Hooks.Prestart, which is deprecated as of
+      # the v1.2.0 OCI runtime spec.
+      - path: (.+)\.go$
+        text: SA1019:(.+).Prestart is deprecated(.+)
+      # TODO: We should address each of the following integer overflows.
+      - path: (.+)\.go$
+        text: 'G115: integer overflow conversion(.+)'
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+  settings:
+    goimports:
+      local-prefixes:
+        - github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$

.nvidia-ci.yml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ variables:
   # On the multi-arch builder we don't need the qemu setup.
   SKIP_QEMU_SETUP: "1"
   # Define the public staging registry
-  STAGING_REGISTRY: registry.gitlab.com/nvidia/container-toolkit/container-toolkit/staging
+  STAGING_REGISTRY: ghcr.io/nvidia
   STAGING_VERSION: ${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}
   ARTIFACTORY_REPO_BASE: "https://urm.nvidia.com/artifactory/sw-gpu-cloudnative"
   KITMAKER_RELEASE_FOLDER: "kitmaker"
@@ -67,12 +67,7 @@ variables:
       regctl manifest get ${IN_REGISTRY}/${IN_IMAGE_NAME}:${IN_VERSION}-${DIST} --list > /dev/null && echo "${IN_REGISTRY}/${IN_IMAGE_NAME}:${IN_VERSION}-${DIST}" || ( echo "${IN_REGISTRY}/${IN_IMAGE_NAME}:${IN_VERSION}-${DIST} does not exist" && sleep infinity )
   script:
     - regctl registry login "${OUT_REGISTRY}" -u "${OUT_REGISTRY_USER}" -p "${OUT_REGISTRY_TOKEN}"
-    - make -f build/container/Makefile IMAGE=${IN_REGISTRY}/${IN_IMAGE_NAME}:${IN_VERSION}-${DIST} OUT_IMAGE=${OUT_IMAGE_NAME}:${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}-${DIST} push-${DIST}
+    - make -f deployments/container/Makefile IMAGE=${IN_REGISTRY}/${IN_IMAGE_NAME}:${IN_VERSION}-${DIST} OUT_IMAGE=${OUT_IMAGE_NAME}:${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}-${DIST} push-${DIST}
-
-image-centos7:
-  extends:
-    - .dist-centos7
-    - .image-pull
 
 image-ubi8:
   extends:
@@ -132,14 +127,6 @@ image-packaging:
       - policy_evaluation.json
 
 # Define the scan targets
-scan-centos7-amd64:
-  extends:
-    - .dist-centos7
-    - .platform-amd64
-    - .scan
-  needs:
-    - image-centos7
-
 scan-ubuntu20.04-amd64:
   extends:
     - .dist-ubuntu20.04
@@ -217,23 +204,6 @@ release:packages:kitmaker:
   extends:
     - .release:packages
 
-release:archive:
-  extends:
-    - .release:external
-  needs:
-    - image-packaging
-  variables:
-    VERSION: "${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}"
-    PACKAGE_REGISTRY: "${CI_REGISTRY}"
-    PACKAGE_REGISTRY_USER: "${CI_REGISTRY_USER}"
-    PACKAGE_REGISTRY_TOKEN: "${CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD}"
-    PACKAGE_IMAGE_NAME: "${CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE}/container-toolkit"
-    PACKAGE_IMAGE_TAG: "${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}-packaging"
-    PACKAGE_ARCHIVE_ARTIFACTORY_REPO: "${ARTIFACTORY_REPO_BASE}-generic-local/${PACKAGE_ARCHIVE_RELEASE_FOLDER}"
-  script:
-    - apk add --no-cache bash git
-    - ./scripts/archive-packages.sh "${PACKAGE_ARCHIVE_ARTIFACTORY_REPO}"
-
 release:staging-ubuntu20.04:
   extends:
     - .release:staging
@@ -243,11 +213,6 @@ release:staging-ubuntu20.04:
 
 # Define the external release targets
 # Release to NGC
-release:ngc-centos7:
-  extends:
-    - .dist-centos7
-    - .release:ngc
-
 release:ngc-ubuntu20.04:
   extends:
     - .dist-ubuntu20.04
@@ -262,3 +227,62 @@ release:ngc-packaging:
   extends:
     - .dist-packaging
     - .release:ngc
+
+# Define the external image signing steps for NGC
+# Download the ngc cli binary for use in the sign steps
+.ngccli-setup:
+  before_script:
+    - apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl unzip jq
+    - |
+      if [ -z "${NGCCLI_VERSION}" ]; then
+        NGC_VERSION_URL="https://api.ngc.nvidia.com/v2/resources/nvidia/ngc-apps/ngc_cli/versions"
+        # Extract the latest version from the JSON data using jq
+        export NGCCLI_VERSION=$(curl -s $NGC_VERSION_URL | jq -r '.recipe.latestVersionIdStr')
+      fi
+      echo "NGCCLI_VERSION ${NGCCLI_VERSION}"
+    - curl -sSLo ngccli_linux.zip https://api.ngc.nvidia.com/v2/resources/nvidia/ngc-apps/ngc_cli/versions/${NGCCLI_VERSION}/files/ngccli_linux.zip
+    - unzip ngccli_linux.zip
+    - chmod u+x ngc-cli/ngc
+
+# .sign forms the base of the deployment jobs which signs images in the CI registry.
+# This is extended with the image name and version to be deployed.
+.sign:ngc:
+  image: ubuntu:latest
+  stage: sign
+  rules:
+    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG
+  variables:
+    NGC_CLI_API_KEY: "${NGC_REGISTRY_TOKEN}"
+    IMAGE_NAME: "${NGC_REGISTRY_IMAGE}"
+    IMAGE_TAG: "${CI_COMMIT_TAG}-${DIST}"
+  retry:
+    max: 2
+  before_script:
+    - !reference [.ngccli-setup, before_script]
+    # We ensure that the IMAGE_NAME and IMAGE_TAG is set
+    - 'echo Image Name: ${IMAGE_NAME} && [[ -n "${IMAGE_NAME}" ]] || exit 1'
+    - 'echo Image Tag: ${IMAGE_TAG} && [[ -n "${IMAGE_TAG}" ]] || exit 1'
+  script:
+    - 'echo "Signing the image ${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'
+    - ngc-cli/ngc registry image publish --source ${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG} ${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG} --public --discoverable --allow-guest --sign --org nvidia
+
+sign:ngc-ubuntu20.04:
+  extends:
+    - .dist-ubuntu20.04
+    - .sign:ngc
+  needs:
+    - release:ngc-ubuntu20.04
+
+sign:ngc-ubi8:
+  extends:
+    - .dist-ubi8
+    - .sign:ngc
+  needs:
+    - release:ngc-ubi8
+
+sign:ngc-packaging:
+  extends:
+    - .dist-packaging
+    - .sign:ngc
+  needs:
+    - release:ngc-packaging

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,184 @@
 # NVIDIA Container Toolkit Changelog
 
+## v1.17.4
+- Disable mounting of compat libs from container by default
+- Add allow-cuda-compat-libs-from-container feature flag
+- Skip graphics modifier in CSV mode
+- Properly pass configSearchPaths to a Driver constructor
+- Add support for containerd version 3 config
+- Add string TOML source
+
+### Changes in libnvidia-container
+- Add no-cntlibs CLI option to nvidia-container-cli
+
+### Changes in the Toolkit Container
+- Bump CUDA base image version to 12.6.3
+
+## v1.17.3
+- Only allow host-relative LDConfig paths by default.
+### Changes in libnvidia-container
+- Create virtual copy of host ldconfig binary before calling fexecve()
+
+## v1.17.2
+- Fixed a bug where legacy images would set imex channels as `all`.
+
+## v1.17.1
+- Fixed a bug where specific symlinks existing in a container image could cause a container to fail to start.
+- Fixed a bug on Tegra-based systems where a container would fail to start.
+- Fixed a bug where the default container runtime config path was not properly set.
+
+### Changes in the Toolkit Container
+- Fallback to using a config file if the current runtime config can not be determined from the command line.
+
+## v1.17.0
+- Promote v1.17.0-rc.2 to v1.17.0
+- Fix bug when using just-in-time CDI spec generation
+- Check for valid paths in create-symlinks hook
+
+## v1.17.0-rc.2
+- Fix bug in locating libcuda.so from ldcache
+- Fix bug in sorting of symlink chain
+- Remove unsupported print-ldcache command
+- Remove csv-filename support from create-symlinks
+
+### Changes in the Toolkit Container
+- Fallback to `crio-status` if `crio status` does not work when configuring the crio runtime
+
+## v1.17.0-rc.1
+- Allow IMEX channels to be requested as volume mounts
+- Fix typo in error message
+- Add disable-imex-channel-creation feature flag
+- Add -z,lazy to LDFLAGS
+- Add imex channels to management CDI spec
+- Add support to fetch current container runtime config from the command line.
+- Add creation of select driver symlinks to CDI spec generation.
+- Remove support for config overrides when configuring runtimes.
+- Skip explicit creation of libnvidia-allocator.so.1 symlink
+- Add vdpau as as a driver library search path.
+- Add support for using libnvsandboxutils to generate CDI specifications.
+
+### Changes in the Toolkit Container
+
+- Allow opt-in features to be selected when deploying the toolkit-container.
+- Bump CUDA base image version to 12.6.2
+- Remove support for config overrides when configuring runtimes.
+
+### Changes in libnvidia-container
+
+- Add no-create-imex-channels command line option.
+
+## v1.16.2
+- Exclude libnvidia-allocator from graphics mounts. This fixes a bug that leaks mounts when a container is started with bi-directional mount propagation.
+- Use empty string for default runtime-config-override. This removes a redundant warning for runtimes (e.g. Docker) where this is not applicable.
+
+### Changes in the Toolkit Container
+- Bump CUDA base image version to 12.6.0
+
+### Changes in libnvidia-container
+- Add no-gsp-firmware command line option
+- Add no-fabricmanager command line option
+- Add no-persistenced command line option
+- Skip directories and symlinks when mounting libraries.
+
+## v1.16.1
+- Fix bug with processing errors during CDI spec generation for MIG devices
+
+## v1.16.0
+- Promote v1.16.0-rc.2 to v1.16.0
+
+### Changes in the Toolkit Container
+- Bump CUDA base image version to 12.5.1
+
+## v1.16.0-rc.2
+- Use relative path to locate driver libraries
+- Add RelativeToRoot function to Driver
+- Inject additional libraries for full X11 functionality
+- Extract options from default runtime if runc does not exist
+- Avoid using map pointers as maps are always passed by reference
+- Reduce logging for the NVIDIA Container runtime
+- Fix bug in argument parsing for logger creation
+
+## v1.16.0-rc.1
+
+- Support vulkan ICD files directly in a driver root. This allows for the discovery of vulkan files in GKE driver installations.
+- Increase priority of ld.so.conf.d config file injected into container. This ensures that injected libraries are preferred over libraries present in the container.
+- Set default CDI spec permissions to 644. This fixes permission issues when using the `nvidia-ctk cdi transform` functions.
+- Add `dev-root` option to `nvidia-ctk system create-device-nodes` command.
+- Fix location of `libnvidia-ml.so.1` when a non-standard driver root is used. This enabled CDI spec generation when using the driver container on a host.
+- Recalculate minimum required CDI spec version on save.
+- Move `nvidia-ctk hook` commands to a separate `nvidia-cdi-hook` binary. The same subcommands are supported.
+- Use `:` as an `nvidia-ctk config --set` list separator. This fixes a bug when trying to set config options that are lists.
+
+- [toolkit-container] Bump CUDA base image version to 12.5.0
+- [toolkit-container] Allow the path to `toolkit.pid` to be specified directly.
+- [toolkit-container] Remove provenance information from image manifests.
+- [toolkit-container] Add `dev-root` option when configuring the toolkit. This adds support for GKE driver installations.
+
+## v1.15.0
+
+* Remove `nvidia-container-runtime` and `nvidia-docker2` packages.
+* Use `XDG_DATA_DIRS` environment variable when locating config files such as graphics config files.
+* Add support for v0.7.0 Container Device Interface (CDI) specification.
+* Add `--config-search-path` option to `nvidia-ctk cdi generate` command. These paths are used when locating driver files such as graphics config files.
+* Use D3DKMTEnumAdapters3 to enumerate adpaters on WSL2 if available.
+* Add support for v1.2.0 OCI Runtime specification.
+* Explicitly set `NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void` in generated CDI specifications. This prevents the NVIDIA Container Runtime from making additional modifications.
+
+* [libnvidia-container] Use D3DKMTEnumAdapters3 to enumerate adpaters on WSL2 if available.
+
+* [toolkit-container] Bump CUDA base image version to 12.4.1
+
+## v1.15.0-rc.4
+* Add a `--spec-dir` option to the `nvidia-ctk cdi generate` command. This allows specs outside of `/etc/cdi` and `/var/run/cdi` to be processed.
+* Add support for extracting device major number from `/proc/devices` if `nvidia` is used as a device name over `nvidia-frontend`.
+* Allow multiple device naming strategies for `nvidia-ctk cdi generate` command. This allows a single
+  CDI spec to be generated that includes GPUs by index and UUID.
+* Set the default `--device-name-strategy` for the `nvidia-ctk cdi generate` command to `[index, uuid]`.
+* Remove `libnvidia-container0` jetpack dependency included for legacy Tegra-based systems.
+* Add `NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void` to generated CDI specifications.
+
+* [toolkit-container] Remove centos7 image. The ubi8 image can be used on all RPM-based platforms.
+* [toolkit-container] Bump CUDA base image version to 12.3.2
+
+## v1.15.0-rc.3
+* Fix bug in `nvidia-ctk hook update-ldcache` where default `--ldconfig-path` value was not applied.
+
+## v1.15.0-rc.2
+* Extend the `runtime.nvidia.com/gpu` CDI kind to support full-GPUs and MIG devices specified by index or UUID.
+* Fix bug when specifying `--dev-root` for Tegra-based systems.
+* Log explicitly requested runtime mode.
+* Remove package dependency on libseccomp.
+* Added detection of libnvdxgdmal.so.1 on WSL2
+* Use devRoot to resolve MIG device nodes.
+* Fix bug in determining default nvidia-container-runtime.user config value on SUSE-based systems.
+* Add `crun` to the list of configured low-level runtimes.
+* Added support for `--ldconfig-path` to `nvidia-ctk cdi generate` command.
+* Fix `nvidia-ctk runtime configure --cdi.enabled` for Docker.
+* Add discovery of the GDRCopy device (`gdrdrv`) if the `NVIDIA_GDRCOPY` environment variable of the container is set to `enabled`
+
+* [toolkit-container] Bump CUDA base image version to 12.3.1.
+
+## v1.15.0-rc.1
+* Skip update of ldcache in containers without ldconfig. The .so.SONAME symlinks are still created.
+* Normalize ldconfig path on use. This automatically adjust the ldconfig setting applied to ldconfig.real on systems where this exists.
+* Include `nvidia/nvoptix.bin` in list of graphics mounts.
+* Include `vulkan/icd.d/nvidia_layers.json` in list of graphics mounts.
+* Add support for `--library-search-paths` to `nvidia-ctk cdi generate` command.
+* Add support for injecting /dev/nvidia-nvswitch* devices if the NVIDIA_NVSWITCH=enabled envvar is specified.
+* Added support for `nvidia-ctk runtime configure --enable-cdi` for the `docker` runtime. Note that this requires Docker >= 25.
+* Fixed bug in `nvidia-ctk config` command when using `--set`. The types of applied config options are now applied correctly.
+* Add `--relative-to` option to `nvidia-ctk transform root` command. This controls whether the root transformation is applied to host or container paths.
+* Added automatic CDI spec generation when the `runtime.nvidia.com/gpu=all` device is requested by a container.
+
+* [libnvidia-container] Fix device permission check when using cgroupv2 (fixes #227)
+
+## v1.14.3
+* [toolkit-container] Bump CUDA base image version to 12.2.2.
+
+## v1.14.2
+* Fix bug on Tegra-based systems where symlinks were not created in containers.
+* Add --csv.ignore-pattern command line option to nvidia-ctk cdi generate command.
+
 ## v1.14.1
 * Fixed bug where contents of `/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml` is ignored by the NVIDIA Container Runtime Hook.
 
@@ -23,7 +202,7 @@
 ## v1.14.0-rc.2
 * Fix bug causing incorrect nvidia-smi symlink to be created on WSL2 systems with multiple driver roots.
 * Remove dependency on coreutils when installing package on RPM-based systems.
-* Create ouput folders if required when running `nvidia-ctk runtime configure`
+* Create output folders if required when running `nvidia-ctk runtime configure`
 * Generate default config as post-install step.
 * Added support for detecting GSP firmware at custom paths when generating CDI specifications.
 * Added logic to skip the extraction of image requirements if `NVIDIA_DISABLE_REQUIRES` is set to `true`.

DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ where `TARGET` is a make target that is valid for each of the sub-components.
 
 These include:
 * `ubuntu18.04-amd64`
-* `centos8-x86_64`
+* `centos7-x86_64`
 
 If no `TARGET` is specified, all valid release targets are built.
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ environment variables.
 
 ## Testing packages locally
 
-The [test/release](./test/release/) folder contains documentation on how the installation of local or staged packages can be tested.
+The [tests/release](./tests/release/) folder contains documentation on how the installation of local or staged packages can be tested.
 
 
 ## Releasing

Jenkinsfile

@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-/*
-# Copyright (c) 2021, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-podTemplate (cloud:'sw-gpu-cloudnative',
-    containers: [
-    containerTemplate(name: 'docker', image: 'docker:dind', ttyEnabled: true, privileged: true),
-    containerTemplate(name: 'golang', image: 'golang:1.16.3', ttyEnabled: true)
-  ]) {
-    node(POD_LABEL) {
-        def scmInfo
-
-        stage('checkout') {
-            scmInfo = checkout(scm)
-        }
-
-        stage('dependencies') {
-            container('golang') {
-                sh 'GO111MODULE=off go get -u github.com/client9/misspell/cmd/misspell'
-                sh 'GO111MODULE=off go get -u github.com/gordonklaus/ineffassign'
-                sh 'GO111MODULE=off go get -u golang.org/x/lint/golint'
-            }
-            container('docker') {
-                sh 'apk add --no-cache make bash git'
-            }
-        }
-        stage('check') {
-            parallel (
-                getGolangStages(["assert-fmt", "lint", "vet", "ineffassign", "misspell"])
-            )
-        }
-        stage('test') {
-            parallel (
-                getGolangStages(["test"])
-            )
-        }
-
-        def versionInfo
-        stage('version') {
-            container('docker') {
-                versionInfo = getVersionInfo(scmInfo)
-                println "versionInfo=${versionInfo}"
-            }
-        }
-
-        def dist = 'ubuntu20.04'
-        def arch = 'amd64'
-        def stageLabel = "${dist}-${arch}"
-
-        stage('build-one') {
-            container('docker') {
-                stage (stageLabel) {
-                    sh "make ${dist}-${arch}"
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        stage('release') {
-            container('docker') {
-                stage (stageLabel) {
-
-                    def component = 'main'
-                    def repository = 'sw-gpu-cloudnative-debian-local/pool/main/'
-
-                    def uploadSpec = """{
-                                        "files":
-                                        [  {
-                                                "pattern": "./dist/${dist}/${arch}/*.deb",
-                                                "target": "${repository}",
-                                                "props": "deb.distribution=${dist};deb.component=${component};deb.architecture=${arch}"
-                                            }
-                                        ]
-                                    }"""
-
-                    sh "echo starting release with versionInfo=${versionInfo}"
-                    if (versionInfo.isTag) {
-                        // upload to artifactory repository
-                        def server = Artifactory.server 'sw-gpu-artifactory'
-                        server.upload spec: uploadSpec
-                    } else {
-                        sh "echo skipping release for non-tagged build"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-def getGolangStages(def targets) {
-    stages = [:]
-
-    for (t in targets) {
-        stages[t] = getLintClosure(t)
-    }
-
-    return stages
-}
-
-def getLintClosure(def target) {
-    return {
-        container('golang') {
-            stage(target) {
-                sh "make ${target}"
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// getVersionInfo returns a hash of version info
-def getVersionInfo(def scmInfo) {
-    def versionInfo = [
-        isTag: isTag(scmInfo.GIT_BRANCH)
-    ]
-
-    scmInfo.each { k, v -> versionInfo[k] = v }
-    return versionInfo
-}
-
-def isTag(def branch) {
-    if (!branch.startsWith('v')) {
-        return false
-    }
-
-    def version = shOutput('git describe --all --exact-match --always')
-    return version == "tags/${branch}"
-}
-
-def shOuptut(def script) {
-    return sh(script: script, returnStdout: true).trim()
-}

Makefile

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ EXAMPLE_TARGETS := $(patsubst %,example-%, $(EXAMPLES))
 CMDS := $(patsubst ./cmd/%/,%,$(sort $(dir $(wildcard ./cmd/*/))))
 CMD_TARGETS := $(patsubst %,cmd-%, $(CMDS))
 
-CHECK_TARGETS := assert-fmt vet lint ineffassign misspell
+CHECK_TARGETS := lint
-MAKE_TARGETS := binaries build check fmt lint-internal test examples cmds coverage generate licenses $(CHECK_TARGETS)
+MAKE_TARGETS := binaries build check fmt test examples cmds coverage generate licenses vendor check-vendor $(CHECK_TARGETS)
 
 TARGETS := $(MAKE_TARGETS) $(EXAMPLE_TARGETS) $(CMD_TARGETS)
 
@@ -53,22 +53,26 @@ CLI_VERSION = $(VERSION)
 endif
 CLI_VERSION_PACKAGE = github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info
 
-GOOS ?= linux
-
 binaries: cmds
 ifneq ($(PREFIX),)
 cmd-%: COMMAND_BUILD_OPTIONS = -o $(PREFIX)/$(*)
 endif
 cmds: $(CMD_TARGETS)
+
+ifneq ($(shell uname),Darwin)
+EXTLDFLAGS = -Wl,--export-dynamic -Wl,--unresolved-symbols=ignore-in-object-files -Wl,-z,lazy
+else
+EXTLDFLAGS = -Wl,-undefined,dynamic_lookup
+endif
 $(CMD_TARGETS): cmd-%:
-	GOOS=$(GOOS) go build -ldflags "-extldflags=-Wl,-z,lazy -s -w -X $(CLI_VERSION_PACKAGE).gitCommit=$(GIT_COMMIT) -X $(CLI_VERSION_PACKAGE).version=$(CLI_VERSION)" $(COMMAND_BUILD_OPTIONS) $(MODULE)/cmd/$(*)
+	go build -ldflags "-s -w '-extldflags=$(EXTLDFLAGS)' -X $(CLI_VERSION_PACKAGE).gitCommit=$(GIT_COMMIT) -X $(CLI_VERSION_PACKAGE).version=$(CLI_VERSION)" $(COMMAND_BUILD_OPTIONS) $(MODULE)/cmd/$(*)
 
 build:
-	GOOS=$(GOOS) go build ./...
+	go build ./...
 
 examples: $(EXAMPLE_TARGETS)
 $(EXAMPLE_TARGETS): example-%:
-	GOOS=$(GOOS) go build ./examples/$(*)
+	go build ./examples/$(*)
 
 all: check test build binary
 check: $(CHECK_TARGETS)
@@ -78,71 +82,75 @@ fmt:
 	go list -f '{{.Dir}}' $(MODULE)/... \
 		| xargs gofmt -s -l -w
 
-assert-fmt:
+# Apply goimports -local github.com/NVIDIA/container-toolkit to the codebase
-	go list -f '{{.Dir}}' $(MODULE)/... \
+goimports:
-		| xargs gofmt -s -l > fmt.out
+	go list -f {{.Dir}} $(MODULE)/... \
-	@if [ -s fmt.out ]; then \
+		| xargs goimports -local $(MODULE) -w
-		echo "\nERROR: The following files are not formatted:\n"; \
-		cat fmt.out; \
-		rm fmt.out; \
-		exit 1; \
-	else \
-		rm fmt.out; \
-	fi
-
-ineffassign:
-	ineffassign $(MODULE)/...
 
 lint:
-# We use `go list -f '{{.Dir}}' $(MODULE)/...` to skip the `vendor` folder.
+	golangci-lint run ./...
-	go list -f '{{.Dir}}' $(MODULE)/... | xargs golint -set_exit_status
 
-misspell:
+vendor:  | mod-tidy mod-vendor mod-verify
-	misspell $(MODULE)/...
 
-vet:
+mod-tidy:
-	go vet $(MODULE)/...
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*"); do \
+	    echo "Tidying $$mod..."; ( \
+	        cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod tidy \
+            ) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+mod-vendor:
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*" -not -path "./deployments/*"); do \
+		echo "Vendoring $$mod..."; ( \
+			cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod vendor \
+			) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+mod-verify:
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*"); do \
+	    echo "Verifying $$mod..."; ( \
+	        cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod verify | sed 's/^/  /g' \
+	    ) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+
+check-vendor: vendor
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD -- go.mod go.sum vendor
 
 licenses:
 	go-licenses csv $(MODULE)/...
 
 COVERAGE_FILE := coverage.out
 test: build cmds
-	go test -v -coverprofile=$(COVERAGE_FILE) $(MODULE)/...
+	go test -coverprofile=$(COVERAGE_FILE).with-mocks $(MODULE)/...
 
 coverage: test
-	cat $(COVERAGE_FILE) | grep -v "_mock.go" > $(COVERAGE_FILE).no-mocks
+	cat $(COVERAGE_FILE).with-mocks | grep -v "_mock.go" > $(COVERAGE_FILE)
-	go tool cover -func=$(COVERAGE_FILE).no-mocks
+	go tool cover -func=$(COVERAGE_FILE)
 
 generate:
 	go generate $(MODULE)/...
 
 # Generate an image for containerized builds
 # Note: This image is local only
-.PHONY: .build-image .pull-build-image .push-build-image
+.PHONY: .build-image
-.build-image: docker/Dockerfile.devel
+.build-image:
-	if [ x"$(SKIP_IMAGE_BUILD)" = x"" ]; then \
+	make -f deployments/devel/Makefile .build-image
-		$(DOCKER) build \
-			--progress=plain \
-			--build-arg GOLANG_VERSION="$(GOLANG_VERSION)" \
-			--tag $(BUILDIMAGE) \
-			-f $(^) \
-			docker; \
-	fi
 
-.pull-build-image:
+ifeq ($(BUILD_DEVEL_IMAGE),yes)
-	$(DOCKER) pull $(BUILDIMAGE)
+$(DOCKER_TARGETS): .build-image
+.shell: .build-image
+endif
 
-.push-build-image:
+$(DOCKER_TARGETS): docker-%:
-	$(DOCKER) push $(BUILDIMAGE)
+	@echo "Running 'make $(*)' in container image $(BUILDIMAGE)"
-
-$(DOCKER_TARGETS): docker-%: .build-image
-	@echo "Running 'make $(*)' in docker container $(BUILDIMAGE)"
 	$(DOCKER) run \
 		--rm \
-		-e GOCACHE=/tmp/.cache \
+		-e GOCACHE=/tmp/.cache/go \
-		-v $(PWD):$(PWD) \
+		-e GOMODCACHE=/tmp/.cache/gomod \
-		-w $(PWD) \
+		-e GOLANGCI_LINT_CACHE=/tmp/.cache/golangci-lint \
+		-v $(PWD):/work \
+		-w /work \
 		--user $$(id -u):$$(id -g) \
 		$(BUILDIMAGE) \
 			make $(*)
@@ -153,8 +161,10 @@ PHONY: .shell
 	$(DOCKER) run \
 		--rm \
 		-ti \
-		-e GOCACHE=/tmp/.cache \
+		-e GOCACHE=/tmp/.cache/go \
-		-v $(PWD):$(PWD) \
+		-e GOMODCACHE=/tmp/.cache/gomod \
-		-w $(PWD) \
+		-e GOLANGCI_LINT_CACHE=/tmp/.cache/golangci-lint \
+		-v $(PWD):/work \
+		-w /work \
 		--user $$(id -u):$$(id -g) \
 		$(BUILDIMAGE)

RELEASE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Release Process
+
+The NVIDIA Container Toolkit consists of the following artifacts:
+- The NVIDIA Container Toolkit container
+- Packages for debian-based systems
+- Packages for rpm-based systems
+
+# Release Process Checklist:
+- [ ] Create a release PR:
+    - [ ] Run the `./hack/prepare-release.sh` script to update the version in all the needed files. This also creates a [release issue](https://github.com/NVIDIA/cloud-native-team/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Arelease)
+    - [ ] Run the `./hack/generate-changelog.sh` script to generate the a draft changelog and update `CHANGELOG.md` with the changes.
+    - [ ] Create a PR from the created `bump-release-{{ .VERSION }}` branch.
+- [ ] Merge the release PR
+- [ ] Tag the release and push the tag to the `internal` mirror:
+    - [ ] Image release pipeline: https://gitlab-master.nvidia.com/dl/container-dev/container-toolkit/-/pipelines/16466098
+- [ ] Wait for the image release to complete.
+- [ ] Push the tag to the the upstream GitHub repo.
+- [ ] Wait for the [`Release`](https://github.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin/actions/workflows/release.yaml) GitHub Action to complete
+- [ ] Publish the [draft release](https://github.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin/releases) created by the GitHub Action
+- [ ] Publish the packages to the gh-pages branch of the libnvidia-container repo
+- [ ] Create a KitPick
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+*Note*: This assumes that we have the release tag checked out locally.
+
+- If the `Release` GitHub Action fails:
+    - Check the logs for the error first.
+    - Create the helm packages locally by running:
+      ```bash
+      ./hack/prepare-artifacts.sh {{ .VERSION }}
+      ```
+    - Create the draft release by running:
+      ```bash
+      ./hack/create-release.sh {{ .VERSION }}
+      ```

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Security
+
+NVIDIA is dedicated to the security and trust of our software products and services, including all source code repositories managed through our organization.
+
+If you need to report a security issue, please use the appropriate contact points outlined below. **Please do not report security vulnerabilities through GitHub.**
+
+## Reporting Potential Security Vulnerability in an NVIDIA Product
+
+To report a potential security vulnerability in any NVIDIA product:
+- Web: [Security Vulnerability Submission Form](https://www.nvidia.com/object/submit-security-vulnerability.html)
+- E-Mail: psirt@nvidia.com
+    - We encourage you to use the following PGP key for secure email communication: [NVIDIA public PGP Key for communication](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/security/pgp-key)
+    - Please include the following information:
+        - Product/Driver name and version/branch that contains the vulnerability
+     - Type of vulnerability (code execution, denial of service, buffer overflow, etc.)
+        - Instructions to reproduce the vulnerability
+        - Proof-of-concept or exploit code
+        - Potential impact of the vulnerability, including how an attacker could exploit the vulnerability
+
+While NVIDIA currently does not have a bug bounty program, we do offer acknowledgement when an externally reported security issue is addressed under our coordinated vulnerability disclosure policy. Please visit our [Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT)](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/security/psirt-policies/) policies page for more information.
+
+## NVIDIA Product Security
+
+For all security-related concerns, please visit NVIDIA's Product Security portal at https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/security

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# NVIDIA CDI Hook
+
+The CLI `nvidia-cdi-hook` provides container device runtime hook capabilities when
+called by a container runtime, as specific in a
+[Container Device Interface](https://tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/blob/main/SPEC.md)
+file.
+
+## Generating a CDI
+
+The CDI itself is created for an NVIDIA-capable device using the
+[`nvidia-ctk cdi generate`](../nvidia-ctk/) command.
+
+When `nvidia-ctk cdi generate` is run, the CDI specification is generated as a yaml file.
+The CDI specification provides instructions for a container runtime to set up devices, files and
+other resources for the container prior to starting it. Those instructions
+may include executing command-line tools to prepare the filesystem. The execution
+of such command-line tools is called a hook.
+
+`nvidia-cdi-hook` is the CLI tool that is expected to be called by the container runtime,
+when specified by the CDI file.
+
+See the [`nvidia-ctk` documentation](../nvidia-ctk/README.md) for more information
+on generating a CDI file.
+
+## Functionality
+
+The `nvidia-cdi-hook` CLI provides the following functionality:
+
+* `chmod` - Change the permissions of a file or directory inside the directory path to be mounted into a container.
+* `create-symlinks` - Create symlinks inside the directory path to be mounted into a container.
+* `update-ldcache` - Update the dynamic linker cache inside the directory path to be mounted into a container.

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/chmod/chmod.go

@@ -17,16 +17,18 @@
 package chmod
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 type command struct {
@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ type command struct {
 
 type config struct {
 	paths         cli.StringSlice
-	mode          string
+	modeStr       string
+	mode          fs.FileMode
 	containerSpec string
 }
 
@@ -66,13 +69,13 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
 		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
 			Name:        "path",
-			Usage:       "Specifiy a path to apply the specified mode to",
+			Usage:       "Specify a path to apply the specified mode to",
 			Destination: &cfg.paths,
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "mode",
 			Usage:       "Specify the file mode",
-			Destination: &cfg.mode,
+			Destination: &cfg.modeStr,
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "container-spec",
@@ -85,10 +88,16 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 }
 
 func validateFlags(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.mode) == "" {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.modeStr) == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("a non-empty mode must be specified")
 	}
 
+	modeInt, err := strconv.ParseUint(cfg.modeStr, 8, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse mode as octal: %v", err)
+	}
+	cfg.mode = fs.FileMode(modeInt)
+
 	for _, p := range cfg.paths.Value() {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(p) == "" {
 			return fmt.Errorf("paths must not be empty")
@@ -112,33 +121,38 @@ func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("empty container root detected")
 	}
 
-	paths := m.getPaths(containerRoot, cfg.paths.Value())
+	paths := m.getPaths(containerRoot, cfg.paths.Value(), cfg.mode)
 	if len(paths) == 0 {
 		m.logger.Debugf("No paths specified; exiting")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	locator := lookup.NewExecutableLocator(m.logger, "")
+	for _, path := range paths {
-	targets, err := locator.Locate("chmod")
+		err = os.Chmod(path, cfg.mode)
-	if err != nil {
+		// in some cases this is not an issue (e.g. whole /dev mounted), see #143
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to locate chmod: %v", err)
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrPermission) {
+			m.logger.Debugf("Ignoring permission error with chmod: %v", err)
+			err = nil
+		}
 	}
-	chmodPath := targets[0]
 
-	args := append([]string{filepath.Base(chmodPath), cfg.mode}, paths...)
+	return err
-
-	return syscall.Exec(chmodPath, args, nil)
 }
 
 // getPaths updates the specified paths relative to the root.
-func (m command) getPaths(root string, paths []string) []string {
+func (m command) getPaths(root string, paths []string, desiredMode fs.FileMode) []string {
 	var pathsInRoot []string
 	for _, f := range paths {
 		path := filepath.Join(root, f)
-		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		stat, err := os.Stat(path)
+		if err != nil {
 			m.logger.Debugf("Skipping path %q: %v", path, err)
 			continue
 		}
+		if (stat.Mode()&(fs.ModePerm|fs.ModeSetuid|fs.ModeSetgid|fs.ModeSticky))^desiredMode == 0 {
+			m.logger.Debugf("Skipping path %q: already desired mode", path)
+			continue
+		}
 		pathsInRoot = append(pathsInRoot, path)
 	}
 

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/commands/commands.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/chmod"
+	symlinks "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/create-symlinks"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/cudacompat"
+	disabledevicenodemodification "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification"
+	ldcache "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+)
+
+// New creates the commands associated with supported CDI hooks.
+// These are shared by the nvidia-cdi-hook and nvidia-ctk hook commands.
+func New(logger logger.Interface) []*cli.Command {
+	return []*cli.Command{
+		ldcache.NewCommand(logger),
+		symlinks.NewCommand(logger),
+		chmod.NewCommand(logger),
+		cudacompat.NewCommand(logger),
+		disabledevicenodemodification.NewCommand(logger),
+	}
+}
+
+// IssueUnsupportedHookWarning logs a warning that no hook or an unsupported
+// hook has been specified.
+// This happens if a subcommand is provided that does not match one of the
+// subcommands that has been explicitly specified.
+func IssueUnsupportedHookWarning(logger logger.Interface, c *cli.Context) {
+	args := c.Args().Slice()
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		logger.Warningf("No CDI hook specified")
+	} else {
+		logger.Warningf("Unsupported CDI hook: %v", args[0])
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/create-symlinks/create-symlinks.go

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package symlinks
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/symlink"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup/symlinks"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
+)
+
+type command struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+}
+
+type config struct {
+	links         cli.StringSlice
+	containerSpec string
+}
+
+// NewCommand constructs a hook command with the specified logger
+func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
+	c := command{
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+	return c.build()
+}
+
+// build creates the create-symlink command.
+func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
+	cfg := config{}
+
+	c := cli.Command{
+		Name:  "create-symlinks",
+		Usage: "A hook to create symlinks in the container.",
+		Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return m.run(c, &cfg)
+		},
+	}
+
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "link",
+			Usage:       "Specify a specific link to create. The link is specified as target::link. If the link exists in the container root, it is removed.",
+			Destination: &cfg.links,
+		},
+		// The following flags are testing-only flags.
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "container-spec",
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to the OCI container spec. If empty or '-' the spec will be read from STDIN. This is only intended for testing.",
+			Destination: &cfg.containerSpec,
+			Hidden:      true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	return &c
+}
+
+func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
+	s, err := oci.LoadContainerState(cfg.containerSpec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	containerRoot, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	created := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, l := range cfg.links.Value() {
+		if created[l] {
+			m.logger.Debugf("Link %v already processed", l)
+			continue
+		}
+		parts := strings.Split(l, "::")
+		if len(parts) != 2 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid symlink specification %v", l)
+		}
+
+		err := m.createLink(containerRoot, parts[0], parts[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create link %v: %w", parts, err)
+		}
+		created[l] = true
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// createLink creates a symbolic link in the specified container root.
+// This is equivalent to:
+//
+//	chroot {{ .containerRoot }} ln -f -s {{ .target }} {{ .link }}
+//
+// If the specified link already exists and points to the same target, this
+// operation is a no-op.
+// If a file exists at the link path or the link points to a different target
+// this file is removed before creating the link.
+//
+// Note that if the link path resolves to an absolute path oudside of the
+// specified root, this is treated as an absolute path in this root.
+func (m command) createLink(containerRoot string, targetPath string, link string) error {
+	linkPath := filepath.Join(containerRoot, link)
+
+	exists, err := linkExists(targetPath, linkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if link exists: %w", err)
+	}
+	if exists {
+		m.logger.Debugf("Link %s already exists", linkPath)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// We resolve the parent of the symlink that we're creating in the container root.
+	// If we resolve the full link path, an existing link at the location itself
+	// is also resolved here and we are unable to force create the link.
+	resolvedLinkParent, err := symlink.FollowSymlinkInScope(filepath.Dir(linkPath), containerRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to follow path for link %v relative to %v: %w", link, containerRoot, err)
+	}
+	resolvedLinkPath := filepath.Join(resolvedLinkParent, filepath.Base(linkPath))
+
+	m.logger.Infof("Symlinking %v to %v", resolvedLinkPath, targetPath)
+	err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(resolvedLinkPath), 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	err = symlinks.ForceCreate(targetPath, resolvedLinkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create symlink: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// linkExists checks whether the specified link exists.
+// A link exists if the path exists, is a symlink, and points to the specified target.
+func linkExists(target string, link string) (bool, error) {
+	currentTarget, err := symlinks.Resolve(link)
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve existing symlink %s: %w", link, err)
+	}
+	if currentTarget == target {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/create-symlinks/create-symlinks_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+package symlinks
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup/symlinks"
+)
+
+func TestLinkExist(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(
+		t,
+		makeFs(tmpDir,
+			dirOrLink{path: "/a/b/c", target: "d"},
+			dirOrLink{path: "/a/b/e", target: "/a/b/f"},
+		),
+	)
+
+	exists, err := linkExists("d", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/a/b/c"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, exists)
+
+	exists, err = linkExists("/a/b/f", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/a/b/e"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, exists)
+
+	exists, err = linkExists("different-target", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/a/b/c"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, exists)
+
+	exists, err = linkExists("/a/b/d", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/a/b/c"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, exists)
+
+	exists, err = linkExists("foo", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/a/b/does-not-exist"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, exists)
+}
+
+func TestCreateLink(t *testing.T) {
+	type link struct {
+		path   string
+		target string
+	}
+	type expectedLink struct {
+		link
+		err error
+	}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description         string
+		containerContents   []dirOrLink
+		link                link
+		expectedCreateError error
+		expectedLinks       []expectedLink
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "link to / resolves to container root",
+			containerContents: []dirOrLink{
+				{path: "/lib/foo", target: "/"},
+			},
+			link: link{
+				path:   "/lib/foo/libfoo.so",
+				target: "libfoo.so.1",
+			},
+			expectedLinks: []expectedLink{
+				{
+					link: link{
+						path:   "{{ .containerRoot }}/libfoo.so",
+						target: "libfoo.so.1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "link to / resolves to container root; parent relative link",
+			containerContents: []dirOrLink{
+				{path: "/lib/foo", target: "/"},
+			},
+			link: link{
+				path:   "/lib/foo/libfoo.so",
+				target: "../libfoo.so.1",
+			},
+			expectedLinks: []expectedLink{
+				{
+					link: link{
+						path:   "{{ .containerRoot }}/libfoo.so",
+						target: "../libfoo.so.1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "link to / resolves to container root; absolute link",
+			containerContents: []dirOrLink{
+				{path: "/lib/foo", target: "/"},
+			},
+			link: link{
+				path:   "/lib/foo/libfoo.so",
+				target: "/a-path-in-container/foo/libfoo.so.1",
+			},
+			expectedLinks: []expectedLink{
+				{
+					link: link{
+						path:   "{{ .containerRoot }}/libfoo.so",
+						target: "/a-path-in-container/foo/libfoo.so.1",
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					// We also check that the target is NOT created.
+					link: link{
+						path: "{{ .containerRoot }}/a-path-in-container/foo/libfoo.so.1",
+					},
+					err: os.ErrNotExist,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+			hostRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/host-root/")
+			containerRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/container-root")
+
+			require.NoError(t, makeFs(hostRoot))
+			require.NoError(t, makeFs(containerRoot, tc.containerContents...))
+
+			// nvidia-cdi-hook create-symlinks --link linkSpec
+			err := getTestCommand().createLink(containerRoot, tc.link.target, tc.link.path)
+			// TODO: We may be able to replace this with require.ErrorIs.
+			if tc.expectedCreateError != nil {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+
+			for _, expectedLink := range tc.expectedLinks {
+				path := strings.ReplaceAll(expectedLink.path, "{{ .containerRoot }}", containerRoot)
+				path = strings.ReplaceAll(path, "{{ .hostRoot }}", hostRoot)
+				if expectedLink.target != "" {
+					target, err := symlinks.Resolve(path)
+					require.ErrorIs(t, err, expectedLink.err)
+					require.Equal(t, expectedLink.target, target)
+				} else {
+					_, err := os.Stat(path)
+					require.ErrorIs(t, err, expectedLink.err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateLinkRelativePath(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	hostRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/host-root/")
+	containerRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/container-root")
+
+	require.NoError(t, makeFs(hostRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, makeFs(containerRoot, dirOrLink{path: "/lib/"}))
+
+	// nvidia-cdi-hook create-symlinks --link libfoo.so.1::/lib/libfoo.so
+	err := getTestCommand().createLink(containerRoot, "libfoo.so.1", "/lib/libfoo.so")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	target, err := symlinks.Resolve(filepath.Join(containerRoot, "/lib/libfoo.so"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "libfoo.so.1", target)
+}
+
+func TestCreateLinkAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	hostRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/host-root/")
+	containerRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/container-root")
+
+	require.NoError(t, makeFs(hostRoot))
+	require.NoError(t, makeFs(containerRoot, dirOrLink{path: "/lib/"}))
+
+	// nvidia-cdi-hook create-symlinks --link /lib/libfoo.so.1::/lib/libfoo.so
+	err := getTestCommand().createLink(containerRoot, "/lib/libfoo.so.1", "/lib/libfoo.so")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	target, err := symlinks.Resolve(filepath.Join(containerRoot, "/lib/libfoo.so"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "/lib/libfoo.so.1", target)
+}
+
+func TestCreateLinkAlreadyExists(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description       string
+		containerContents []dirOrLink
+		shouldExist       []string
+	}{
+		{
+			description:       "link already exists with correct target",
+			containerContents: []dirOrLink{{path: "/lib/libfoo.so", target: "libfoo.so.1"}},
+			shouldExist:       []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			description:       "link already exists with different target",
+			containerContents: []dirOrLink{{path: "/lib/libfoo.so", target: "different-target"}, {path: "different-target"}},
+			shouldExist:       []string{"{{ .containerRoot }}/different-target"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+			hostRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/host-root/")
+			containerRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/container-root")
+			require.NoError(t, makeFs(hostRoot))
+			require.NoError(t, makeFs(containerRoot, tc.containerContents...))
+
+			// nvidia-cdi-hook create-symlinks --link libfoo.so.1::/lib/libfoo.so
+			err := getTestCommand().createLink(containerRoot, "libfoo.so.1", "/lib/libfoo.so")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			target, err := symlinks.Resolve(filepath.Join(containerRoot, "lib/libfoo.so"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, "libfoo.so.1", target)
+
+			for _, p := range tc.shouldExist {
+				require.DirExists(t, strings.ReplaceAll(p, "{{ .containerRoot }}", containerRoot))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateLinkOutOfBounds(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	hostRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/host-root")
+	containerRoot := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/container-root")
+
+	require.NoError(t,
+		makeFs(hostRoot,
+			dirOrLink{path: "libfoo.so"},
+		),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t,
+		makeFs(containerRoot,
+			dirOrLink{path: "/lib"},
+			dirOrLink{path: "/lib/foo", target: hostRoot},
+		),
+	)
+
+	path, err := symlinks.Resolve(filepath.Join(containerRoot, "/lib/foo"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, hostRoot, path)
+
+	// nvidia-cdi-hook create-symlinks --link ../libfoo.so.1::/lib/foo/libfoo.so
+	_ = getTestCommand().createLink(containerRoot, "../libfoo.so.1", "/lib/foo/libfoo.so")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	target, err := symlinks.Resolve(filepath.Join(containerRoot, hostRoot, "libfoo.so"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "../libfoo.so.1", target)
+
+	require.DirExists(t, filepath.Join(hostRoot, "libfoo.so"))
+}
+
+type dirOrLink struct {
+	path   string
+	target string
+}
+
+func makeFs(tmpdir string, fs ...dirOrLink) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(tmpdir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, s := range fs {
+		s.path = filepath.Join(tmpdir, s.path)
+		if s.target == "" {
+			_ = os.MkdirAll(s.path, 0o755)
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(s.path), 0o755); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := os.Symlink(s.target, s.path); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getTestCommand creates a command for running tests against.
+func getTestCommand() *command {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	return &command{
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/cudacompat/container-root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package cudacompat
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/symlink"
+)
+
+// A containerRoot represents the root filesystem of a container.
+type containerRoot string
+
+// hasPath checks whether the specified path exists in the root.
+func (r containerRoot) hasPath(path string) bool {
+	resolved, err := r.resolve(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(resolved); err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// globFiles matches the specified pattern in the root.
+// The files that match must be regular files.
+func (r containerRoot) globFiles(pattern string) ([]string, error) {
+	patternPath, err := r.resolve(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	matches, err := filepath.Glob(patternPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var files []string
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		info, err := os.Lstat(match)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// Ignore symlinks.
+		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Ignore directories.
+		if info.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		files = append(files, match)
+	}
+	return files, nil
+}
+
+// resolve returns the absolute path including root path.
+// Symlinks are resolved, but are guaranteed to resolve in the root.
+func (r containerRoot) resolve(path string) (string, error) {
+	absolute := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(string(r), path))
+	return symlink.FollowSymlinkInScope(absolute, string(r))
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/cudacompat/cudacompat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package cudacompat
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
+)
+
+const (
+	cudaCompatPath = "/usr/local/cuda/compat"
+	// cudaCompatLdsoconfdFilenamePattern specifies the pattern for the filename
+	// in ld.so.conf.d that includes a reference to the CUDA compat path.
+	// The 00-compat prefix is chosen to ensure that these libraries have a
+	// higher precedence than other libraries on the system.
+	cudaCompatLdsoconfdFilenamePattern = "00-compat-*.conf"
+)
+
+type command struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+}
+
+type options struct {
+	hostDriverVersion string
+	containerSpec     string
+}
+
+// NewCommand constructs a cuda-compat command with the specified logger
+func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
+	c := command{
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+	return c.build()
+}
+
+// build the enable-cuda-compat command
+func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
+	cfg := options{}
+
+	// Create the 'enable-cuda-compat' command
+	c := cli.Command{
+		Name:  "enable-cuda-compat",
+		Usage: "This hook ensures that the folder containing the CUDA compat libraries is added to the ldconfig search path if required.",
+		Before: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return m.validateFlags(c, &cfg)
+		},
+		Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return m.run(c, &cfg)
+		},
+	}
+
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "host-driver-version",
+			Usage:       "Specify the host driver version. If the CUDA compat libraries detected in the container do not have a higher MAJOR version, the hook is a no-op.",
+			Destination: &cfg.hostDriverVersion,
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "container-spec",
+			Hidden:      true,
+			Category:    "testing-only",
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to the OCI container spec. If empty or '-' the spec will be read from STDIN",
+			Destination: &cfg.containerSpec,
+		},
+	}
+
+	return &c
+}
+
+func (m command) validateFlags(_ *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m command) run(_ *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	if cfg.hostDriverVersion == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	s, err := oci.LoadContainerState(cfg.containerSpec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	containerRootDir, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	containerForwardCompatDir, err := m.getContainerForwardCompatDir(containerRoot(containerRootDir), cfg.hostDriverVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get container forward compat directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	if containerForwardCompatDir == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return m.createLdsoconfdFile(containerRoot(containerRootDir), cudaCompatLdsoconfdFilenamePattern, containerForwardCompatDir)
+}
+
+func (m command) getContainerForwardCompatDir(containerRoot containerRoot, hostDriverVersion string) (string, error) {
+	if hostDriverVersion == "" {
+		m.logger.Debugf("Host driver version not specified")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if !containerRoot.hasPath(cudaCompatPath) {
+		m.logger.Debugf("No CUDA forward compatibility libraries directory in container")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if !containerRoot.hasPath("/etc/ld.so.cache") {
+		m.logger.Debugf("The container does not have an LDCache")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	libs, err := containerRoot.globFiles(filepath.Join(cudaCompatPath, "libcuda.so.*.*"))
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Warningf("Failed to find CUDA compat library: %w", err)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	if len(libs) == 0 {
+		m.logger.Debugf("No CUDA forward compatibility libraries container")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	if len(libs) != 1 {
+		m.logger.Warningf("Unexpected number of CUDA compat libraries in container: %v", libs)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	compatDriverVersion := strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Base(libs[0]), "libcuda.so.")
+	compatMajor, err := extractMajorVersion(compatDriverVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to extract major version from %q: %v", compatDriverVersion, err)
+	}
+
+	driverMajor, err := extractMajorVersion(hostDriverVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to extract major version from %q: %v", hostDriverVersion, err)
+	}
+
+	if driverMajor >= compatMajor {
+		m.logger.Debugf("Compat major version is not greater than the host driver major version (%v >= %v)", hostDriverVersion, compatDriverVersion)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	resolvedCompatDir := strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Dir(libs[0]), string(containerRoot))
+	return resolvedCompatDir, nil
+}
+
+// createLdsoconfdFile creates a file at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ in the specified root.
+// The file is created at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/{{ .pattern }} using `CreateTemp` and
+// contains the specified directories on each line.
+func (m command) createLdsoconfdFile(in containerRoot, pattern string, dirs ...string) error {
+	if len(dirs) == 0 {
+		m.logger.Debugf("No directories to add to /etc/ld.so.conf")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ldsoconfdDir, err := in.resolve("/etc/ld.so.conf.d")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(ldsoconfdDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create ld.so.conf.d: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	configFile, err := os.CreateTemp(ldsoconfdDir, pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer configFile.Close()
+
+	m.logger.Debugf("Adding directories %v to %v", dirs, configFile.Name())
+
+	added := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, dir := range dirs {
+		if added[dir] {
+			continue
+		}
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(configFile, "%s\n", dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update config file: %w", err)
+		}
+		added[dir] = true
+	}
+
+	// The created file needs to be world readable for the cases where the container is run as a non-root user.
+	if err := configFile.Chmod(0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to chmod config file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// extractMajorVersion parses a version string and returns the major version as an int.
+func extractMajorVersion(version string) (int, error) {
+	majorString := strings.SplitN(version, ".", 2)[0]
+	return strconv.Atoi(majorString)
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/cudacompat/cudacompat_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package cudacompat
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCompatLibs(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description                       string
+		contents                          map[string]string
+		hostDriverVersion                 string
+		expectedContainerForwardCompatDir string
+	}{
+		{
+			description:       "empty root",
+			hostDriverVersion: "222.55.66",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "compat lib is newer; no ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.333.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion: "222.55.66",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "compat lib is newer; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.333.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "/usr/local/cuda/compat",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "compat lib is older; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.111.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "compat lib has same major version; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.222.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "numeric comparison is used; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.222.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "99.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "/usr/local/cuda/compat",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "driver version empty; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.222.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion: "",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "symlinks are followed",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/etc/alternatives/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.333.88.99": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda": "symlink=/etc/alternatives/cuda",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "/etc/alternatives/cuda/compat",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "symlinks stay in container",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache":             "",
+				"/compat/libcuda.so.333.88.99": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda":              "symlink=../../../../../../",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "/compat",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			containerRootDir := t.TempDir()
+			for name, contents := range tc.contents {
+				target := filepath.Join(containerRootDir, name)
+				require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target), 0755))
+
+				if strings.HasPrefix(contents, "symlink=") {
+					require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(strings.TrimPrefix(contents, "symlink="), target))
+					continue
+				}
+
+				require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte(contents), 0600))
+			}
+
+			c := command{
+				logger: logger,
+			}
+			containerForwardCompatDir, err := c.getContainerForwardCompatDir(containerRoot(containerRootDir), tc.hostDriverVersion)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedContainerForwardCompatDir, containerForwardCompatDir)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateLdconfig(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description      string
+		folders          []string
+		expectedContents string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "no folders; have no contents",
+		},
+		{
+			description:      "single folder is added",
+			folders:          []string{"/usr/local/cuda/compat"},
+			expectedContents: "/usr/local/cuda/compat\n",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			containerRootDir := t.TempDir()
+			c := command{
+				logger: logger,
+			}
+			err := c.createLdsoconfdFile(containerRoot(containerRootDir), cudaCompatLdsoconfdFilenamePattern, tc.folders...)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(containerRootDir, "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-compat-*.conf"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			if tc.expectedContents == "" {
+				require.Empty(t, matches)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.Len(t, matches, 1)
+			contents, err := os.ReadFile(matches[0])
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedContents, string(contents))
+		})
+	}
+
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification/disable-device-node-modification.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package disabledevicenodemodification
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
+)
+
+const (
+	nvidiaDriverParamsPath = "/proc/driver/nvidia/params"
+)
+
+type options struct {
+	containerSpec string
+}
+
+// NewCommand constructs an disable-device-node-modification subcommand with the specified logger
+func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
+	cfg := options{}
+
+	c := cli.Command{
+		Name:  "disable-device-node-modification",
+		Usage: "Ensure that the /proc/driver/nvidia/params file present in the container does not allow device node modifications.",
+		Before: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return validateFlags(c, &cfg)
+		},
+		Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return run(c, &cfg)
+		},
+	}
+
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "container-spec",
+			Hidden:      true,
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to the OCI container spec. If empty or '-' the spec will be read from STDIN",
+			Destination: &cfg.containerSpec,
+		},
+	}
+
+	return &c
+}
+
+func validateFlags(c *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func run(_ *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	modifiedParamsFileContents, err := getModifiedNVIDIAParamsContents()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get modified params file contents: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(modifiedParamsFileContents) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	s, err := oci.LoadContainerState(cfg.containerSpec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	containerRootDirPath, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return createParamsFileInContainer(containerRootDirPath, modifiedParamsFileContents)
+}
+
+func getModifiedNVIDIAParamsContents() ([]byte, error) {
+	hostNvidiaParamsFile, err := os.Open(nvidiaDriverParamsPath)
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load params file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer hostNvidiaParamsFile.Close()
+
+	modifiedContents, err := getModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader(hostNvidiaParamsFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get modfied params file contents: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return modifiedContents, nil
+}
+
+// getModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader returns the contents of a modified params file from the specified reader.
+func getModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
+	var modified bytes.Buffer
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+
+	var requiresModification bool
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "ModifyDeviceFiles: ") {
+			if line == "ModifyDeviceFiles: 0" {
+				return nil, nil
+			}
+			if line == "ModifyDeviceFiles: 1" {
+				line = "ModifyDeviceFiles: 0"
+				requiresModification = true
+			}
+		}
+		if _, err := modified.WriteString(line + "\n"); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create output buffer: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read params file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !requiresModification {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	return modified.Bytes(), nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification/disable-device-node-modification_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package disabledevicenodemodification
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGetModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		contents         []byte
+		expectedError    error
+		expectedContents []byte
+	}{
+		"no contents": {
+			contents:         nil,
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: nil,
+		},
+		"other contents are ignored": {
+			contents: []byte(`# Some other content
+			that we don't care about
+			`),
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: nil,
+		},
+		"already zero requires no modification": {
+			contents:         []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 0"),
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: nil,
+		},
+		"leading spaces require no modification": {
+			contents: []byte("  ModifyDeviceFiles: 1"),
+		},
+		"Trailing spaces require no modification": {
+			contents: []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 1  "),
+		},
+		"Not 1 require no modification": {
+			contents: []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 11"),
+		},
+		"single line requires modification": {
+			contents:         []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 1"),
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 0\n"),
+		},
+		"single line with trailing newline requires modification": {
+			contents:         []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 1\n"),
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 0\n"),
+		},
+		"other content is maintained": {
+			contents: []byte(`ModifyDeviceFiles: 1
+			other content
+			that
+			is maintained`),
+			expectedError: nil,
+			expectedContents: []byte(`ModifyDeviceFiles: 0
+			other content
+			that
+			is maintained
+`),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for description, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			contents, err := getModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader(bytes.NewReader(tc.contents))
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedError, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, string(tc.expectedContents), string(contents))
+		})
+	}
+
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification/params_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package disabledevicenodemodification
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/utils"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func createParamsFileInContainer(containerRootDirPath string, contents []byte) error {
+	tmpRoot, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "nvct-empty-dir*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := createTmpFs(tmpRoot, len(contents)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create tmpfs mount for params file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	modifiedParamsFile, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(tmpRoot, "nvct-params"), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0444)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open modified params file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer modifiedParamsFile.Close()
+
+	if _, err := modifiedParamsFile.Write(contents); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write temporary params file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = utils.WithProcfd(containerRootDirPath, nvidiaDriverParamsPath, func(nvidiaDriverParamsFdPath string) error {
+		return unix.Mount(modifiedParamsFile.Name(), nvidiaDriverParamsFdPath, "", unix.MS_BIND|unix.MS_RDONLY|unix.MS_NODEV|unix.MS_PRIVATE|unix.MS_NOSYMFOLLOW, "")
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to mount modified params file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func createTmpFs(target string, size int) error {
+	return unix.Mount("tmpfs", target, "tmpfs", 0, fmt.Sprintf("size=%d", size))
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification/params_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package disabledevicenodemodification
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func createParamsFileInContainer(containerRootDirPath string, contents []byte) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2024, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info"
+
+	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/commands"
+)
+
+// options defines the options that can be set for the CLI through config files,
+// environment variables, or command line flags
+type options struct {
+	// Debug indicates whether the CLI is started in "debug" mode
+	Debug bool
+	// Quiet indicates whether the CLI is started in "quiet" mode
+	Quiet bool
+}
+
+func main() {
+	logger := logrus.New()
+
+	// Create a options struct to hold the parsed environment variables or command line flags
+	opts := options{}
+
+	// Create the top-level CLI
+	c := cli.NewApp()
+	c.Name = "NVIDIA CDI Hook"
+	c.UseShortOptionHandling = true
+	c.EnableBashCompletion = true
+	c.Usage = "Command to structure files for usage inside a container, called as hooks from a container runtime, defined in a CDI yaml file"
+	c.Version = info.GetVersionString()
+
+	// We set the default action for the `nvidia-cdi-hook` command to issue a
+	// warning and exit with no error.
+	// This means that if an unsupported hook is run, a container will not fail
+	// to launch. An unsupported hook could be the result of a CDI specification
+	// referring to a new hook that is not yet supported by an older NVIDIA
+	// Container Toolkit version or a hook that has been removed in newer
+	// version.
+	c.Action = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		commands.IssueUnsupportedHookWarning(logger, ctx)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Setup the flags for this command
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "debug",
+			Aliases:     []string{"d"},
+			Usage:       "Enable debug-level logging",
+			Destination: &opts.Debug,
+			// TODO: Support for NVIDIA_CDI_DEBUG is deprecated and NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG should be used instead.
+			EnvVars: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG", "NVIDIA_CDI_DEBUG"},
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "quiet",
+			Usage:       "Suppress all output except for errors; overrides --debug",
+			Destination: &opts.Quiet,
+			// TODO: Support for NVIDIA_CDI_QUIET is deprecated and NVIDIA_CTK_QUIET should be used instead.
+			EnvVars: []string{"NVDIA_CTK_QUIET", "NVIDIA_CDI_QUIET"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Set log-level for all subcommands
+	c.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		logLevel := logrus.InfoLevel
+		if opts.Debug {
+			logLevel = logrus.DebugLevel
+		}
+		if opts.Quiet {
+			logLevel = logrus.ErrorLevel
+		}
+		logger.SetLevel(logLevel)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Define the subcommands
+	c.Commands = commands.New(logger)
+
+	// Run the CLI
+	err := c.Run(os.Args)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("%v", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/container-root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/symlink"
+)
+
+// A containerRoot represents the root filesystem of a container.
+type containerRoot string
+
+// hasPath checks whether the specified path exists in the root.
+func (r containerRoot) hasPath(path string) bool {
+	resolved, err := r.resolve(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(resolved); err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// resolve returns the absolute path including root path.
+// Symlinks are resolved, but are guaranteed to resolve in the root.
+func (r containerRoot) resolve(path string) (string, error) {
+	absolute := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(string(r), path))
+	return symlink.FollowSymlinkInScope(absolute, string(r))
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/ldconfig_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"syscall"
+
+	securejoin "github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/utils"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// pivotRoot will call pivot_root such that rootfs becomes the new root
+// filesystem, and everything else is cleaned up.
+// This is adapted from the implementation here:
+//
+//	https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/blob/e89a29929c775025419ab0d218a43588b4c12b9a/libcontainer/rootfs_linux.go#L1056-L1113
+//
+// With the `mount` and `unmount` calls changed to direct unix.Mount and unix.Unmount calls.
+func pivotRoot(rootfs string) error {
+	// While the documentation may claim otherwise, pivot_root(".", ".") is
+	// actually valid. What this results in is / being the new root but
+	// /proc/self/cwd being the old root. Since we can play around with the cwd
+	// with pivot_root this allows us to pivot without creating directories in
+	// the rootfs. Shout-outs to the LXC developers for giving us this idea.
+
+	oldroot, err := unix.Open("/", unix.O_DIRECTORY|unix.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "open", Path: "/", Err: err}
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(oldroot) //nolint: errcheck
+
+	newroot, err := unix.Open(rootfs, unix.O_DIRECTORY|unix.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "open", Path: rootfs, Err: err}
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(newroot) //nolint: errcheck
+
+	// Change to the new root so that the pivot_root actually acts on it.
+	if err := unix.Fchdir(newroot); err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "fchdir", Path: "fd " + strconv.Itoa(newroot), Err: err}
+	}
+
+	if err := unix.PivotRoot(".", "."); err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "pivot_root", Path: ".", Err: err}
+	}
+
+	// Currently our "." is oldroot (according to the current kernel code).
+	// However, purely for safety, we will fchdir(oldroot) since there isn't
+	// really any guarantee from the kernel what /proc/self/cwd will be after a
+	// pivot_root(2).
+
+	if err := unix.Fchdir(oldroot); err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "fchdir", Path: "fd " + strconv.Itoa(oldroot), Err: err}
+	}
+
+	// Make oldroot rslave to make sure our unmounts don't propagate to the
+	// host (and thus bork the machine). We don't use rprivate because this is
+	// known to cause issues due to races where we still have a reference to a
+	// mount while a process in the host namespace are trying to operate on
+	// something they think has no mounts (devicemapper in particular).
+	if err := unix.Mount("", ".", "", unix.MS_SLAVE|unix.MS_REC, ""); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Perform the unmount. MNT_DETACH allows us to unmount /proc/self/cwd.
+	if err := unix.Unmount(".", unix.MNT_DETACH); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Switch back to our shiny new root.
+	if err := unix.Chdir("/"); err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "chdir", Path: "/", Err: err}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mountLdConfig mounts the host ldconfig to the mount namespace of the hook.
+// We use WithProcfd to perform the mount operations to ensure that the changes
+// are persisted across the pivot root.
+func mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath string, containerRootDirPath string) (string, error) {
+	hostLdconfigInfo, err := os.Stat(hostLdconfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error reading host ldconfig: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	hookScratchDirPath := "/var/run/nvidia-ctk-hook"
+	ldconfigPath := filepath.Join(hookScratchDirPath, "ldconfig")
+	if err := utils.MkdirAllInRoot(containerRootDirPath, hookScratchDirPath, 0755); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating hook scratch folder: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = utils.WithProcfd(containerRootDirPath, hookScratchDirPath, func(hookScratchDirFdPath string) error {
+		return createTmpFs(hookScratchDirFdPath, int(hostLdconfigInfo.Size()))
+
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating tmpfs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := createFileInRoot(containerRootDirPath, ldconfigPath, hostLdconfigInfo.Mode()); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating ldconfig: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = utils.WithProcfd(containerRootDirPath, ldconfigPath, func(ldconfigFdPath string) error {
+		return unix.Mount(hostLdconfigPath, ldconfigFdPath, "", unix.MS_BIND|unix.MS_RDONLY|unix.MS_NODEV|unix.MS_PRIVATE|unix.MS_NOSYMFOLLOW, "")
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error bind mounting host ldconfig: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return ldconfigPath, nil
+}
+
+func createFileInRoot(containerRootDirPath string, destinationPath string, mode os.FileMode) (string, error) {
+	dest, err := securejoin.SecureJoin(containerRootDirPath, destinationPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	// Make the parent directory.
+	destDir, destBase := filepath.Split(dest)
+	destDirFd, err := utils.MkdirAllInRootOpen(containerRootDirPath, destDir, 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating parent dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer destDirFd.Close()
+	// Make the target file. We want to avoid opening any file that is
+	// already there because it could be a "bad" file like an invalid
+	// device or hung tty that might cause a DoS, so we use mknodat.
+	// destBase does not contain any "/" components, and mknodat does
+	// not follow trailing symlinks, so we can safely just call mknodat
+	// here.
+	if err := unix.Mknodat(int(destDirFd.Fd()), destBase, unix.S_IFREG|uint32(mode), 0); err != nil {
+		// If we get EEXIST, there was already an inode there and
+		// we can consider that a success.
+		if !errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating empty file: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return dest, nil
+}
+
+// mountProc mounts a clean proc filesystem in the new root.
+func mountProc(newroot string) error {
+	target := filepath.Join(newroot, "/proc")
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(target, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	return unix.Mount("proc", target, "proc", 0, "")
+}
+
+// createTmpFs creates a tmpfs at the specified location with the specified size.
+func createTmpFs(target string, size int) error {
+	return unix.Mount("tmpfs", target, "tmpfs", 0, fmt.Sprintf("size=%d", size))
+}
+
+// createReexecCommand creates a command that can be used to trigger the reexec
+// initializer.
+// On linux this command runs in new namespaces.
+func createReexecCommand(args []string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := reexec.Command(args...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Cloneflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNS |
+			syscall.CLONE_NEWUTS |
+			syscall.CLONE_NEWIPC |
+			syscall.CLONE_NEWPID |
+			syscall.CLONE_NEWNET,
+	}
+
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/ldconfig_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
+)
+
+func pivotRoot(newroot string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
+}
+
+func mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath string, containerRootDirPath string) (string, error) {
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("not supported")
+}
+
+func mountProc(newroot string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
+}
+
+// createReexecCommand creates a command that can be used ot trigger the reexec
+// initializer.
+func createReexecCommand(args []string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := reexec.Command(args...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/safe-exec_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/exeseal"
+)
+
+// SafeExec attempts to clone the specified binary (as an memfd, for example) before executing it.
+func SafeExec(path string, args []string, envv []string) error {
+	safeExe, err := cloneBinary(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
+		return syscall.Exec(path, args, envv)
+	}
+	defer safeExe.Close()
+
+	exePath := "/proc/self/fd/" + strconv.Itoa(int(safeExe.Fd()))
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
+	return syscall.Exec(exePath, args, envv)
+}
+
+func cloneBinary(path string) (*os.File, error) {
+	exe, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("opening current binary: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer exe.Close()
+
+	stat, err := exe.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking %v size: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	size := stat.Size()
+
+	return exeseal.CloneBinary(exe, size, path, os.TempDir())
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/safe-exec_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import "syscall"
+
+// SafeExec is not implemented on non-linux systems and forwards directly to the
+// Exec syscall.
+func SafeExec(path string, args []string, envv []string) error {
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
+	return syscall.Exec(path, args, envv)
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/update-ldcache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
+)
+
+const (
+	// ldsoconfdFilenamePattern specifies the pattern for the filename
+	// in ld.so.conf.d that includes references to the specified directories.
+	// The 00-nvcr prefix is chosen to ensure that these libraries have a
+	// higher precedence than other libraries on the system, but lower than
+	// the 00-cuda-compat that is included in some containers.
+	ldsoconfdFilenamePattern = "00-nvcr-*.conf"
+
+	reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName = "reexec-update-ldcache"
+)
+
+type command struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+}
+
+type options struct {
+	folders       cli.StringSlice
+	ldconfigPath  string
+	containerSpec string
+}
+
+func init() {
+	reexec.Register(reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName, updateLdCacheHandler)
+	if reexec.Init() {
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+}
+
+// NewCommand constructs an update-ldcache command with the specified logger
+func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
+	c := command{
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+	return c.build()
+}
+
+// build the update-ldcache command
+func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
+	cfg := options{}
+
+	// Create the 'update-ldcache' command
+	c := cli.Command{
+		Name:  "update-ldcache",
+		Usage: "Update ldcache in a container by running ldconfig",
+		Before: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return m.validateFlags(c, &cfg)
+		},
+		Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return m.run(c, &cfg)
+		},
+	}
+
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "folder",
+			Usage:       "Specify a folder to add to /etc/ld.so.conf before updating the ld cache",
+			Destination: &cfg.folders,
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "ldconfig-path",
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to the ldconfig program",
+			Destination: &cfg.ldconfigPath,
+			Value:       "/sbin/ldconfig",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "container-spec",
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to the OCI container spec. If empty or '-' the spec will be read from STDIN",
+			Destination: &cfg.containerSpec,
+		},
+	}
+
+	return &c
+}
+
+func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	if cfg.ldconfigPath == "" {
+		return errors.New("ldconfig-path must be specified")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	s, err := oci.LoadContainerState(cfg.containerSpec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	containerRootDir, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
+	if err != nil || containerRootDir == "" || containerRootDir == "/" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	args := []string{
+		reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName,
+		strings.TrimPrefix(config.NormalizeLDConfigPath("@"+cfg.ldconfigPath), "@"),
+		containerRootDir,
+	}
+	args = append(args, cfg.folders.Value()...)
+
+	cmd := createReexecCommand(args)
+
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+// updateLdCacheHandler wraps updateLdCache with error handling.
+func updateLdCacheHandler() {
+	if err := updateLdCache(os.Args); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Error updating ldcache: %v", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+// updateLdCache is invoked from a reexec'd handler and provides namespace
+// isolation for the operations performed by this hook.
+// At the point where this is invoked, we are in a new mount namespace that is
+// cloned from the parent.
+//
+// args[0] is the reexec initializer function name
+// args[1] is the path of the ldconfig binary on the host
+// args[2] is the container root directory
+// The remaining args are folders that need to be added to the ldcache.
+func updateLdCache(args []string) error {
+	if len(args) < 3 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("incorrect arguments: %v", args)
+	}
+	hostLdconfigPath := args[1]
+	containerRootDirPath := args[2]
+
+	// To prevent leaking the parent proc filesystem, we create a new proc mount
+	// in the container root.
+	if err := mountProc(containerRootDirPath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error mounting /proc: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// We mount the host ldconfig before we pivot root since host paths are not
+	// visible after the pivot root operation.
+	ldconfigPath, err := mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath, containerRootDirPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error mounting host ldconfig: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// We pivot to the container root for the new process, this further limits
+	// access to the host.
+	if err := pivotRoot(containerRootDirPath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error running pivot_root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return runLdconfig(ldconfigPath, args[3:]...)
+}
+
+// runLdconfig runs the ldconfig binary and ensures that the specified directories
+// are processed for the ldcache.
+func runLdconfig(ldconfigPath string, directories ...string) error {
+	args := []string{
+		"ldconfig",
+		// Explicitly specify using /etc/ld.so.conf since the host's ldconfig may
+		// be configured to use a different config file by default.
+		// Note that since we apply the `-r {{ .containerRootDir }}` argument, /etc/ld.so.conf is
+		// in the container.
+		"-f", "/etc/ld.so.conf",
+	}
+
+	containerRoot := containerRoot("/")
+
+	if containerRoot.hasPath("/etc/ld.so.cache") {
+		args = append(args, "-C", "/etc/ld.so.cache")
+	} else {
+		args = append(args, "-N")
+	}
+
+	if containerRoot.hasPath("/etc/ld.so.conf.d") {
+		err := createLdsoconfdFile(ldsoconfdFilenamePattern, directories...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update ld.so.conf.d: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		args = append(args, directories...)
+	}
+
+	return SafeExec(ldconfigPath, args, nil)
+}
+
+// createLdsoconfdFile creates a file at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/.
+// The file is created at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/{{ .pattern }} using `CreateTemp` and
+// contains the specified directories on each line.
+func createLdsoconfdFile(pattern string, dirs ...string) error {
+	if len(dirs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ldsoconfdDir := "/etc/ld.so.conf.d"
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(ldsoconfdDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create ld.so.conf.d: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	configFile, err := os.CreateTemp(ldsoconfdDir, pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = configFile.Close()
+	}()
+
+	added := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, dir := range dirs {
+		if added[dir] {
+			continue
+		}
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(configFile, "%s\n", dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update config file: %w", err)
+		}
+		added[dir] = true
+	}
+
+	// The created file needs to be world readable for the cases where the container is run as a non-root user.
+	if err := configFile.Chmod(0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to chmod config file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/container_config.go

@@ -6,37 +6,18 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
 	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
-)
 
-const (
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
-	envCUDAVersion          = "CUDA_VERSION"
-	envNVRequirePrefix      = "NVIDIA_REQUIRE_"
-	envNVRequireCUDA        = envNVRequirePrefix + "CUDA"
-	envNVDisableRequire     = "NVIDIA_DISABLE_REQUIRE"
-	envNVVisibleDevices     = "NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"
-	envNVMigConfigDevices   = "NVIDIA_MIG_CONFIG_DEVICES"
-	envNVMigMonitorDevices  = "NVIDIA_MIG_MONITOR_DEVICES"
-	envNVDriverCapabilities = "NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES"
-)
-
-const (
-	capSysAdmin = "CAP_SYS_ADMIN"
-)
-
-const (
-	deviceListAsVolumeMountsRoot = "/var/run/nvidia-container-devices"
 )
 
 type nvidiaConfig struct {
-	Devices            string
+	Devices            []string
 	MigConfigDevices   string
 	MigMonitorDevices  string
+	ImexChannels       []string
 	DriverCapabilities string
 	// Requirements defines the requirements DSL for the container to run.
 	// This is empty if no specific requirements are needed, or if requirements are
@@ -74,23 +55,14 @@ type LinuxCapabilities struct {
 	Ambient     []string `json:"ambient,omitempty" platform:"linux"`
 }
 
-// Mount from OCI runtime spec
-// https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/v1.0.0/specs-go/config.go#L103
-type Mount struct {
-	Destination string   `json:"destination"`
-	Type        string   `json:"type,omitempty" platform:"linux,solaris"`
-	Source      string   `json:"source,omitempty"`
-	Options     []string `json:"options,omitempty"`
-}
-
 // Spec from OCI runtime spec
 // We use pointers to structs, similarly to the latest version of runtime-spec:
 // https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/v1.0.0/specs-go/config.go#L5-L28
 type Spec struct {
-	Version *string  `json:"ociVersion"`
+	Version *string       `json:"ociVersion"`
-	Process *Process `json:"process,omitempty"`
+	Process *Process      `json:"process,omitempty"`
-	Root    *Root    `json:"root,omitempty"`
+	Root    *Root         `json:"root,omitempty"`
-	Mounts  []Mount  `json:"mounts,omitempty"`
+	Mounts  []specs.Mount `json:"mounts,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // HookState holds state information about the hook
@@ -127,9 +99,9 @@ func loadSpec(path string) (spec *Spec) {
 	return
 }
 
-func isPrivileged(s *Spec) bool {
+func (s *Spec) GetCapabilities() []string {
-	if s.Process.Capabilities == nil {
+	if s == nil || s.Process == nil || s.Process.Capabilities == nil {
-		return false
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	var caps []string
@@ -142,143 +114,72 @@ func isPrivileged(s *Spec) bool {
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Panicln("could not decode Process.Capabilities in OCI spec:", err)
 		}
-		for _, c := range caps {
+		return caps
-			if c == capSysAdmin {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-		return false
 	}
 
 	// Otherwise, parse s.Process.Capabilities as:
 	// github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/v1.0.0/specs-go/config.go#L30-L54
-	process := specs.Process{
+	capabilities := specs.LinuxCapabilities{}
-		Env: s.Process.Env,
+	err := json.Unmarshal(*s.Process.Capabilities, &capabilities)
-	}
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal(*s.Process.Capabilities, &process.Capabilities)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Panicln("could not decode Process.Capabilities in OCI spec:", err)
 	}
 
-	fullSpec := specs.Spec{
+	return image.OCISpecCapabilities(capabilities).GetCapabilities()
-		Version: *s.Version,
-		Process: &process,
-	}
-
-	return image.IsPrivileged(&fullSpec)
 }
 
-func getDevicesFromEnvvar(image image.CUDA, swarmResourceEnvvars []string) *string {
+func isPrivileged(s *Spec) bool {
-	// We check if the image has at least one of the Swarm resource envvars defined and use this
+	return image.IsPrivileged(s)
-	// if specified.
+}
-	var hasSwarmEnvvar bool
+
-	for _, envvar := range swarmResourceEnvvars {
+func getMigConfigDevices(i image.CUDA) *string {
-		if _, exists := image[envvar]; exists {
+	return getMigDevices(i, image.EnvVarNvidiaMigConfigDevices)
-			hasSwarmEnvvar = true
+}
-			break
+
+func getMigMonitorDevices(i image.CUDA) *string {
+	return getMigDevices(i, image.EnvVarNvidiaMigMonitorDevices)
+}
+
+func getMigDevices(image image.CUDA, envvar string) *string {
+	if !image.HasEnvvar(envvar) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	devices := image.Getenv(envvar)
+	return &devices
+}
+
+func (hookConfig *hookConfig) getImexChannels(image image.CUDA, privileged bool) []string {
+	if hookConfig.Features.IgnoreImexChannelRequests.IsEnabled() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// If enabled, try and get the device list from volume mounts first
+	if hookConfig.AcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts {
+		devices := image.ImexChannelsFromMounts()
+		if len(devices) > 0 {
+			return devices
 		}
 	}
-
+	devices := image.ImexChannelsFromEnvVar()
-	var devices []string
-	if hasSwarmEnvvar {
-		devices = image.DevicesFromEnvvars(swarmResourceEnvvars...).List()
-	} else {
-		devices = image.DevicesFromEnvvars(envNVVisibleDevices).List()
-	}
-
 	if len(devices) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	devicesString := strings.Join(devices, ",")
-
-	return &devicesString
-}
-
-func getDevicesFromMounts(mounts []Mount) *string {
-	var devices []string
-	for _, m := range mounts {
-		root := filepath.Clean(deviceListAsVolumeMountsRoot)
-		source := filepath.Clean(m.Source)
-		destination := filepath.Clean(m.Destination)
-
-		// Only consider mounts who's host volume is /dev/null
-		if source != "/dev/null" {
-			continue
-		}
-		// Only consider container mount points that begin with 'root'
-		if len(destination) < len(root) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if destination[:len(root)] != root {
-			continue
-		}
-		// Grab the full path beyond 'root' and add it to the list of devices
-		device := destination[len(root):]
-		if len(device) > 0 && device[0] == '/' {
-			device = device[1:]
-		}
-		if len(device) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-		devices = append(devices, device)
-	}
-
-	if devices == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	ret := strings.Join(devices, ",")
-	return &ret
-}
-
-func getDevices(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, mounts []Mount, privileged bool) *string {
-	// If enabled, try and get the device list from volume mounts first
-	if hookConfig.AcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts {
-		devices := getDevicesFromMounts(mounts)
-		if devices != nil {
-			return devices
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Fallback to reading from the environment variable if privileges are correct
-	devices := getDevicesFromEnvvar(image, hookConfig.getSwarmResourceEnvvars())
-	if devices == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
 	if privileged || hookConfig.AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged {
 		return devices
 	}
 
-	configName := hookConfig.getConfigOption("AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged")
-	log.Printf("Ignoring devices specified in NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES (privileged=%v, %v=%v) ", privileged, configName, hookConfig.AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged)
-
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getMigConfigDevices(env map[string]string) *string {
+func (hookConfig *hookConfig) getDriverCapabilities(cudaImage image.CUDA, legacyImage bool) image.DriverCapabilities {
-	if devices, ok := env[envNVMigConfigDevices]; ok {
-		return &devices
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func getMigMonitorDevices(env map[string]string) *string {
-	if devices, ok := env[envNVMigMonitorDevices]; ok {
-		return &devices
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *HookConfig) getDriverCapabilities(env map[string]string, legacyImage bool) image.DriverCapabilities {
 	// We use the default driver capabilities by default. This is filtered to only include the
 	// supported capabilities
-	supportedDriverCapabilities := image.NewDriverCapabilities(c.SupportedDriverCapabilities)
+	supportedDriverCapabilities := image.NewDriverCapabilities(hookConfig.SupportedDriverCapabilities)
-
 	capabilities := supportedDriverCapabilities.Intersection(image.DefaultDriverCapabilities)
 
-	capsEnv, capsEnvSpecified := env[envNVDriverCapabilities]
+	capsEnvSpecified := cudaImage.HasEnvvar(image.EnvVarNvidiaDriverCapabilities)
+	capsEnv := cudaImage.Getenv(image.EnvVarNvidiaDriverCapabilities)
 
 	if !capsEnvSpecified && legacyImage {
 		// Environment variable unset with legacy image: set all capabilities.
@@ -297,14 +198,12 @@ func (c *HookConfig) getDriverCapabilities(env map[string]string, legacyImage bo
 	return capabilities
 }
 
-func getNvidiaConfig(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, mounts []Mount, privileged bool) *nvidiaConfig {
+func (hookConfig *hookConfig) getNvidiaConfig(image image.CUDA, privileged bool) *nvidiaConfig {
 	legacyImage := image.IsLegacy()
 
-	var devices string
+	devices := image.VisibleDevices()
-	if d := getDevices(hookConfig, image, mounts, privileged); d != nil {
+	if len(devices) == 0 {
-		devices = *d
+		// empty devices means this is not a GPU container.
-	} else {
-		// 'nil' devices means this is not a GPU container.
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -324,6 +223,8 @@ func getNvidiaConfig(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, mounts []Mount, p
 		log.Panicln("cannot set MIG_MONITOR_DEVICES in non privileged container")
 	}
 
+	imexChannels := hookConfig.getImexChannels(image, privileged)
+
 	driverCapabilities := hookConfig.getDriverCapabilities(image, legacyImage).String()
 
 	requirements, err := image.GetRequirements()
@@ -335,12 +236,13 @@ func getNvidiaConfig(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, mounts []Mount, p
 		Devices:            devices,
 		MigConfigDevices:   migConfigDevices,
 		MigMonitorDevices:  migMonitorDevices,
+		ImexChannels:       imexChannels,
 		DriverCapabilities: driverCapabilities,
 		Requirements:       requirements,
 	}
 }
 
-func getContainerConfig(hook HookConfig) (config containerConfig) {
+func (hookConfig *hookConfig) getContainerConfig() (config containerConfig) {
 	var h HookState
 	d := json.NewDecoder(os.Stdin)
 	if err := d.Decode(&h); err != nil {
@@ -354,19 +256,25 @@ func getContainerConfig(hook HookConfig) (config containerConfig) {
 
 	s := loadSpec(path.Join(b, "config.json"))
 
-	image, err := image.New(
+	privileged := isPrivileged(s)
+
+	i, err := image.New(
 		image.WithEnv(s.Process.Env),
-		image.WithDisableRequire(hook.DisableRequire),
+		image.WithMounts(s.Mounts),
+		image.WithPrivileged(privileged),
+		image.WithDisableRequire(hookConfig.DisableRequire),
+		image.WithAcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts(hookConfig.AcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts),
+		image.WithAcceptEnvvarUnprivileged(hookConfig.AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged),
+		image.WithPreferredVisibleDevicesEnvVars(hookConfig.getSwarmResourceEnvvars()...),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Panicln(err)
 	}
 
-	privileged := isPrivileged(s)
 	return containerConfig{
 		Pid:    h.Pid,
 		Rootfs: s.Root.Path,
-		Image:  image,
+		Image:  i,
-		Nvidia: getNvidiaConfig(&hook, image, s.Mounts, privileged),
+		Nvidia: hookConfig.getNvidiaConfig(i, privileged),
 	}
 }

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/hook_config.go

@@ -17,18 +17,10 @@ const (
 	driverPath = "/run/nvidia/driver"
 )
 
-var defaultPaths = [...]string{}
+// hookConfig wraps the toolkit config.
-
+// This allows for functions to be defined on the local type.
-// HookConfig : options for the nvidia-container-runtime-hook.
+type hookConfig struct {
-type HookConfig config.Config
+	*config.Config
-
-func getDefaultHookConfig() (HookConfig, error) {
-	defaultCfg, err := config.GetDefault()
-	if err != nil {
-		return HookConfig{}, err
-	}
-
-	return *(*HookConfig)(defaultCfg), nil
 }
 
 // loadConfig loads the required paths for the hook config.
@@ -58,12 +50,12 @@ func loadConfig() (*config.Config, error) {
 	return config.GetDefault()
 }
 
-func getHookConfig() (*HookConfig, error) {
+func getHookConfig() (*hookConfig, error) {
 	cfg, err := loadConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load config: %v", err)
 	}
-	config := (*HookConfig)(cfg)
+	config := &hookConfig{cfg}
 
 	allSupportedDriverCapabilities := image.SupportedDriverCapabilities
 	if config.SupportedDriverCapabilities == "all" {
@@ -81,7 +73,7 @@ func getHookConfig() (*HookConfig, error) {
 
 // getConfigOption returns the toml config option associated with the
 // specified struct field.
-func (c HookConfig) getConfigOption(fieldName string) string {
+func (c hookConfig) getConfigOption(fieldName string) string {
 	t := reflect.TypeOf(c)
 	f, ok := t.FieldByName(fieldName)
 	if !ok {
@@ -95,8 +87,8 @@ func (c HookConfig) getConfigOption(fieldName string) string {
 }
 
 // getSwarmResourceEnvvars returns the swarm resource envvars for the config.
-func (c *HookConfig) getSwarmResourceEnvvars() []string {
+func (c *hookConfig) getSwarmResourceEnvvars() []string {
-	if c.SwarmResource == "" {
+	if c == nil || c.SwarmResource == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -112,3 +104,26 @@ func (c *HookConfig) getSwarmResourceEnvvars() []string {
 
 	return envvars
 }
+
+// nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags returns required --cuda-compat-mode
+// flag(s) depending on the hook and runtime configurations.
+func (c *hookConfig) nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags() []string {
+	var flag string
+	switch c.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Modes.Legacy.CUDACompatMode {
+	case config.CUDACompatModeLdconfig:
+		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=ldconfig"
+	case config.CUDACompatModeMount:
+		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=mount"
+	case config.CUDACompatModeDisabled, config.CUDACompatModeHook:
+		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=disabled"
+	default:
+		if !c.Features.AllowCUDACompatLibsFromContainer.IsEnabled() {
+			flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=disabled"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if flag == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []string{flag}
+}

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/hook_config_test.go

@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
 )
 
 func TestGetHookConfig(t *testing.T) {
@@ -83,15 +85,15 @@ func TestGetHookConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				configflag = &filename
 
 				for _, line := range tc.lines {
-					_, err := configFile.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", line))
+					_, err := fmt.Fprintf(configFile, "%s\n", line)
 					require.NoError(t, err)
 				}
 			}
 
-			var config HookConfig
+			var cfg hookConfig
 			getHookConfig := func() {
 				c, _ := getHookConfig()
-				config = *c
+				cfg = *c
 			}
 
 			if tc.expectedPanic {
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ func TestGetHookConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 			getHookConfig()
 
-			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDriverCapabilities, config.SupportedDriverCapabilities)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDriverCapabilities, cfg.SupportedDriverCapabilities)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -143,8 +145,10 @@ func TestGetSwarmResourceEnvvars(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			c := &HookConfig{
+			c := &hookConfig{
-				SwarmResource: tc.value,
+				Config: &config.Config{
+					SwarmResource: tc.value,
+				},
 			}
 
 			envvars := c.getSwarmResourceEnvvars()

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/main.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func doPrestart() {
 	}
 	cli := hook.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig
 
-	container := getContainerConfig(*hook)
+	container := hook.getContainerConfig()
 	nvidia := container.Nvidia
 	if nvidia == nil {
 		// Not a GPU container, nothing to do.
@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ func doPrestart() {
 	if cli.LoadKmods {
 		args = append(args, "--load-kmods")
 	}
+	if hook.Features.DisableImexChannelCreation.IsEnabled() {
+		args = append(args, "--no-create-imex-channels")
+	}
 	if cli.NoPivot {
 		args = append(args, "--no-pivot")
 	}
@@ -111,14 +114,16 @@ func doPrestart() {
 	}
 	args = append(args, "configure")
 
-	if cli.Ldconfig != "" {
+	args = append(args, hook.nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags()...)
-		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--ldconfig=%s", cli.Ldconfig))
+
+	if ldconfigPath := cli.NormalizeLDConfigPath(); ldconfigPath != "" {
+		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--ldconfig=%s", ldconfigPath))
 	}
 	if cli.NoCgroups {
 		args = append(args, "--no-cgroups")
 	}
-	if len(nvidia.Devices) > 0 {
+	if devicesString := strings.Join(nvidia.Devices, ","); len(devicesString) > 0 {
-		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--device=%s", nvidia.Devices))
+		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--device=%s", devicesString))
 	}
 	if len(nvidia.MigConfigDevices) > 0 {
 		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--mig-config=%s", nvidia.MigConfigDevices))
@@ -126,6 +131,9 @@ func doPrestart() {
 	if len(nvidia.MigMonitorDevices) > 0 {
 		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--mig-monitor=%s", nvidia.MigMonitorDevices))
 	}
+	if imexString := strings.Join(nvidia.ImexChannels, ","); len(imexString) > 0 {
+		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--imex-channel=%s", imexString))
+	}
 
 	for _, cap := range strings.Split(nvidia.DriverCapabilities, ",") {
 		if len(cap) == 0 {
@@ -142,6 +150,7 @@ func doPrestart() {
 	args = append(args, rootfs)
 
 	env := append(os.Environ(), cli.Environment...)
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection?
 	err = syscall.Exec(args[0], args, env)
 	log.Panicln("exec failed:", err)
 }

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime/README.md

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ The `runtimes` config option allows for the low-level runtime to be specified. T
 The default value for this setting is:
 ```toml
 runtimes = [
-    "docker-runc",
     "runc",
+    "crun",
 ]
 ```
 
@@ -85,3 +85,126 @@ Alternatively the NVIDIA Container Runtime can be set as the default runtime for
     }
 }
 ```
+
+## Environment variables (OCI spec)
+
+Each environment variable maps to an command-line argument for `nvidia-container-cli` from [libnvidia-container](https://github.com/NVIDIA/libnvidia-container).
+These variables are already set in our [official CUDA images](https://hub.docker.com/r/nvidia/cuda/).
+
+### `NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`
+This variable controls which GPUs will be made accessible inside the container.
+
+#### Possible values
+* `0,1,2`, `GPU-fef8089b` …: a comma-separated list of GPU UUID(s) or index(es).
+* `all`: all GPUs will be accessible, this is the default value in our container images.
+* `none`: no GPU will be accessible, but driver capabilities will be enabled.
+* `void` or *empty* or *unset*: `nvidia-container-runtime` will have the same behavior as `runc`.
+
+**Note**: When running on a MIG capable device, the following values will also be available:
+* `0:0,0:1,1:0`, `MIG-GPU-fef8089b/0/1` …: a comma-separated list of MIG Device UUID(s) or index(es).
+
+Where the MIG device indices have the form `<GPU Device Index>:<MIG Device Index>` as seen in the example output:
+```
+$ nvidia-smi -L
+GPU 0: Graphics Device (UUID: GPU-b8ea3855-276c-c9cb-b366-c6fa655957c5)
+  MIG Device 0: (UUID: MIG-GPU-b8ea3855-276c-c9cb-b366-c6fa655957c5/1/0)
+  MIG Device 1: (UUID: MIG-GPU-b8ea3855-276c-c9cb-b366-c6fa655957c5/1/1)
+  MIG Device 2: (UUID: MIG-GPU-b8ea3855-276c-c9cb-b366-c6fa655957c5/11/0)
+```
+
+### `NVIDIA_MIG_CONFIG_DEVICES`
+This variable controls which of the visible GPUs can have their MIG
+configuration managed from within the container. This includes enabling and
+disabling MIG mode, creating and destroying GPU Instances and Compute
+Instances, etc.
+
+#### Possible values
+* `all`: Allow all MIG-capable GPUs in the visible device list to have their
+  MIG configurations managed.
+
+**Note**:
+* This feature is only available on MIG capable devices (e.g. the A100).
+* To use this feature, the container must be started with `CAP_SYS_ADMIN` privileges.
+* When not running as `root`, the container user must have read access to the
+  `/proc/driver/nvidia/capabilities/mig/config` file on the host.
+
+### `NVIDIA_MIG_MONITOR_DEVICES`
+This variable controls which of the visible GPUs can have aggregate information
+about all of their MIG devices monitored from within the container. This
+includes inspecting the aggregate memory usage, listing the aggregate running
+processes, etc.
+
+#### Possible values
+* `all`: Allow all MIG-capable GPUs in the visible device list to have their
+  MIG devices monitored.
+
+**Note**:
+* This feature is only available on MIG capable devices (e.g. the A100).
+* To use this feature, the container must be started with `CAP_SYS_ADMIN` privileges.
+* When not running as `root`, the container user must have read access to the
+  `/proc/driver/nvidia/capabilities/mig/monitor` file on the host.
+
+### `NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES`
+This option controls which driver libraries/binaries will be mounted inside the container.
+
+#### Possible values
+* `compute,video`, `graphics,utility` …: a comma-separated list of driver features the container needs.
+* `all`: enable all available driver capabilities.
+* *empty* or *unset*: use default driver capability: `utility,compute`.
+
+#### Supported driver capabilities
+* `compute`: required for CUDA and OpenCL applications.
+* `compat32`: required for running 32-bit applications.
+* `graphics`: required for running OpenGL and Vulkan applications.
+* `utility`: required for using `nvidia-smi` and NVML.
+* `video`: required for using the Video Codec SDK.
+* `display`: required for leveraging X11 display.
+
+### `NVIDIA_REQUIRE_*`
+A logical expression to define constraints on the configurations supported by the container.
+
+#### Supported constraints
+* `cuda`: constraint on the CUDA driver version.
+* `driver`: constraint on the driver version.
+* `arch`: constraint on the compute architectures of the selected GPUs.
+* `brand`: constraint on the brand of the selected GPUs (e.g. GeForce, Tesla, GRID).
+
+#### Expressions
+Multiple constraints can be expressed in a single environment variable: space-separated constraints are ORed, comma-separated constraints are ANDed.
+Multiple environment variables of the form `NVIDIA_REQUIRE_*` are ANDed together.
+
+### `NVIDIA_DISABLE_REQUIRE`
+Single switch to disable all the constraints of the form `NVIDIA_REQUIRE_*`.
+
+### `NVIDIA_REQUIRE_CUDA`
+
+The version of the CUDA toolkit used by the container. It is an instance of the generic `NVIDIA_REQUIRE_*` case and it is set by official CUDA images.
+If the version of the NVIDIA driver is insufficient to run this version of CUDA, the container will not be started.
+
+#### Possible values
+* `cuda>=7.5`, `cuda>=8.0`, `cuda>=9.0` …: any valid CUDA version in the form `major.minor`.
+
+### `CUDA_VERSION`
+Similar to `NVIDIA_REQUIRE_CUDA`, for legacy CUDA images.
+In addition, if `NVIDIA_REQUIRE_CUDA` is not set, `NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES` and `NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES` will default to `all`.
+
+## Usage example
+
+**NOTE:** The use of the `nvidia-container-runtime` as CLI replacement for `runc` is uncommon and is only provided for completeness.
+
+Although the `nvidia-container-runtime` is typically configured as a replacement for `runc` or `crun` in various container engines, it can also be
+invoked from the command line as `runc` would. For example:
+
+```sh
+# Setup a rootfs based on Ubuntu 16.04
+cd $(mktemp -d) && mkdir rootfs
+curl -sS http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/16.04/release/ubuntu-base-16.04.6-base-amd64.tar.gz | tar --exclude 'dev/*' -C rootfs -xz
+
+# Create an OCI runtime spec
+nvidia-container-runtime spec
+sed -i 's;"sh";"nvidia-smi";' config.json
+sed -i 's;\("TERM=xterm"\);\1, "NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0";' config.json
+
+# Run the container
+sudo nvidia-container-runtime run nvidia_smi
+```

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime/main_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -11,19 +11,20 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/modifier"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
 	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/modifier"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
 )
 
 const (
 	nvidiaRuntime            = "nvidia-container-runtime"
 	nvidiaHook               = "nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
-	bundlePathSuffix         = "test/output/bundle/"
+	bundlePathSuffix         = "tests/output/bundle/"
 	specFile                 = "config.json"
-	unmodifiedSpecFileSuffix = "test/input/test_spec.json"
+	unmodifiedSpecFileSuffix = "tests/input/test_spec.json"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -45,8 +46,8 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("error in test setup: could not get module root: %v", err)
 	}
-	testBinPath := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "test", "bin")
+	testBinPath := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "tests", "bin")
-	testInputPath := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "test", "input")
+	testInputPath := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "tests", "input")
 
 	// Set the environment variables for the test
 	os.Setenv("PATH", test.PrependToPath(testBinPath, moduleRoot))
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ func TestBadInput(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
 	cmdCreate := exec.Command(nvidiaRuntime, "create", "--bundle")
 	t.Logf("executing: %s\n", strings.Join(cmdCreate.Args, " "))
 	err = cmdCreate.Run()
@@ -103,6 +105,7 @@ func TestGoodInput(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("error generating runtime spec: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
 	cmdRun := exec.Command(nvidiaRuntime, "run", "--bundle", cfg.bundlePath(), "testcontainer")
 	t.Logf("executing: %s\n", strings.Join(cmdRun.Args, " "))
 	output, err := cmdRun.CombinedOutput()
@@ -113,6 +116,7 @@ func TestGoodInput(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err, "should be no errors when reading and parsing spec from config.json")
 	require.Empty(t, spec.Hooks, "there should be no hooks in config.json")
 
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
 	cmdCreate := exec.Command(nvidiaRuntime, "create", "--bundle", cfg.bundlePath(), "testcontainer")
 	t.Logf("executing: %s\n", strings.Join(cmdCreate.Args, " "))
 	err = cmdCreate.Run()
@@ -158,6 +162,7 @@ func TestDuplicateHook(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Test how runtime handles already existing prestart hook in config.json
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
 	cmdCreate := exec.Command(nvidiaRuntime, "create", "--bundle", cfg.bundlePath(), "testcontainer")
 	t.Logf("executing: %s\n", strings.Join(cmdCreate.Args, " "))
 	output, err := cmdCreate.CombinedOutput()
@@ -188,15 +193,16 @@ func (c testConfig) getRuntimeSpec() (specs.Spec, error) {
 	}
 	defer jsonFile.Close()
 
-	jsonContent, err := ioutil.ReadAll(jsonFile)
+	jsonContent, err := io.ReadAll(jsonFile)
-	if err != nil {
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
 		return spec, err
-	} else if json.Valid(jsonContent) {
+	case json.Valid(jsonContent):
 		err = json.Unmarshal(jsonContent, &spec)
 		if err != nil {
 			return spec, err
 		}
-	} else {
+	default:
 		err = json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(jsonContent)).Decode(&spec)
 		if err != nil {
 			return spec, err
@@ -226,6 +232,7 @@ func (c testConfig) generateNewRuntimeSpec() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
 	cmd := exec.Command("cp", c.unmodifiedSpecFile(), c.specFilePath())
 	err = cmd.Run()
 	if err != nil {

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/container.go

@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/operator"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -35,8 +36,15 @@ const (
 
 // Options defines the shared options for the CLIs to configure containers runtimes.
 type Options struct {
-	Config        string
+	Config string
-	Socket        string
+	Socket string
+	// ExecutablePath specifies the path to the container runtime executable.
+	// This is used to extract the current config, for example.
+	// If a HostRootMount is specified, this path is relative to the host root
+	// mount.
+	ExecutablePath string
+	// EnabledCDI indicates whether CDI should be enabled.
+	EnableCDI     bool
 	RuntimeName   string
 	RuntimeDir    string
 	SetAsDefault  bool
@@ -110,6 +118,10 @@ func (o Options) UpdateConfig(cfg engine.Interface) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if o.EnableCDI {
+		cfg.EnableCDI()
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -157,6 +169,7 @@ func (o Options) SystemdRestart(service string) error {
 
 	logrus.Infof("Restarting %v%v using systemd: %v", service, msg, args)
 
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
 	cmd := exec.Command(args[0], args[1:]...)
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator/operator.go

@@ -20,19 +20,17 @@ import "path/filepath"
 
 const (
 	defaultRuntimeName = "nvidia"
-
-	defaultRoot = "/usr/bin"
 )
 
 // Runtime defines a runtime to be configured.
-// The path and whether the runtime is the default runtime can be specfied
+// The path and whether the runtime is the default runtime can be specified
 type Runtime struct {
 	name         string
 	Path         string
 	SetAsDefault bool
 }
 
-// Runtimes defines a set of runtimes to be configure for use in the GPU Operator
+// Runtimes defines a set of runtimes to be configured for use in the GPU Operator
 type Runtimes map[string]Runtime
 
 type config struct {
@@ -48,9 +46,6 @@ func GetRuntimes(opts ...Option) Runtimes {
 		opt(c)
 	}
 
-	if c.root == "" {
-		c.root = defaultRoot
-	}
 	if c.nvidiaRuntimeName == "" {
 		c.nvidiaRuntimeName = defaultRuntimeName
 	}
@@ -76,8 +71,8 @@ func (r Runtimes) DefaultRuntimeName() string {
 }
 
 // Add a runtime to the set of runtimes.
-func (r *Runtimes) add(runtime Runtime) {
+func (r Runtimes) add(runtime Runtime) {
-	(*r)[runtime.name] = runtime
+	r[runtime.name] = runtime
 }
 
 // nvidiaRuntime creates a runtime that corresponds to the nvidia runtime.

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator/operator_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ func TestOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		setAsDefault           bool
 		nvidiaRuntimeName      string
-		root                   string
 		expectedDefaultRuntime string
 		expectedRuntimes       Runtimes
 	}{
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ func TestOptions(t *testing.T) {
 			runtimes := GetRuntimes(
 				WithNvidiaRuntimeName(tc.nvidiaRuntimeName),
 				WithSetAsDefault(tc.setAsDefault),
-				WithRoot(tc.root),
+				WithRoot("/usr/bin"),
 			)
 
 			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedRuntimes, runtimes)

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/config_v1_test.go

@@ -14,19 +14,22 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 */
 
-package main
+package containerd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
 )
 
 func TestUpdateV1ConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
 
 	testCases := []struct {
@@ -79,51 +82,48 @@ func TestUpdateV1ConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := &options{
+			o := &container.Options{
-				Options: container.Options{
+				RuntimeName:  tc.runtimeName,
-					RuntimeName:  tc.runtimeName,
+				RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
-					RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
+				SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
-					SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
-				},
-				runtimeType:     runtimeType,
-				useLegacyConfig: tc.legacyConfig,
 			}
 
-			config, err := toml.TreeFromMap(map[string]interface{}{})
+			v1, err := containerd.New(
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
-
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.Empty),
-			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
-				Tree:                  config,
+				containerd.WithUseLegacyConfig(tc.legacyConfig),
-				UseDefaultRuntimeName: !tc.legacyConfig,
+				containerd.WithConfigVersion(1),
-				RuntimeType:           runtimeType,
+			)
-			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v1)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			defaultRuntimeName := v1.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "default_runtime_name"})
+			cfg := v1.(*containerd.ConfigV1)
-			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeName, defaultRuntimeName, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			defaultRuntimeName := cfg.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "default_runtime_name"})
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeName, defaultRuntimeName)
 
-			defaultRuntime := v1.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "default_runtime"})
+			defaultRuntime := cfg.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "default_runtime"})
 			if tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeBinary == nil {
-				require.Nil(t, defaultRuntime, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+				require.Nil(t, defaultRuntime)
 			} else {
 				require.NotNil(t, defaultRuntime)
 
 				expected, err := defaultRuntimeTomlConfigV1(tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeBinary.(string))
-				require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
 
 				configContents, _ := toml.Marshal(defaultRuntime.(*toml.Tree))
 				expectedContents, _ := toml.Marshal(expected)
 
 				require.Equal(t, string(expectedContents), string(configContents), "%d: %v: %v", i, tc)
 			}
-
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestUpdateV1Config(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
 
 	testCases := []struct {
@@ -228,35 +228,33 @@ func TestUpdateV1Config(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := &options{
+			o := &container.Options{
-				Options: container.Options{
+				RuntimeName: tc.runtimeName,
-					RuntimeName: tc.runtimeName,
+				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
-					RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
-				},
 			}
 
-			config, err := toml.TreeFromMap(map[string]interface{}{})
+			v1, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.Empty),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithConfigVersion(1),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
-				Tree:                  config,
-				UseDefaultRuntimeName: true,
-				RuntimeType:           runtimeType,
-				ContainerAnnotations:  []string{"cdi.k8s.io/*"},
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v1)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expectedConfig)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), config.String())
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v1.String())
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestUpdateV1ConfigWithRuncPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
 
 	testCases := []struct {
@@ -387,35 +385,78 @@ func TestUpdateV1ConfigWithRuncPresent(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := &options{
+			o := &container.Options{
-				Options: container.Options{
+				RuntimeName: tc.runtimeName,
-					RuntimeName: tc.runtimeName,
+				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
-					RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
-				},
 			}
 
-			config, err := toml.TreeFromMap(runcConfigMapV1("/runc-binary"))
+			v1, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.FromMap(runcConfigMapV1("/runc-binary"))),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithConfigVersion(1),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
-				Tree:                  config,
-				UseDefaultRuntimeName: true,
-				RuntimeType:           runtimeType,
-				ContainerAnnotations:  []string{"cdi.k8s.io/*"},
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v1)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expectedConfig)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), config.String())
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v1.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateV1EnableCDI(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		enableCDI              bool
+		expectedEnableCDIValue interface{}
+	}{
+		{},
+		{
+			enableCDI:              false,
+			expectedEnableCDIValue: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			enableCDI:              true,
+			expectedEnableCDIValue: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%v", tc.enableCDI), func(t *testing.T) {
+			o := &container.Options{
+				EnableCDI:   tc.enableCDI,
+				RuntimeName: "nvidia",
+				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := toml.Empty.Load()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
+				Logger:      logger,
+				Tree:        cfg,
+				RuntimeType: runtimeType,
+			}
+
+			err = o.UpdateConfig(v1)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			enableCDIValue := v1.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "enable_cdi"})
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedEnableCDIValue, enableCDIValue)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestRevertV1Config(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 	testCases := []struct {
 		config map[string]interface {
 		}
@@ -465,31 +506,26 @@ func TestRevertV1Config(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := &options{
+			o := &container.Options{
-				Options: container.Options{
+				RuntimeName: "nvidia",
-					RuntimeName: "nvidia",
-				},
 			}
 
-			config, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.config)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
-
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expected)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
+			v1, err := containerd.New(
-				Tree:                  config,
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
-				UseDefaultRuntimeName: true,
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.FromMap(tc.config)),
-				RuntimeType:           runtimeType,
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
-			}
+
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			err = o.RevertConfig(v1)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			configContents, _ := toml.Marshal(config)
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v1.String())
-			expectedContents, _ := toml.Marshal(expected)
-
-			require.Equal(t, string(expectedContents), string(configContents), "%d: %v", i, tc)
 		})
 	}
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/config_v2_test.go

@@ -14,16 +14,18 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 */
 
-package main
+package containerd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 func TestUpdateV2ConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
 
 	testCases := []struct {
@@ -63,34 +66,34 @@ func TestUpdateV2ConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := &options{
+			o := &container.Options{
-				Options: container.Options{
+				RuntimeName:  tc.runtimeName,
-					RuntimeName:  tc.runtimeName,
+				RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
-					RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
+				SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
-					SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
-				},
 			}
 
-			config, err := toml.TreeFromMap(map[string]interface{}{})
+			v2, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.Empty),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v2 := &containerd.Config{
-				Tree:        config,
-				RuntimeType: runtimeType,
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			defaultRuntimeName := config.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri", "containerd", "default_runtime_name"})
+			cfg := v2.(*containerd.Config)
+
+			defaultRuntimeName := cfg.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri", "containerd", "default_runtime_name"})
 			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeName, defaultRuntimeName)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestUpdateV2Config(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
-	const expectedVersion = int64(2)
 
 	testCases := []struct {
 		runtimeName    string
@@ -188,36 +191,33 @@ func TestUpdateV2Config(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := &options{
+			o := &container.Options{
-				Options: container.Options{
+				RuntimeName: tc.runtimeName,
-					RuntimeName: tc.runtimeName,
+				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
-					RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
-				},
-				runtimeType: runtimeType,
 			}
 
-			config, err := toml.TreeFromMap(map[string]interface{}{})
+			v2, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.Empty),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v2 := &containerd.Config{
-				Tree:                 config,
-				RuntimeType:          runtimeType,
-				ContainerAnnotations: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/*"},
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expectedConfig)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), config.String())
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v2.String())
 		})
 	}
 
 }
 
 func TestUpdateV2ConfigWithRuncPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
 
 	testCases := []struct {
@@ -342,34 +342,80 @@ func TestUpdateV2ConfigWithRuncPresent(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := &options{
+			o := &container.Options{
-				Options: container.Options{
+				RuntimeName: tc.runtimeName,
-					RuntimeName: tc.runtimeName,
+				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
-					RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
-				},
 			}
 
-			config, err := toml.TreeFromMap(runcConfigMapV2("/runc-binary"))
+			v2, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.FromMap(runcConfigMapV2("/runc-binary"))),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v2 := &containerd.Config{
-				Tree:                 config,
-				RuntimeType:          runtimeType,
-				ContainerAnnotations: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/*"},
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expectedConfig)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), config.String())
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v2.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateV2ConfigEnableCDI(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		enableCDI              bool
+		expectedEnableCDIValue interface{}
+	}{
+		{},
+		{
+			enableCDI:              false,
+			expectedEnableCDIValue: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			enableCDI:              true,
+			expectedEnableCDIValue: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%v", tc.enableCDI), func(t *testing.T) {
+			o := &container.Options{
+				EnableCDI:    tc.enableCDI,
+				RuntimeName:  "nvidia",
+				RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
+				SetAsDefault: false,
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := toml.LoadMap(map[string]interface{}{})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			v2 := &containerd.Config{
+				Logger:               logger,
+				Tree:                 cfg,
+				RuntimeType:          runtimeType,
+				CRIRuntimePluginName: "io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri",
+			}
+
+			err = o.UpdateConfig(v2)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			enableCDIValue := cfg.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri", "enable_cdi"})
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedEnableCDIValue, enableCDIValue)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestRevertV2Config(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
 	testCases := []struct {
 		config map[string]interface {
 		}
@@ -414,30 +460,25 @@ func TestRevertV2Config(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := &options{
+			o := &container.Options{
-				Options: container.Options{
+				RuntimeName: "nvidia",
-					RuntimeName: "nvidia",
-				},
 			}
 
-			config, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.config)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expected)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v2 := &containerd.Config{
+			v2, err := containerd.New(
-				Tree:        config,
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
-				RuntimeType: runtimeType,
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.FromMap(tc.config)),
-			}
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			err = o.RevertConfig(v2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			configContents, _ := toml.Marshal(config)
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v2.String())
-			expectedContents, _ := toml.Marshal(expected)
-
-			require.Equal(t, string(expectedContents), string(configContents))
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -456,6 +497,7 @@ func runtimeMapV2(binary string) map[string]interface{} {
 
 func runcConfigMapV2(binary string) map[string]interface{} {
 	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"version": 2,
 		"plugins": map[string]interface{}{
 			"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri": map[string]interface{}{
 				"containerd": map[string]interface{}{

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/containerd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2021, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package containerd
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
+)
+
+const (
+	Name = "containerd"
+
+	DefaultConfig      = "/etc/containerd/config.toml"
+	DefaultSocket      = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
+	DefaultRestartMode = "signal"
+
+	defaultRuntmeType = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+)
+
+// Options stores the containerd-specific options
+type Options struct {
+	useLegacyConfig bool
+	runtimeType     string
+
+	ContainerRuntimeModesCDIAnnotationPrefixes cli.StringSlice
+
+	runtimeConfigOverrideJSON string
+}
+
+func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
+	flags := []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name: "use-legacy-config",
+			Usage: "Specify whether a legacy (pre v1.3) config should be used. " +
+				"This ensures that a version 1 container config is created by default and that the " +
+				"containerd.runtimes.default_runtime config section is used to define the default " +
+				"runtime instead of container.default_runtime_name.",
+			Destination: &opts.useLegacyConfig,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CONTAINERD_USE_LEGACY_CONFIG"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "runtime-type",
+			Usage:       "The runtime_type to use for the configured runtime classes",
+			Value:       defaultRuntmeType,
+			Destination: &opts.runtimeType,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CONTAINERD_RUNTIME_TYPE"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-runtime-modes.cdi.annotation-prefixes",
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerRuntimeModesCDIAnnotationPrefixes,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_RUNTIME_MODES_CDI_ANNOTATION_PREFIXES"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "runtime-config-override",
+			Destination: &opts.runtimeConfigOverrideJSON,
+			Usage:       "specify additional runtime options as a JSON string. The paths are relative to the runtime config.",
+			Value:       "{}",
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_CONFIG_OVERRIDE", "CONTAINERD_RUNTIME_CONFIG_OVERRIDE"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	return flags
+}
+
+// Setup updates a containerd configuration to include the nvidia-containerd-runtime and reloads it
+func Setup(c *cli.Context, o *container.Options, co *Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Starting 'setup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	cfg, err := getRuntimeConfig(o, co)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to load config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = o.Configure(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to configure containerd: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = RestartContainerd(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to restart containerd: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Completed 'setup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Cleanup reverts a containerd configuration to remove the nvidia-containerd-runtime and reloads it
+func Cleanup(c *cli.Context, o *container.Options, co *Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Starting 'cleanup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	cfg, err := getRuntimeConfig(o, co)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to load config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = o.Unconfigure(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to unconfigure containerd: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = RestartContainerd(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to restart containerd: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Completed 'cleanup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RestartContainerd restarts containerd depending on the value of restartModeFlag
+func RestartContainerd(o *container.Options) error {
+	return o.Restart("containerd", SignalContainerd)
+}
+
+// containerAnnotationsFromCDIPrefixes returns the container annotations to set for the given CDI prefixes.
+func (o *Options) containerAnnotationsFromCDIPrefixes() []string {
+	var annotations []string
+	for _, prefix := range o.ContainerRuntimeModesCDIAnnotationPrefixes.Value() {
+		annotations = append(annotations, prefix+"*")
+	}
+
+	return annotations
+}
+
+func (o *Options) runtimeConfigOverride() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	if o.runtimeConfigOverrideJSON == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	runtimeOptions := make(map[string]interface{})
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(o.runtimeConfigOverrideJSON), &runtimeOptions); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read %v as JSON: %w", o.runtimeConfigOverrideJSON, err)
+	}
+
+	return runtimeOptions, nil
+}
+
+func GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(o *container.Options, co *Options) ([]string, error) {
+	cfg, err := getRuntimeConfig(o, co)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load containerd config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return engine.GetBinaryPathsForRuntimes(cfg), nil
+}
+
+func getRuntimeConfig(o *container.Options, co *Options) (engine.Interface, error) {
+	return containerd.New(
+		containerd.WithPath(o.Config),
+		containerd.WithConfigSource(
+			toml.LoadFirst(
+				containerd.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount, o.ExecutablePath),
+				toml.FromFile(o.Config),
+			),
+		),
+		containerd.WithRuntimeType(co.runtimeType),
+		containerd.WithUseLegacyConfig(co.useLegacyConfig),
+		containerd.WithContainerAnnotations(co.containerAnnotationsFromCDIPrefixes()...),
+	)
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/containerd_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2020-2023 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package containerd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	reloadBackoff     = 5 * time.Second
+	maxReloadAttempts = 6
+
+	socketMessageToGetPID = ""
+)
+
+// SignalContainerd sends a SIGHUP signal to the containerd daemon
+func SignalContainerd(socket string) error {
+	log.Infof("Sending SIGHUP signal to containerd")
+
+	// Wrap the logic to perform the SIGHUP in a function so we can retry it on failure
+	retriable := func() error {
+		conn, err := net.Dial("unix", socket)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to dial: %v", err)
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		sconn, err := conn.(*net.UnixConn).SyscallConn()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to get syscall connection: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		err1 := sconn.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+			err = syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_PASSCRED, 1)
+		})
+		if err1 != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to issue call on socket fd: %v", err1)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to SetsockoptInt on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		_, _, err = conn.(*net.UnixConn).WriteMsgUnix([]byte(socketMessageToGetPID), nil, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to WriteMsgUnix on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		oob := make([]byte, 1024)
+		_, oobn, _, _, err := conn.(*net.UnixConn).ReadMsgUnix(nil, oob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to ReadMsgUnix on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		oob = oob[:oobn]
+		scm, err := syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to ParseSocketControlMessage from message received on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		ucred, err := syscall.ParseUnixCredentials(&scm[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to ParseUnixCredentials from message received on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		err = syscall.Kill(int(ucred.Pid), syscall.SIGHUP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to send SIGHUP to 'containerd' process: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Try to send a SIGHUP up to maxReloadAttempts times
+	var err error
+	for i := 0; i < maxReloadAttempts; i++ {
+		err = retriable()
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if i == maxReloadAttempts-1 {
+			break
+		}
+		log.Warningf("Error signaling containerd, attempt %v/%v: %v", i+1, maxReloadAttempts, err)
+		time.Sleep(reloadBackoff)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warningf("Max retries reached %v/%v, aborting", maxReloadAttempts, maxReloadAttempts)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Successfully signaled containerd")
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/containerd_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+/**
+# Copyright 2023 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package containerd
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// SignalContainerd is unsupported on non-linux platforms.
+func SignalContainerd(socket string) error {
+	return errors.New("SignalContainerd is unsupported on non-linux platforms")
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/containerd_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package containerd
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestRuntimeOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description   string
+		options       Options
+		expected      map[string]interface{}
+		expectedError error
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "empty is nil",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "empty json",
+			options: Options{
+				runtimeConfigOverrideJSON: "{}",
+			},
+			expected:      map[string]interface{}{},
+			expectedError: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "SystemdCgroup is true",
+			options: Options{
+				runtimeConfigOverrideJSON: "{\"SystemdCgroup\": true}",
+			},
+			expected: map[string]interface{}{
+				"SystemdCgroup": true,
+			},
+			expectedError: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "SystemdCgroup is false",
+			options: Options{
+				runtimeConfigOverrideJSON: "{\"SystemdCgroup\": false}",
+			},
+			expected: map[string]interface{}{
+				"SystemdCgroup": false,
+			},
+			expectedError: nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			runtimeOptions, err := tc.options.runtimeConfigOverride()
+			require.ErrorIs(t, tc.expectedError, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expected, runtimeOptions)
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/crio/crio.go

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package crio
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/crio"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/ocihook"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
+)
+
+const (
+	Name = "crio"
+
+	defaultConfigMode = "hook"
+
+	// Hook-based settings
+	defaultHooksDir     = "/usr/share/containers/oci/hooks.d"
+	defaultHookFilename = "oci-nvidia-hook.json"
+
+	// Config-based settings
+	DefaultConfig      = "/etc/crio/crio.conf"
+	DefaultSocket      = "/var/run/crio/crio.sock"
+	DefaultRestartMode = "systemd"
+)
+
+// Options defines the cri-o specific options.
+type Options struct {
+	configMode string
+
+	// hook-specific options
+	hooksDir     string
+	hookFilename string
+}
+
+func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
+	flags := []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "hooks-dir",
+			Usage:       "path to the cri-o hooks directory",
+			Value:       defaultHooksDir,
+			Destination: &opts.hooksDir,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CRIO_HOOKS_DIR"},
+			DefaultText: defaultHooksDir,
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "hook-filename",
+			Usage:       "filename of the cri-o hook that will be created / removed in the hooks directory",
+			Value:       defaultHookFilename,
+			Destination: &opts.hookFilename,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CRIO_HOOK_FILENAME"},
+			DefaultText: defaultHookFilename,
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "config-mode",
+			Usage:       "the configuration mode to use. One of [hook | config]",
+			Value:       defaultConfigMode,
+			Destination: &opts.configMode,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CRIO_CONFIG_MODE"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	return flags
+}
+
+// Setup installs the prestart hook required to launch GPU-enabled containers
+func Setup(c *cli.Context, o *container.Options, co *Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Starting 'setup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	switch co.configMode {
+	case "hook":
+		return setupHook(o, co)
+	case "config":
+		return setupConfig(o)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid config-mode '%v'", co.configMode)
+	}
+}
+
+// setupHook installs the prestart hook required to launch GPU-enabled containers
+func setupHook(o *container.Options, co *Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Installing prestart hook")
+
+	hookPath := filepath.Join(co.hooksDir, co.hookFilename)
+	err := ocihook.CreateHook(hookPath, filepath.Join(o.RuntimeDir, config.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookExecutable))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating hook: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// setupConfig updates the cri-o config for the NVIDIA container runtime
+func setupConfig(o *container.Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Updating config file")
+
+	cfg, err := getRuntimeConfig(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to load config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = o.Configure(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to configure cri-o: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = RestartCrio(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to restart crio: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Cleanup removes the specified prestart hook
+func Cleanup(c *cli.Context, o *container.Options, co *Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Starting 'cleanup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	switch co.configMode {
+	case "hook":
+		return cleanupHook(co)
+	case "config":
+		return cleanupConfig(o)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid config-mode '%v'", co.configMode)
+	}
+}
+
+// cleanupHook removes the prestart hook
+func cleanupHook(co *Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Removing prestart hook")
+
+	hookPath := filepath.Join(co.hooksDir, co.hookFilename)
+	err := os.Remove(hookPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error removing hook '%v': %v", hookPath, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// cleanupConfig removes the NVIDIA container runtime from the cri-o config
+func cleanupConfig(o *container.Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Reverting config file modifications")
+
+	cfg, err := getRuntimeConfig(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to load config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = o.Unconfigure(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to unconfigure cri-o: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = RestartCrio(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to restart crio: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RestartCrio restarts crio depending on the value of restartModeFlag
+func RestartCrio(o *container.Options) error {
+	return o.Restart("crio", func(string) error { return fmt.Errorf("supporting crio via signal is unsupported") })
+}
+
+func GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(o *container.Options) ([]string, error) {
+	cfg, err := getRuntimeConfig(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load crio config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return engine.GetBinaryPathsForRuntimes(cfg), nil
+}
+
+func getRuntimeConfig(o *container.Options) (engine.Interface, error) {
+	return crio.New(
+		crio.WithPath(o.Config),
+		crio.WithConfigSource(
+			toml.LoadFirst(
+				crio.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount, o.ExecutablePath),
+				toml.FromFile(o.Config),
+			),
+		),
+	)
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker/docker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2021, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/docker"
+)
+
+const (
+	Name = "docker"
+
+	DefaultConfig      = "/etc/docker/daemon.json"
+	DefaultSocket      = "/var/run/docker.sock"
+	DefaultRestartMode = "signal"
+)
+
+type Options struct{}
+
+func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Setup updates docker configuration to include the nvidia runtime and reloads it
+func Setup(c *cli.Context, o *container.Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Starting 'setup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	cfg, err := getRuntimeConfig(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to load config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = o.Configure(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to configure docker: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = RestartDocker(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to restart docker: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Completed 'setup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Cleanup reverts docker configuration to remove the nvidia runtime and reloads it
+func Cleanup(c *cli.Context, o *container.Options) error {
+	log.Infof("Starting 'cleanup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	cfg, err := getRuntimeConfig(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to load config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = o.Unconfigure(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to unconfigure docker: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = RestartDocker(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to signal docker: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Completed 'cleanup' for %v", c.App.Name)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RestartDocker restarts docker depending on the value of restartModeFlag
+func RestartDocker(o *container.Options) error {
+	return o.Restart("docker", SignalDocker)
+}
+
+func GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(o *container.Options) ([]string, error) {
+	cfg, err := docker.New(
+		docker.WithPath(o.Config),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load docker config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return engine.GetBinaryPathsForRuntimes(cfg), nil
+}
+
+func getRuntimeConfig(o *container.Options) (engine.Interface, error) {
+	return docker.New(
+		docker.WithPath(o.Config),
+	)
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker/docker_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2021-2023 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	reloadBackoff     = 5 * time.Second
+	maxReloadAttempts = 6
+
+	socketMessageToGetPID = "GET /info HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n"
+)
+
+// SignalDocker sends a SIGHUP signal to docker daemon
+func SignalDocker(socket string) error {
+	log.Infof("Sending SIGHUP signal to docker")
+
+	// Wrap the logic to perform the SIGHUP in a function so we can retry it on failure
+	retriable := func() error {
+		conn, err := net.Dial("unix", socket)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to dial: %v", err)
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		sconn, err := conn.(*net.UnixConn).SyscallConn()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to get syscall connection: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		err1 := sconn.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+			err = syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_PASSCRED, 1)
+		})
+		if err1 != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to issue call on socket fd: %v", err1)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to SetsockoptInt on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		_, _, err = conn.(*net.UnixConn).WriteMsgUnix([]byte(socketMessageToGetPID), nil, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to WriteMsgUnix on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		oob := make([]byte, 1024)
+		_, oobn, _, _, err := conn.(*net.UnixConn).ReadMsgUnix(nil, oob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to ReadMsgUnix on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		oob = oob[:oobn]
+		scm, err := syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to ParseSocketControlMessage from message received on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		ucred, err := syscall.ParseUnixCredentials(&scm[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to ParseUnixCredentials from message received on socket fd: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		err = syscall.Kill(int(ucred.Pid), syscall.SIGHUP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to send SIGHUP to 'docker' process: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Try to send a SIGHUP up to maxReloadAttempts times
+	var err error
+	for i := 0; i < maxReloadAttempts; i++ {
+		err = retriable()
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if i == maxReloadAttempts-1 {
+			break
+		}
+		log.Warningf("Error signaling docker, attempt %v/%v: %v", i+1, maxReloadAttempts, err)
+		time.Sleep(reloadBackoff)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warningf("Max retries reached %v/%v, aborting", maxReloadAttempts, maxReloadAttempts)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Successfully signaled docker")
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker/docker_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+/**
+# Copyright 2023 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// SignalDocker is unsupported on non-linux platforms.
+func SignalDocker(socket string) error {
+	return errors.New("SignalDocker is unsupported on non-linux platforms")
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker/docker_test.go

@@ -14,15 +14,16 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 */
 
-package main
+package docker
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/docker"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/docker"
 )
 
 func TestUpdateConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
@@ -51,12 +52,10 @@ func TestUpdateConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
-		o := &options{
+		o := &container.Options{
-			Options: container.Options{
+			RuntimeName:  tc.runtimeName,
-				RuntimeName:  tc.runtimeName,
+			RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
-				RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
+			SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
-				SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
-			},
 		}
 
 		config := docker.Config(map[string]interface{}{})
@@ -235,12 +234,12 @@ func TestUpdateConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
-		o := &options{
+		tc := tc
-			Options: container.Options{
+
-				RuntimeName:  tc.runtimeName,
+		o := &container.Options{
-				RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
+			RuntimeName:  tc.runtimeName,
-				SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
+			RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
-			},
+			SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
 		}
 
 		err := o.UpdateConfig(&tc.config)
@@ -361,7 +360,8 @@ func TestRevertConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
-		o := &options{}
+		tc := tc
+		o := &container.Options{}
 		err := o.RevertConfig(&tc.config)
 
 		require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/runtime.go

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package runtime
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/crio"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultSetAsDefault = true
+	// defaultRuntimeName specifies the NVIDIA runtime to be use as the default runtime if setting the default runtime is enabled
+	defaultRuntimeName   = "nvidia"
+	defaultHostRootMount = "/host"
+
+	runtimeSpecificDefault = "RUNTIME_SPECIFIC_DEFAULT"
+)
+
+type Options struct {
+	container.Options
+
+	containerdOptions containerd.Options
+	crioOptions       crio.Options
+}
+
+func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
+	flags := []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "config",
+			Usage:       "Path to the runtime config file",
+			Value:       runtimeSpecificDefault,
+			Destination: &opts.Config,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_CONFIG", "CONTAINERD_CONFIG", "DOCKER_CONFIG"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "executable-path",
+			Usage:       "The path to the runtime executable. This is used to extract the current config",
+			Destination: &opts.ExecutablePath,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_EXECUTABLE_PATH"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "socket",
+			Usage:       "Path to the runtime socket file",
+			Value:       runtimeSpecificDefault,
+			Destination: &opts.Socket,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_SOCKET", "CONTAINERD_SOCKET", "DOCKER_SOCKET"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "restart-mode",
+			Usage:       "Specify how the runtime should be restarted; If 'none' is selected it will not be restarted [signal | systemd | none ]",
+			Value:       runtimeSpecificDefault,
+			Destination: &opts.RestartMode,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_RESTART_MODE"},
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "enable-cdi-in-runtime",
+			Usage:       "Enable CDI in the configured runt	ime",
+			Destination: &opts.EnableCDI,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_ENABLE_CDI"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "host-root",
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to the host root to be used when restarting the runtime using systemd",
+			Value:       defaultHostRootMount,
+			Destination: &opts.HostRootMount,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"HOST_ROOT_MOUNT"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "runtime-name",
+			Aliases:     []string{"nvidia-runtime-name", "runtime-class"},
+			Usage:       "Specify the name of the `nvidia` runtime. If set-as-default is selected, the runtime is used as the default runtime.",
+			Value:       defaultRuntimeName,
+			Destination: &opts.RuntimeName,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_RUNTIME_NAME", "CONTAINERD_RUNTIME_CLASS", "DOCKER_RUNTIME_NAME"},
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "set-as-default",
+			Usage:       "Set the `nvidia` runtime as the default runtime.",
+			Value:       defaultSetAsDefault,
+			Destination: &opts.SetAsDefault,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_RUNTIME_SET_AS_DEFAULT", "CONTAINERD_SET_AS_DEFAULT", "DOCKER_SET_AS_DEFAULT"},
+			Hidden:      true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	flags = append(flags, containerd.Flags(&opts.containerdOptions)...)
+	flags = append(flags, crio.Flags(&opts.crioOptions)...)
+
+	return flags
+}
+
+// Validate checks whether the specified options are valid
+func (opts *Options) Validate(logger logger.Interface, c *cli.Context, runtime string, toolkitRoot string, to *toolkit.Options) error {
+	// We set this option here to ensure that it is available in future calls.
+	opts.RuntimeDir = toolkitRoot
+
+	if !c.IsSet("enable-cdi-in-runtime") {
+		opts.EnableCDI = to.CDI.Enabled
+	}
+
+	if opts.ExecutablePath != "" && opts.RuntimeName == docker.Name {
+		logger.Warningf("Ignoring executable-path=%q flag for %v", opts.ExecutablePath, opts.RuntimeName)
+		opts.ExecutablePath = ""
+	}
+
+	// Apply the runtime-specific config changes.
+	switch runtime {
+	case containerd.Name:
+		if opts.Config == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.Config = containerd.DefaultConfig
+		}
+		if opts.Socket == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.Socket = containerd.DefaultSocket
+		}
+		if opts.RestartMode == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.RestartMode = containerd.DefaultRestartMode
+		}
+	case crio.Name:
+		if opts.Config == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.Config = crio.DefaultConfig
+		}
+		if opts.Socket == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.Socket = crio.DefaultSocket
+		}
+		if opts.RestartMode == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.RestartMode = crio.DefaultRestartMode
+		}
+	case docker.Name:
+		if opts.Config == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.Config = docker.DefaultConfig
+		}
+		if opts.Socket == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.Socket = docker.DefaultSocket
+		}
+		if opts.RestartMode == runtimeSpecificDefault {
+			opts.RestartMode = docker.DefaultRestartMode
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("undefined runtime %v", runtime)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func Setup(c *cli.Context, opts *Options, runtime string) error {
+	switch runtime {
+	case containerd.Name:
+		return containerd.Setup(c, &opts.Options, &opts.containerdOptions)
+	case crio.Name:
+		return crio.Setup(c, &opts.Options, &opts.crioOptions)
+	case docker.Name:
+		return docker.Setup(c, &opts.Options)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("undefined runtime %v", runtime)
+	}
+}
+
+func Cleanup(c *cli.Context, opts *Options, runtime string) error {
+	switch runtime {
+	case containerd.Name:
+		return containerd.Cleanup(c, &opts.Options, &opts.containerdOptions)
+	case crio.Name:
+		return crio.Cleanup(c, &opts.Options, &opts.crioOptions)
+	case docker.Name:
+		return docker.Cleanup(c, &opts.Options)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("undefined runtime %v", runtime)
+	}
+}
+
+func GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(opts *Options, runtime string) ([]string, error) {
+	switch runtime {
+	case containerd.Name:
+		return containerd.GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(&opts.Options, &opts.containerdOptions)
+	case crio.Name:
+		return crio.GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(&opts.Options)
+	case docker.Name:
+		return docker.GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(&opts.Options)
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("undefined runtime %v", runtime)
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+)
+
+const (
+	toolkitPidFilename = "toolkit.pid"
+	defaultPidFile     = "/run/nvidia/toolkit/" + toolkitPidFilename
+
+	defaultToolkitInstallDir = "/usr/local/nvidia"
+	toolkitSubDir            = "toolkit"
+
+	defaultRuntime = "docker"
+)
+
+var availableRuntimes = map[string]struct{}{"docker": {}, "crio": {}, "containerd": {}}
+var defaultLowLevelRuntimes = []string{"runc", "crun"}
+
+var waitingForSignal = make(chan bool, 1)
+var signalReceived = make(chan bool, 1)
+
+// options stores the command line arguments
+type options struct {
+	toolkitInstallDir string
+
+	noDaemon   bool
+	runtime    string
+	pidFile    string
+	sourceRoot string
+
+	toolkitOptions toolkit.Options
+	runtimeOptions runtime.Options
+}
+
+func (o options) toolkitRoot() string {
+	return filepath.Join(o.toolkitInstallDir, toolkitSubDir)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	logger := logger.New()
+	c := NewApp(logger)
+
+	// Run the CLI
+	logger.Infof("Starting %v", c.Name)
+	if err := c.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("error running %v: %v", c.Name, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	logger.Infof("Completed %v", c.Name)
+}
+
+// An app represents the nvidia-ctk-installer.
+type app struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+
+	toolkit *toolkit.Installer
+}
+
+// NewApp creates the CLI app fro the specified options.
+func NewApp(logger logger.Interface) *cli.App {
+	a := app{
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+	return a.build()
+}
+
+func (a app) build() *cli.App {
+	options := options{
+		toolkitOptions: toolkit.Options{},
+	}
+	// Create the top-level CLI
+	c := cli.NewApp()
+	c.Name = "nvidia-ctk-installer"
+	c.Usage = "Install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit and configure the specified runtime to use the `nvidia` runtime."
+	c.Version = info.GetVersionString()
+	c.Before = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		return a.Before(ctx, &options)
+	}
+	c.Action = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		return a.Run(ctx, &options)
+	}
+
+	// Setup flags for the CLI
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "no-daemon",
+			Aliases:     []string{"n"},
+			Usage:       "terminate immediately after setting up the runtime. Note that no cleanup will be performed",
+			Destination: &options.noDaemon,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NO_DAEMON"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "runtime",
+			Aliases:     []string{"r"},
+			Usage:       "the runtime to setup on this node. One of {'docker', 'crio', 'containerd'}",
+			Value:       defaultRuntime,
+			Destination: &options.runtime,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "toolkit-install-dir",
+			Aliases: []string{"root"},
+			Usage: "The directory where the NVIDIA Container Toolkit is to be installed. " +
+				"The components of the toolkit will be installed to `ROOT`/toolkit. " +
+				"Note that in the case of a containerized installer, this is the path in the container and it is " +
+				"recommended that this match the path on the host.",
+			Value:       defaultToolkitInstallDir,
+			Destination: &options.toolkitInstallDir,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"TOOLKIT_INSTALL_DIR", "ROOT"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "source-root",
+			Value:       "/",
+			Usage:       "The folder where the required toolkit artifacts can be found",
+			Destination: &options.sourceRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"SOURCE_ROOT"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "pid-file",
+			Value:       defaultPidFile,
+			Usage:       "the path to a toolkit.pid file to ensure that only a single configuration instance is running",
+			Destination: &options.pidFile,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"TOOLKIT_PID_FILE", "PID_FILE"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	c.Flags = append(c.Flags, toolkit.Flags(&options.toolkitOptions)...)
+	c.Flags = append(c.Flags, runtime.Flags(&options.runtimeOptions)...)
+
+	return c
+}
+
+func (a *app) Before(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	a.toolkit = toolkit.NewInstaller(
+		toolkit.WithLogger(a.logger),
+		toolkit.WithSourceRoot(o.sourceRoot),
+		toolkit.WithToolkitRoot(o.toolkitRoot()),
+	)
+	return a.validateFlags(c, o)
+}
+
+func (a *app) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	if o.toolkitInstallDir == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the install root must be specified")
+	}
+	if _, exists := availableRuntimes[o.runtime]; !exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown runtime: %v", o.runtime)
+	}
+	if filepath.Base(o.pidFile) != toolkitPidFilename {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid toolkit.pid path %v", o.pidFile)
+	}
+
+	if err := a.toolkit.ValidateOptions(&o.toolkitOptions); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := o.runtimeOptions.Validate(a.logger, c, o.runtime, o.toolkitRoot(), &o.toolkitOptions); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Run installs the NVIDIA Container Toolkit and updates the requested runtime.
+// If the application is run as a daemon, the application waits and unconfigures
+// the runtime on termination.
+func (a *app) Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	err := a.initialize(o.pidFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to initialize: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer a.shutdown(o.pidFile)
+
+	if len(o.toolkitOptions.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes.Value()) == 0 {
+		lowlevelRuntimePaths, err := runtime.GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(&o.runtimeOptions, o.runtime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to determine runtime options: %w", err)
+		}
+		lowlevelRuntimePaths = append(lowlevelRuntimePaths, defaultLowLevelRuntimes...)
+
+		o.toolkitOptions.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes = *cli.NewStringSlice(lowlevelRuntimePaths...)
+	}
+
+	err = a.toolkit.Install(c, &o.toolkitOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to install toolkit: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = runtime.Setup(c, &o.runtimeOptions, o.runtime)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to setup runtime: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !o.noDaemon {
+		err = a.waitForSignal()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for signal: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		err = runtime.Cleanup(c, &o.runtimeOptions, o.runtime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to cleanup runtime: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *app) initialize(pidFile string) error {
+	a.logger.Infof("Initializing")
+
+	if dir := filepath.Dir(pidFile); dir != "" {
+		err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to create folder for pidfile: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Create(pidFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create pidfile: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = unix.Flock(int(f.Fd()), unix.LOCK_EX|unix.LOCK_NB)
+	if err != nil {
+		a.logger.Warningf("Unable to get exclusive lock on '%v'", pidFile)
+		a.logger.Warningf("This normally means an instance of the NVIDIA toolkit Container is already running, aborting")
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get flock on pidfile: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(f, "%v\n", os.Getpid())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to write PID to pidfile: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGHUP, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGQUIT, syscall.SIGPIPE, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	go func() {
+		<-sigs
+		select {
+		case <-waitingForSignal:
+			signalReceived <- true
+		default:
+			a.logger.Infof("Signal received, exiting early")
+			a.shutdown(pidFile)
+			os.Exit(0)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *app) waitForSignal() error {
+	a.logger.Infof("Waiting for signal")
+	waitingForSignal <- true
+	<-signalReceived
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *app) shutdown(pidFile string) {
+	a.logger.Infof("Shutting Down")
+
+	err := os.Remove(pidFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		a.logger.Warningf("Unable to remove pidfile: %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "installer", "artifacts")
+	hostRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", "rootfs-1")
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description           string
+		args                  []string
+		expectedToolkitConfig string
+		expectedRuntimeConfig string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "no args",
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "CDI enabled enables CDI in docker",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "features": {
+        "cdi": true
+    },
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false overrides --cdi-enabled in Docker",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none", "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "CDI enabled enables CDI in containerd",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--runtime=containerd"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `version = 2
+
+[plugins]
+
+  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
+    enable_cdi = true
+
+    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
+      default_runtime_name = "nvidia"
+
+      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false overrides --cdi-enabled in containerd",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none", "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false", "--runtime=containerd"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `version = 2
+
+[plugins]
+
+  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
+
+    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
+      default_runtime_name = "nvidia"
+
+      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testRoot := t.TempDir()
+
+			cdiOutputDir := filepath.Join(testRoot, "/var/run/cdi")
+			runtimeConfigFile := filepath.Join(testRoot, "config.file")
+
+			toolkitRoot := filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit-test")
+			toolkitConfigFile := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "toolkit/.config/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml")
+
+			app := NewApp(logger)
+
+			testArgs := []string{
+				"nvidia-ctk-installer",
+				"--toolkit-install-dir=" + toolkitRoot,
+				"--no-daemon",
+				"--cdi-output-dir=" + cdiOutputDir,
+				"--config=" + runtimeConfigFile,
+				"--create-device-nodes=none",
+				"--driver-root-ctr-path=" + hostRoot,
+				"--pid-file=" + filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit.pid"),
+				"--restart-mode=none",
+				"--source-root=" + filepath.Join(artifactRoot, "deb"),
+			}
+
+			err := app.Run(append(testArgs, tc.args...))
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.FileExists(t, toolkitConfigFile)
+			toolkitConfigFileContents, err := os.ReadFile(toolkitConfigFile)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedToolkitConfig, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(toolkitConfigFileContents))
+
+			require.FileExists(t, runtimeConfigFile)
+			runtimeConfigFileContents, err := os.ReadFile(runtimeConfigFile)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedRuntimeConfig, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(runtimeConfigFileContents))
+		})
+	}
+
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/artifact-root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup"
+)
+
+// An artifactRoot is used as a source for installed artifacts.
+// It is refined by a directory path, a library locator, and an executable locator.
+type artifactRoot struct {
+	path        string
+	libraries   lookup.Locator
+	executables lookup.Locator
+}
+
+func newArtifactRoot(logger logger.Interface, rootDirectoryPath string) (*artifactRoot, error) {
+	relativeLibrarySearchPaths := []string{
+		"/usr/lib64",
+		"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
+		"/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu",
+	}
+	var librarySearchPaths []string
+	for _, l := range relativeLibrarySearchPaths {
+		librarySearchPaths = append(librarySearchPaths, filepath.Join(rootDirectoryPath, l))
+	}
+
+	a := artifactRoot{
+		path: rootDirectoryPath,
+		libraries: lookup.NewLibraryLocator(
+			lookup.WithLogger(logger),
+			lookup.WithCount(1),
+			lookup.WithSearchPaths(librarySearchPaths...),
+		),
+		executables: lookup.NewExecutableLocator(
+			logger,
+			rootDirectoryPath,
+		),
+	}
+
+	return &a, nil
+}
+
+func (r *artifactRoot) findLibrary(name string) (string, error) {
+	candidates, err := r.libraries.Locate(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error locating library: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("library %v not found", name)
+	}
+
+	return candidates[0], nil
+}
+
+func (r *artifactRoot) findExecutable(name string) (string, error) {
+	candidates, err := r.executables.Locate(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error locating executable: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("executable %v not found", name)
+	}
+
+	return candidates[0], nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/directory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+)
+
+type createDirectory struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+}
+
+func (t *toolkitInstaller) createDirectory() Installer {
+	return &createDirectory{
+		logger: t.logger,
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *createDirectory) Install(dir string) error {
+	if dir == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	d.logger.Infof("Creating directory '%v'", dir)
+	err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/executables.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator"
+)
+
+type executable struct {
+	requiresKernelModule bool
+	path                 string
+	symlink              string
+	args                 []string
+	env                  map[string]string
+}
+
+func (t *toolkitInstaller) collectExecutables(destDir string) ([]Installer, error) {
+	configHome := filepath.Join(destDir, ".config")
+	configDir := filepath.Join(configHome, "nvidia-container-runtime")
+	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "config.toml")
+
+	executables := []executable{
+		{
+			path: "nvidia-ctk",
+		},
+		{
+			path: "nvidia-cdi-hook",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, runtime := range operator.GetRuntimes() {
+		e := executable{
+			path:                 runtime.Path,
+			requiresKernelModule: true,
+			env: map[string]string{
+				"XDG_CONFIG_HOME": configHome,
+			},
+		}
+		executables = append(executables, e)
+	}
+	executables = append(executables,
+		executable{
+			path: "nvidia-container-cli",
+			env:  map[string]string{"LD_LIBRARY_PATH": destDir + ":$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"},
+		},
+	)
+
+	executables = append(executables,
+		executable{
+			path:    "nvidia-container-runtime-hook",
+			symlink: "nvidia-container-toolkit",
+			args:    []string{fmt.Sprintf("-config %s", configPath)},
+		},
+	)
+
+	var installers []Installer
+	for _, executable := range executables {
+		executablePath, err := t.artifactRoot.findExecutable(executable.path)
+		if err != nil {
+			if t.ignoreErrors {
+				log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		wrappedExecutableFilename := filepath.Base(executablePath)
+		dotRealFilename := wrappedExecutableFilename + ".real"
+
+		w := &wrapper{
+			Source:            executablePath,
+			WrappedExecutable: dotRealFilename,
+			CheckModules:      executable.requiresKernelModule,
+			Args:              executable.args,
+			Envvars: map[string]string{
+				"PATH": strings.Join([]string{destDir, "$PATH"}, ":"),
+			},
+		}
+		for k, v := range executable.env {
+			w.Envvars[k] = v
+		}
+
+		installers = append(installers, w)
+
+		if executable.symlink == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		link := symlink{
+			linkname: executable.symlink,
+			target:   filepath.Base(executablePath),
+		}
+		installers = append(installers, link)
+	}
+
+	return installers, nil
+
+}
+
+type wrapper struct {
+	Source            string
+	Envvars           map[string]string
+	WrappedExecutable string
+	CheckModules      bool
+	Args              []string
+}
+
+type render struct {
+	*wrapper
+	DestDir string
+}
+
+func (w *wrapper) Install(destDir string) error {
+	// Copy the executable with a .real extension.
+	mode, err := installFile(w.Source, filepath.Join(destDir, w.WrappedExecutable))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Create a wrapper file.
+	r := render{
+		wrapper: w,
+		DestDir: destDir,
+	}
+	content, err := r.render()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to render wrapper: %w", err)
+	}
+	wrapperFile := filepath.Join(destDir, filepath.Base(w.Source))
+	return installContent(content, wrapperFile, mode|0111)
+}
+
+func (w *render) render() (io.Reader, error) {
+	wrapperTemplate := `#! /bin/sh
+{{- if (.CheckModules) }}
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+{{- end }}
+{{- range $key, $value := .Envvars }}
+{{$key}}={{$value}} \
+{{- end }}
+	{{ .DestDir }}/{{ .WrappedExecutable }} \
+{{- range $arg := .Args }}
+		{{$arg}} \
+{{- end }}
+		"$@"
+`
+
+	var content bytes.Buffer
+	tmpl, err := template.New("wrapper").Parse(wrapperTemplate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(&content, w); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &content, nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/executables_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestWrapperRender(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description string
+		w           *wrapper
+		expected    string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "executable is added",
+			w: &wrapper{
+				WrappedExecutable: "some-runtime",
+			},
+			expected: `#! /bin/sh
+	/dest-dir/some-runtime \
+		"$@"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "module check is added",
+			w: &wrapper{
+				WrappedExecutable: "some-runtime",
+				CheckModules:      true,
+			},
+			expected: `#! /bin/sh
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+	/dest-dir/some-runtime \
+		"$@"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "environment is added",
+			w: &wrapper{
+				WrappedExecutable: "some-runtime",
+				Envvars: map[string]string{
+					"PATH": "/foo/bar/baz",
+				},
+			},
+			expected: `#! /bin/sh
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz \
+	/dest-dir/some-runtime \
+		"$@"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "args are added",
+			w: &wrapper{
+				WrappedExecutable: "some-runtime",
+				Args:              []string{"--config foo", "bar"},
+			},
+			expected: `#! /bin/sh
+	/dest-dir/some-runtime \
+		--config foo \
+		bar \
+		"$@"
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			r := render{
+				wrapper: tc.w,
+				DestDir: "/dest-dir",
+			}
+			reader, err := r.render()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			var content bytes.Buffer
+			_, err = content.ReadFrom(reader)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expected, content.String())
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/file-installer_mock.go

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// Code generated by moq; DO NOT EDIT.
+// github.com/matryer/moq
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// Ensure, that fileInstallerMock does implement fileInstaller.
+// If this is not the case, regenerate this file with moq.
+var _ fileInstaller = &fileInstallerMock{}
+
+// fileInstallerMock is a mock implementation of fileInstaller.
+//
+//	func TestSomethingThatUsesfileInstaller(t *testing.T) {
+//
+//		// make and configure a mocked fileInstaller
+//		mockedfileInstaller := &fileInstallerMock{
+//			installContentFunc: func(reader io.Reader, s string, v os.FileMode) error {
+//				panic("mock out the installContent method")
+//			},
+//			installFileFunc: func(s1 string, s2 string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+//				panic("mock out the installFile method")
+//			},
+//			installSymlinkFunc: func(s1 string, s2 string) error {
+//				panic("mock out the installSymlink method")
+//			},
+//		}
+//
+//		// use mockedfileInstaller in code that requires fileInstaller
+//		// and then make assertions.
+//
+//	}
+type fileInstallerMock struct {
+	// installContentFunc mocks the installContent method.
+	installContentFunc func(reader io.Reader, s string, v os.FileMode) error
+
+	// installFileFunc mocks the installFile method.
+	installFileFunc func(s1 string, s2 string) (os.FileMode, error)
+
+	// installSymlinkFunc mocks the installSymlink method.
+	installSymlinkFunc func(s1 string, s2 string) error
+
+	// calls tracks calls to the methods.
+	calls struct {
+		// installContent holds details about calls to the installContent method.
+		installContent []struct {
+			// Reader is the reader argument value.
+			Reader io.Reader
+			// S is the s argument value.
+			S string
+			// V is the v argument value.
+			V os.FileMode
+		}
+		// installFile holds details about calls to the installFile method.
+		installFile []struct {
+			// S1 is the s1 argument value.
+			S1 string
+			// S2 is the s2 argument value.
+			S2 string
+		}
+		// installSymlink holds details about calls to the installSymlink method.
+		installSymlink []struct {
+			// S1 is the s1 argument value.
+			S1 string
+			// S2 is the s2 argument value.
+			S2 string
+		}
+	}
+	lockinstallContent sync.RWMutex
+	lockinstallFile    sync.RWMutex
+	lockinstallSymlink sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// installContent calls installContentFunc.
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installContent(reader io.Reader, s string, v os.FileMode) error {
+	if mock.installContentFunc == nil {
+		panic("fileInstallerMock.installContentFunc: method is nil but fileInstaller.installContent was just called")
+	}
+	callInfo := struct {
+		Reader io.Reader
+		S      string
+		V      os.FileMode
+	}{
+		Reader: reader,
+		S:      s,
+		V:      v,
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallContent.Lock()
+	mock.calls.installContent = append(mock.calls.installContent, callInfo)
+	mock.lockinstallContent.Unlock()
+	return mock.installContentFunc(reader, s, v)
+}
+
+// installContentCalls gets all the calls that were made to installContent.
+// Check the length with:
+//
+//	len(mockedfileInstaller.installContentCalls())
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installContentCalls() []struct {
+	Reader io.Reader
+	S      string
+	V      os.FileMode
+} {
+	var calls []struct {
+		Reader io.Reader
+		S      string
+		V      os.FileMode
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallContent.RLock()
+	calls = mock.calls.installContent
+	mock.lockinstallContent.RUnlock()
+	return calls
+}
+
+// installFile calls installFileFunc.
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installFile(s1 string, s2 string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+	if mock.installFileFunc == nil {
+		panic("fileInstallerMock.installFileFunc: method is nil but fileInstaller.installFile was just called")
+	}
+	callInfo := struct {
+		S1 string
+		S2 string
+	}{
+		S1: s1,
+		S2: s2,
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallFile.Lock()
+	mock.calls.installFile = append(mock.calls.installFile, callInfo)
+	mock.lockinstallFile.Unlock()
+	return mock.installFileFunc(s1, s2)
+}
+
+// installFileCalls gets all the calls that were made to installFile.
+// Check the length with:
+//
+//	len(mockedfileInstaller.installFileCalls())
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installFileCalls() []struct {
+	S1 string
+	S2 string
+} {
+	var calls []struct {
+		S1 string
+		S2 string
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallFile.RLock()
+	calls = mock.calls.installFile
+	mock.lockinstallFile.RUnlock()
+	return calls
+}
+
+// installSymlink calls installSymlinkFunc.
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installSymlink(s1 string, s2 string) error {
+	if mock.installSymlinkFunc == nil {
+		panic("fileInstallerMock.installSymlinkFunc: method is nil but fileInstaller.installSymlink was just called")
+	}
+	callInfo := struct {
+		S1 string
+		S2 string
+	}{
+		S1: s1,
+		S2: s2,
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallSymlink.Lock()
+	mock.calls.installSymlink = append(mock.calls.installSymlink, callInfo)
+	mock.lockinstallSymlink.Unlock()
+	return mock.installSymlinkFunc(s1, s2)
+}
+
+// installSymlinkCalls gets all the calls that were made to installSymlink.
+// Check the length with:
+//
+//	len(mockedfileInstaller.installSymlinkCalls())
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installSymlinkCalls() []struct {
+	S1 string
+	S2 string
+} {
+	var calls []struct {
+		S1 string
+		S2 string
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallSymlink.RLock()
+	calls = mock.calls.installSymlink
+	mock.lockinstallSymlink.RUnlock()
+	return calls
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/installer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+)
+
+//go:generate moq -rm -fmt=goimports -out installer_mock.go . Installer
+type Installer interface {
+	Install(string) error
+}
+
+type toolkitInstaller struct {
+	logger       logger.Interface
+	ignoreErrors bool
+	sourceRoot   string
+
+	artifactRoot *artifactRoot
+
+	ensureTargetDirectory Installer
+}
+
+var _ Installer = (*toolkitInstaller)(nil)
+
+// New creates a toolkit installer with the specified options.
+func New(opts ...Option) (Installer, error) {
+	t := &toolkitInstaller{}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(t)
+	}
+
+	if t.logger == nil {
+		t.logger = logger.New()
+	}
+	if t.sourceRoot == "" {
+		t.sourceRoot = "/"
+	}
+	if t.artifactRoot == nil {
+		artifactRoot, err := newArtifactRoot(t.logger, t.sourceRoot)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		t.artifactRoot = artifactRoot
+	}
+
+	if t.ensureTargetDirectory == nil {
+		t.ensureTargetDirectory = t.createDirectory()
+	}
+
+	return t, nil
+}
+
+// Install ensures that the required toolkit files are installed in the specified directory.
+func (t *toolkitInstaller) Install(destDir string) error {
+	var installers []Installer
+
+	installers = append(installers, t.ensureTargetDirectory)
+
+	libraries, err := t.collectLibraries()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to collect libraries: %w", err)
+	}
+	installers = append(installers, libraries...)
+
+	executables, err := t.collectExecutables(destDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to collect executables: %w", err)
+	}
+	installers = append(installers, executables...)
+
+	var errs error
+	for _, i := range installers {
+		errs = errors.Join(errs, i.Install(destDir))
+	}
+
+	return errs
+}
+
+type symlink struct {
+	linkname string
+	target   string
+}
+
+func (s symlink) Install(destDir string) error {
+	symlinkPath := filepath.Join(destDir, s.linkname)
+	return installSymlink(s.target, symlinkPath)
+}
+
+//go:generate moq -rm -fmt=goimports -out file-installer_mock.go . fileInstaller
+type fileInstaller interface {
+	installContent(io.Reader, string, os.FileMode) error
+	installFile(string, string) (os.FileMode, error)
+	installSymlink(string, string) error
+}
+
+var installSymlink = installSymlinkStub
+
+func installSymlinkStub(target string, link string) error {
+	err := os.Symlink(target, link)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating symlink '%v' => '%v': %v", link, target, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var installFile = installFileStub
+
+func installFileStub(src string, dest string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+	sourceInfo, err := os.Stat(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("error getting file info for '%v': %v", src, err)
+	}
+
+	source, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("error opening source: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer source.Close()
+
+	mode := sourceInfo.Mode()
+	if err := installContent(source, dest, mode); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return mode, nil
+}
+
+var installContent = installContentStub
+
+func installContentStub(content io.Reader, dest string, mode fs.FileMode) error {
+	destination, err := os.Create(dest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer destination.Close()
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(destination, content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error copying file: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = os.Chmod(dest, mode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error setting mode for '%v': %v", dest, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/installer_mock.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Code generated by moq; DO NOT EDIT.
+// github.com/matryer/moq
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// Ensure, that InstallerMock does implement Installer.
+// If this is not the case, regenerate this file with moq.
+var _ Installer = &InstallerMock{}
+
+// InstallerMock is a mock implementation of Installer.
+//
+//	func TestSomethingThatUsesInstaller(t *testing.T) {
+//
+//		// make and configure a mocked Installer
+//		mockedInstaller := &InstallerMock{
+//			InstallFunc: func(s string) error {
+//				panic("mock out the Install method")
+//			},
+//		}
+//
+//		// use mockedInstaller in code that requires Installer
+//		// and then make assertions.
+//
+//	}
+type InstallerMock struct {
+	// InstallFunc mocks the Install method.
+	InstallFunc func(s string) error
+
+	// calls tracks calls to the methods.
+	calls struct {
+		// Install holds details about calls to the Install method.
+		Install []struct {
+			// S is the s argument value.
+			S string
+		}
+	}
+	lockInstall sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// Install calls InstallFunc.
+func (mock *InstallerMock) Install(s string) error {
+	if mock.InstallFunc == nil {
+		panic("InstallerMock.InstallFunc: method is nil but Installer.Install was just called")
+	}
+	callInfo := struct {
+		S string
+	}{
+		S: s,
+	}
+	mock.lockInstall.Lock()
+	mock.calls.Install = append(mock.calls.Install, callInfo)
+	mock.lockInstall.Unlock()
+	return mock.InstallFunc(s)
+}
+
+// InstallCalls gets all the calls that were made to Install.
+// Check the length with:
+//
+//	len(mockedInstaller.InstallCalls())
+func (mock *InstallerMock) InstallCalls() []struct {
+	S string
+} {
+	var calls []struct {
+		S string
+	}
+	mock.lockInstall.RLock()
+	calls = mock.calls.Install
+	mock.lockInstall.RUnlock()
+	return calls
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/installer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup"
+)
+
+func TestToolkitInstaller(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	type contentCall struct {
+		wrapper string
+		path    string
+		mode    fs.FileMode
+	}
+	var contentCalls []contentCall
+
+	installer := &fileInstallerMock{
+		installFileFunc: func(s1, s2 string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+			return 0666, nil
+		},
+		installContentFunc: func(reader io.Reader, s string, fileMode fs.FileMode) error {
+			var b bytes.Buffer
+			if _, err := b.ReadFrom(reader); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			contents := contentCall{
+				wrapper: b.String(),
+				path:    s,
+				mode:    fileMode,
+			}
+
+			contentCalls = append(contentCalls, contents)
+			return nil
+		},
+		installSymlinkFunc: func(s1, s2 string) error {
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	installFile = installer.installFile
+	installContent = installer.installContent
+	installSymlink = installer.installSymlink
+
+	root := "/artifacts/test"
+	libraries := &lookup.LocatorMock{
+		LocateFunc: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
+			switch s {
+			case "libnvidia-container.so.1":
+				return []string{filepath.Join(root, "libnvidia-container.so.987.65.43")}, nil
+			case "libnvidia-container-go.so.1":
+				return []string{filepath.Join(root, "libnvidia-container-go.so.1.23.4")}, nil
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v not found", s)
+		},
+	}
+	executables := &lookup.LocatorMock{
+		LocateFunc: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
+			switch s {
+			case "nvidia-container-runtime.cdi":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-container-runtime.legacy":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-container-runtime":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-ctk":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-container-cli":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-container-runtime-hook":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-cdi-hook":
+				return []string{filepath.Join(root, "usr/bin", s)}, nil
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v not found", s)
+		},
+	}
+
+	r := &artifactRoot{
+		libraries:   libraries,
+		executables: executables,
+	}
+
+	createDirectory := &InstallerMock{
+		InstallFunc: func(c string) error {
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	i := toolkitInstaller{
+		logger:                logger,
+		artifactRoot:          r,
+		ensureTargetDirectory: createDirectory,
+	}
+
+	err := i.Install("/foo/bar/baz")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]struct {
+			S string
+		}{
+			{"/foo/bar/baz"},
+		},
+		createDirectory.InstallCalls(),
+	)
+
+	require.ElementsMatch(t,
+		installer.installFileCalls(),
+		[]struct {
+			S1 string
+			S2 string
+		}{
+			{"/artifacts/test/libnvidia-container-go.so.1.23.4", "/foo/bar/baz/libnvidia-container-go.so.1.23.4"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/libnvidia-container.so.987.65.43", "/foo/bar/baz/libnvidia-container.so.987.65.43"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-ctk", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-ctk.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-cdi-hook.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-cli", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-cli.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime-hook", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime-hook.real"},
+		},
+	)
+
+	require.ElementsMatch(t,
+		installer.installSymlinkCalls(),
+		[]struct {
+			S1 string
+			S2 string
+		}{
+			{"libnvidia-container-go.so.1.23.4", "/foo/bar/baz/libnvidia-container-go.so.1"},
+			{"libnvidia-container.so.987.65.43", "/foo/bar/baz/libnvidia-container.so.1"},
+			{"nvidia-container-runtime-hook", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-toolkit"},
+		},
+	)
+
+	require.ElementsMatch(t,
+		contentCalls,
+		[]contentCall{
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/foo/bar/baz/.config \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/foo/bar/baz/.config \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/foo/bar/baz/.config \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-ctk",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-ctk.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-cdi-hook.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-cli",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH \
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-cli.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime-hook",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime-hook.real \
+		-config /foo/bar/baz/.config/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+		},
+	)
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/libraries.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// collectLibraries locates and installs the libraries that are part of
+// the nvidia-container-toolkit.
+// A predefined set of library candidates are considered, with the first one
+// resulting in success being installed to the toolkit folder. The install process
+// resolves the symlink for the library and copies the versioned library itself.
+func (t *toolkitInstaller) collectLibraries() ([]Installer, error) {
+	requiredLibraries := []string{
+		"libnvidia-container.so.1",
+		"libnvidia-container-go.so.1",
+	}
+
+	var installers []Installer
+	for _, l := range requiredLibraries {
+		libraryPath, err := t.artifactRoot.findLibrary(l)
+		if err != nil {
+			if t.ignoreErrors {
+				log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		installers = append(installers, library(libraryPath))
+
+		if filepath.Base(libraryPath) == l {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		link := symlink{
+			linkname: l,
+			target:   filepath.Base(libraryPath),
+		}
+		installers = append(installers, link)
+	}
+
+	return installers, nil
+}
+
+type library string
+
+// Install copies the library l to the destination folder.
+// The same basename is used in the destination folder.
+func (l library) Install(destinationDir string) error {
+	dest := filepath.Join(destinationDir, filepath.Base(string(l)))
+
+	_, err := installFile(string(l), dest)
+	return err
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+
+type Option func(*toolkitInstaller)
+
+func WithLogger(logger logger.Interface) Option {
+	return func(ti *toolkitInstaller) {
+		ti.logger = logger
+	}
+}
+
+func WithArtifactRoot(artifactRoot *artifactRoot) Option {
+	return func(ti *toolkitInstaller) {
+		ti.artifactRoot = artifactRoot
+	}
+}
+
+func WithIgnoreErrors(ignoreErrors bool) Option {
+	return func(ti *toolkitInstaller) {
+		ti.ignoreErrors = ignoreErrors
+	}
+}
+
+// WithSourceRoot sets the root directory for locating artifacts to be installed.
+func WithSourceRoot(sourceRoot string) Option {
+	return func(ti *toolkitInstaller) {
+		ti.sourceRoot = sourceRoot
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package toolkit
+
+import "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+
+// An Option provides a mechanism to configure an Installer.
+type Option func(*Installer)
+
+func WithLogger(logger logger.Interface) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.logger = logger
+	}
+}
+
+func WithToolkitRoot(toolkitRoot string) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.toolkitRoot = toolkitRoot
+	}
+}
+
+func WithSourceRoot(sourceRoot string) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.sourceRoot = sourceRoot
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/toolkit.go

@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2021, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package toolkit
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
+	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/system/nvdevices"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi"
+	transformroot "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/transform/root"
+)
+
+const (
+	// DefaultNvidiaDriverRoot specifies the default NVIDIA driver run directory
+	DefaultNvidiaDriverRoot = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+
+	configFilename = "config.toml"
+)
+
+type cdiOptions struct {
+	Enabled   bool
+	outputDir string
+	kind      string
+	vendor    string
+	class     string
+}
+
+type Options struct {
+	DriverRoot        string
+	DevRoot           string
+	DriverRootCtrPath string
+	DevRootCtrPath    string
+
+	ContainerRuntimeMode     string
+	ContainerRuntimeDebug    string
+	ContainerRuntimeLogLevel string
+
+	ContainerRuntimeModesCdiDefaultKind        string
+	ContainerRuntimeModesCDIAnnotationPrefixes cli.StringSlice
+
+	ContainerRuntimeRuntimes cli.StringSlice
+
+	ContainerRuntimeHookSkipModeDetection bool
+
+	ContainerCLIDebug string
+
+	// CDI stores the CDI options for the toolkit.
+	CDI cdiOptions
+
+	createDeviceNodes cli.StringSlice
+
+	acceptNVIDIAVisibleDevicesWhenUnprivileged bool
+	acceptNVIDIAVisibleDevicesAsVolumeMounts   bool
+
+	ignoreErrors bool
+
+	optInFeatures cli.StringSlice
+}
+
+func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
+	flags := []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "driver-root",
+			Aliases:     []string{"nvidia-driver-root"},
+			Value:       DefaultNvidiaDriverRoot,
+			Destination: &opts.DriverRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_DRIVER_ROOT", "DRIVER_ROOT"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "driver-root-ctr-path",
+			Value:       DefaultNvidiaDriverRoot,
+			Destination: &opts.DriverRootCtrPath,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"DRIVER_ROOT_CTR_PATH"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "dev-root",
+			Usage:       "Specify the root where `/dev` is located. If this is not specified, the driver-root is assumed.",
+			Destination: &opts.DevRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_DEV_ROOT", "DEV_ROOT"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "dev-root-ctr-path",
+			Usage:       "Specify the root where `/dev` is located in the container. If this is not specified, the driver-root-ctr-path is assumed.",
+			Destination: &opts.DevRootCtrPath,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"DEV_ROOT_CTR_PATH"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-runtime.debug",
+			Aliases:     []string{"nvidia-container-runtime-debug"},
+			Usage:       "Specify the location of the debug log file for the NVIDIA Container Runtime",
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerRuntimeDebug,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_RUNTIME_DEBUG"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-runtime.log-level",
+			Aliases:     []string{"nvidia-container-runtime-debug-log-level"},
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerRuntimeLogLevel,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_RUNTIME_LOG_LEVEL"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-runtime.mode",
+			Aliases:     []string{"nvidia-container-runtime-mode"},
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerRuntimeMode,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_RUNTIME_MODE"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi.default-kind",
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerRuntimeModesCdiDefaultKind,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_RUNTIME_MODES_CDI_DEFAULT_KIND"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi.annotation-prefixes",
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerRuntimeModesCDIAnnotationPrefixes,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_RUNTIME_MODES_CDI_ANNOTATION_PREFIXES"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-runtime.runtimes",
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_RUNTIME_RUNTIMES"},
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-runtime-hook.skip-mode-detection",
+			Value:       true,
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerRuntimeHookSkipModeDetection,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_RUNTIME_HOOK_SKIP_MODE_DETECTION"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "nvidia-container-cli.debug",
+			Aliases:     []string{"nvidia-container-cli-debug"},
+			Usage:       "Specify the location of the debug log file for the NVIDIA Container CLI",
+			Destination: &opts.ContainerCLIDebug,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_CLI_DEBUG"},
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged",
+			Usage:       "Set the accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged config option",
+			Value:       true,
+			Destination: &opts.acceptNVIDIAVisibleDevicesWhenUnprivileged,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"ACCEPT_NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES_ENVVAR_WHEN_UNPRIVILEGED"},
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts",
+			Usage:       "Set the accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts config option",
+			Destination: &opts.acceptNVIDIAVisibleDevicesAsVolumeMounts,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"ACCEPT_NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES_AS_VOLUME_MOUNTS"},
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "cdi-enabled",
+			Aliases:     []string{"enable-cdi"},
+			Usage:       "enable the generation of a CDI specification",
+			Destination: &opts.CDI.Enabled,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CDI_ENABLED", "ENABLE_CDI"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "cdi-output-dir",
+			Usage:       "the directory where the CDI output files are to be written. If this is set to '', no CDI specification is generated.",
+			Value:       "/var/run/cdi",
+			Destination: &opts.CDI.outputDir,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CDI_OUTPUT_DIR"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "cdi-kind",
+			Usage:       "the vendor string to use for the generated CDI specification",
+			Value:       "management.nvidia.com/gpu",
+			Destination: &opts.CDI.kind,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CDI_KIND"},
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "ignore-errors",
+			Usage:       "ignore errors when installing the NVIDIA Container toolkit. This is used for testing purposes only.",
+			Hidden:      true,
+			Destination: &opts.ignoreErrors,
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "create-device-nodes",
+			Usage:       "(Only applicable with --cdi-enabled) specifies which device nodes should be created. If any one of the options is set to '' or 'none', no device nodes will be created.",
+			Value:       cli.NewStringSlice("control"),
+			Destination: &opts.createDeviceNodes,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"CREATE_DEVICE_NODES"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "opt-in-features",
+			Hidden:      true,
+			Destination: &opts.optInFeatures,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT_OPT_IN_FEATURES"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	return flags
+}
+
+// An Installer is used to install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit from the toolkit container.
+type Installer struct {
+	logger     logger.Interface
+	sourceRoot string
+	// toolkitRoot specifies the destination path at which the toolkit is installed.
+	toolkitRoot string
+}
+
+// NewInstaller creates an installer for the NVIDIA Container Toolkit.
+func NewInstaller(opts ...Option) *Installer {
+	i := &Installer{}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(i)
+	}
+
+	if i.logger == nil {
+		i.logger = logger.New()
+	}
+
+	return i
+}
+
+// ValidateOptions checks whether the specified options are valid
+func (t *Installer) ValidateOptions(opts *Options) error {
+	if t == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("toolkit installer is not initilized")
+	}
+	if t.toolkitRoot == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --toolkit-root option: %v", t.toolkitRoot)
+	}
+
+	vendor, class := parser.ParseQualifier(opts.CDI.kind)
+	if err := parser.ValidateVendorName(vendor); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid CDI vendor name: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := parser.ValidateClassName(class); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid CDI class name: %v", err)
+	}
+	opts.CDI.vendor = vendor
+	opts.CDI.class = class
+
+	if opts.CDI.Enabled && opts.CDI.outputDir == "" {
+		t.logger.Warning("Skipping CDI spec generation (no output directory specified)")
+		opts.CDI.Enabled = false
+	}
+
+	isDisabled := false
+	for _, mode := range opts.createDeviceNodes.Value() {
+		if mode != "" && mode != "none" && mode != "control" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid --create-device-nodes value: %v", mode)
+		}
+		if mode == "" || mode == "none" {
+			isDisabled = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !opts.CDI.Enabled && !isDisabled {
+		t.logger.Info("disabling device node creation since --cdi-enabled=false")
+		isDisabled = true
+	}
+	if isDisabled {
+		opts.createDeviceNodes = *cli.NewStringSlice()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Install installs the components of the NVIDIA container toolkit.
+// Any existing installation is removed.
+func (t *Installer) Install(cli *cli.Context, opts *Options) error {
+	if t == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("toolkit installer is not initilized")
+	}
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit to '%v'", t.toolkitRoot)
+
+	t.logger.Infof("Removing existing NVIDIA container toolkit installation")
+	err := os.RemoveAll(t.toolkitRoot)
+	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error removing toolkit directory: %v", err)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error removing toolkit directory: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	// Create a toolkit installer to actually install the toolkit components.
+	toolkit, err := installer.New(
+		installer.WithLogger(t.logger),
+		installer.WithSourceRoot(t.sourceRoot),
+		installer.WithIgnoreErrors(opts.ignoreErrors),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !opts.ignoreErrors {
+			return fmt.Errorf("could not create toolkit installer: %w", err)
+		}
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not create toolkit installer: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := toolkit.Install(t.toolkitRoot); err != nil {
+		if !opts.ignoreErrors {
+			return fmt.Errorf("could not install toolkit components: %w", err)
+		}
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not install toolkit components: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	err = t.installToolkitConfig(cli, opts)
+	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container toolkit config: %v", err)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container toolkit config: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	err = t.createDeviceNodes(opts)
+	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating device nodes: %v", err)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error creating device nodes: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	nvidiaCDIHookPath := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, "nvidia-cdi-hook")
+	err = t.generateCDISpec(opts, nvidiaCDIHookPath)
+	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error generating CDI specification: %v", err)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error generating CDI specification: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// installToolkitConfig installs the config file for the NVIDIA container toolkit ensuring
+// that the settings are updated to match the desired install and nvidia driver directories.
+func (t *Installer) installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, opts *Options) error {
+	toolkitConfigDir := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime")
+	toolkitConfigPath := filepath.Join(toolkitConfigDir, configFilename)
+
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit config '%v'", toolkitConfigPath)
+
+	err := t.createDirectories(toolkitConfigDir)
+	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err))
+	}
+	nvidiaContainerCliExecutablePath := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-cli")
+	nvidiaCTKPath := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, "nvidia-ctk")
+	nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime-hook")
+
+	cfg, err := config.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not open source config file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	targetConfig, err := os.Create(toolkitConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not create target config file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer targetConfig.Close()
+
+	// Read the ldconfig path from the config as this may differ per platform
+	// On ubuntu-based systems this ends in `.real`
+	ldconfigPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s", cfg.GetDefault("nvidia-container-cli.ldconfig", "/sbin/ldconfig"))
+	// Use the driver run root as the root:
+	driverLdconfigPath := config.NormalizeLDConfigPath("@" + filepath.Join(opts.DriverRoot, strings.TrimPrefix(ldconfigPath, "@/")))
+
+	configValues := map[string]interface{}{
+		// Set the options in the root toml table
+		"accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged": opts.acceptNVIDIAVisibleDevicesWhenUnprivileged,
+		"accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts":         opts.acceptNVIDIAVisibleDevicesAsVolumeMounts,
+		// Set the nvidia-container-cli options
+		"nvidia-container-cli.root":     opts.DriverRoot,
+		"nvidia-container-cli.path":     nvidiaContainerCliExecutablePath,
+		"nvidia-container-cli.ldconfig": driverLdconfigPath,
+		// Set nvidia-ctk options
+		"nvidia-ctk.path": nvidiaCTKPath,
+		// Set the nvidia-container-runtime-hook options
+		"nvidia-container-runtime-hook.path":                nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath,
+		"nvidia-container-runtime-hook.skip-mode-detection": opts.ContainerRuntimeHookSkipModeDetection,
+	}
+
+	toolkitRuntimeList := opts.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes.Value()
+	if len(toolkitRuntimeList) > 0 {
+		configValues["nvidia-container-runtime.runtimes"] = toolkitRuntimeList
+	}
+
+	for _, optInFeature := range opts.optInFeatures.Value() {
+		configValues["features."+optInFeature] = true
+	}
+
+	for key, value := range configValues {
+		cfg.Set(key, value)
+	}
+
+	// Set the optional config options
+	optionalConfigValues := map[string]interface{}{
+		"nvidia-container-runtime.debug":                         opts.ContainerRuntimeDebug,
+		"nvidia-container-runtime.log-level":                     opts.ContainerRuntimeLogLevel,
+		"nvidia-container-runtime.mode":                          opts.ContainerRuntimeMode,
+		"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi.annotation-prefixes": opts.ContainerRuntimeModesCDIAnnotationPrefixes,
+		"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi.default-kind":        opts.ContainerRuntimeModesCdiDefaultKind,
+		"nvidia-container-runtime.runtimes":                      opts.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes,
+		"nvidia-container-cli.debug":                             opts.ContainerCLIDebug,
+	}
+
+	for key, value := range optionalConfigValues {
+		if !c.IsSet(key) {
+			t.logger.Infof("Skipping unset option: %v", key)
+			continue
+		}
+		if value == nil {
+			t.logger.Infof("Skipping option with nil value: %v", key)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch v := value.(type) {
+		case string:
+			if v == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+		case cli.StringSlice:
+			if len(v.Value()) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			value = v.Value()
+		default:
+			t.logger.Warningf("Unexpected type for option %v=%v: %T", key, value, v)
+		}
+
+		cfg.Set(key, value)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := cfg.WriteTo(targetConfig); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error writing config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	os.Stdout.WriteString("Using config:\n")
+	if _, err = cfg.WriteTo(os.Stdout); err != nil {
+		t.logger.Warningf("Failed to output config to STDOUT: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Installer) createDirectories(dir ...string) error {
+	for _, d := range dir {
+		t.logger.Infof("Creating directory '%v'", d)
+		err := os.MkdirAll(d, 0755)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error creating directory: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Installer) createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
+	modes := opts.createDeviceNodes.Value()
+	if len(modes) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	devices, err := nvdevices.New(
+		nvdevices.WithDevRoot(opts.DevRootCtrPath),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create library: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, mode := range modes {
+		t.logger.Infof("Creating %v device nodes at %v", mode, opts.DevRootCtrPath)
+		if mode != "control" {
+			t.logger.Warningf("Unrecognised device mode: %v", mode)
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := devices.CreateNVIDIAControlDevices(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create control device nodes: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// generateCDISpec generates a CDI spec for use in management containers
+func (t *Installer) generateCDISpec(opts *Options, nvidiaCDIHookPath string) error {
+	if !opts.CDI.Enabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+	t.logger.Info("Generating CDI spec for management containers")
+	cdilib, err := nvcdi.New(
+		nvcdi.WithLogger(t.logger),
+		nvcdi.WithMode(nvcdi.ModeManagement),
+		nvcdi.WithDriverRoot(opts.DriverRootCtrPath),
+		nvcdi.WithDevRoot(opts.DevRootCtrPath),
+		nvcdi.WithNVIDIACDIHookPath(nvidiaCDIHookPath),
+		nvcdi.WithVendor(opts.CDI.vendor),
+		nvcdi.WithClass(opts.CDI.class),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create CDI library for management containers: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	spec, err := cdilib.GetSpec()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to genereate CDI spec for management containers: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	transformer := transformroot.NewDriverTransformer(
+		transformroot.WithDriverRoot(opts.DriverRootCtrPath),
+		transformroot.WithTargetDriverRoot(opts.DriverRoot),
+		transformroot.WithDevRoot(opts.DevRootCtrPath),
+		transformroot.WithTargetDevRoot(opts.DevRoot),
+	)
+	if err := transformer.Transform(spec.Raw()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to transform driver root in CDI spec: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	name, err := cdi.GenerateNameForSpec(spec.Raw())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate CDI name for management containers: %v", err)
+	}
+	err = spec.Save(filepath.Join(opts.CDI.outputDir, name))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save CDI spec for management containers: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/toolkit_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package toolkit
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup/symlinks"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "installer", "artifacts")
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description     string
+		hostRoot        string
+		packageType     string
+		cdiEnabled      bool
+		expectedError   error
+		expectedCdiSpec string
+	}{
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType: "deb",
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType: "rpm",
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:      "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType:   "deb",
+			cdiEnabled:    true,
+			expectedError: fmt.Errorf("no NVIDIA device nodes found"),
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-1",
+			packageType: "deb",
+			cdiEnabled:  true,
+			expectedCdiSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/class
+devices:
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia0
+            - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidiactl
+            - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel0
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel0
+            - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel1
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel1
+            - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel2047
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel2047
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    hooks:
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: {{ .toolkitRoot }}/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - create-symlinks
+            - --link
+            - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: {{ .toolkitRoot }}/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - update-ldcache
+            - --folder
+            - /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: /host/driver/root/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		// hostRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", tc.hostRoot)
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testRoot := t.TempDir()
+			toolkitRoot := filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit-test")
+			cdiOutputDir := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "toolkit-test", "/var/cdi")
+			sourceRoot := filepath.Join(artifactRoot, tc.packageType)
+			options := Options{
+				DriverRoot:        "/host/driver/root",
+				DriverRootCtrPath: filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", tc.hostRoot),
+				CDI: cdiOptions{
+					Enabled:   tc.cdiEnabled,
+					outputDir: cdiOutputDir,
+					kind:      "example.com/class",
+				},
+			}
+
+			ti := NewInstaller(
+				WithLogger(logger),
+				WithToolkitRoot(toolkitRoot),
+				WithSourceRoot(sourceRoot),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, ti.ValidateOptions(&options))
+
+			err := ti.Install(&cli.Context{}, &options)
+			if tc.expectedError == nil {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.Contains(t, err.Error(), tc.expectedError.Error())
+			}
+
+			require.DirExists(t, toolkitRoot)
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "libnvidia-container.so.1", "libnvidia-container.so.99.88.77")
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "libnvidia-container-go.so.1", "libnvidia-container-go.so.99.88.77")
+
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-cdi-hook")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-cli")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime-hook")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime.cdi")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime.legacy")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-ctk")
+
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-toolkit", "nvidia-container-runtime-hook")
+
+			// TODO: Add checks for wrapper contents
+			// grep -q -E "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly" "${shared_dir}/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+			// grep -q -E "exec runc \".@\"" "${shared_dir}/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+			require.DirExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config"))
+			require.DirExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime"))
+			require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime", "config.toml"))
+
+			cfgToml, err := config.New(config.WithConfigFile(filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime", "config.toml")))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			cfg, err := cfgToml.Config()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Ensure that the config file has the required contents.
+			// TODO: Add checks for additional config options.
+			require.Equal(t, "/host/driver/root", cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Root)
+			require.Equal(t, "@/host/driver/root/sbin/ldconfig", string(cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Ldconfig))
+			require.EqualValues(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-cli"), cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Path)
+			require.EqualValues(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-ctk"), cfg.NVIDIACTKConfig.Path)
+
+			if len(tc.expectedCdiSpec) > 0 {
+				cdiSpecFile := filepath.Join(cdiOutputDir, "example.com-class.yaml")
+				require.FileExists(t, cdiSpecFile)
+				info, err := os.Stat(cdiSpecFile)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotZero(t, info.Mode()&0004)
+				contents, err := os.ReadFile(cdiSpecFile)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedCdiSpec, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(contents))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func requireWrappedExecutable(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedExecutable string) {
+	requireExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable)
+	requireExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable+".real")
+}
+
+func requireExecutable(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedExecutable string) {
+	executable := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable)
+	require.FileExists(t, executable)
+	info, err := os.Lstat(executable)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Zero(t, info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink)
+	require.NotZero(t, info.Mode()&0111)
+}
+
+func requireSymlink(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedLink string, expectedTarget string) {
+	link := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, expectedLink)
+	require.FileExists(t, link)
+	target, err := symlinks.Resolve(link)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, expectedTarget, target)
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/README.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ By default, all commands output to `STDOUT`, but specifying the `--output` flag
 
 ### Generate CDI specifications
 
-The [Container Device Interface (CDI)](https://github.com/container-orchestrated-devices/container-device-interface) provides
+The [Container Device Interface (CDI)](https://tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface) provides
 a vendor-agnostic mechanism to make arbitrary devices accessible in containerized environments. To allow NVIDIA devices to be
 used in these environments, the NVIDIA Container Toolkit CLI includes functionality to generate a CDI specification for the
 available NVIDIA GPUs in a system.

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/cdi.go

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 package cdi
 
 import (
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/generate"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/list"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/transform"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 type command struct {

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/generate/generate.go

@@ -22,14 +22,17 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	cdi "tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/platform-support/tegra/csv"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/spec"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/transform"
-	"github.com/container-orchestrated-devices/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -41,20 +44,28 @@ type command struct {
 }
 
 type options struct {
-	output             string
+	output               string
-	format             string
+	format               string
-	deviceNameStrategy string
+	deviceNameStrategies cli.StringSlice
-	driverRoot         string
+	driverRoot           string
-	nvidiaCTKPath      string
+	devRoot              string
-	mode               string
+	nvidiaCDIHookPath    string
-	vendor             string
+	ldconfigPath         string
-	class              string
+	mode                 string
+	vendor               string
+	class                string
 
+	configSearchPaths  cli.StringSlice
 	librarySearchPaths cli.StringSlice
+	disabledHooks      cli.StringSlice
 
 	csv struct {
-		files cli.StringSlice
+		files          cli.StringSlice
+		ignorePatterns cli.StringSlice
 	}
+
+	// the following are used for dependency injection during spec generation.
+	nvmllib nvml.Interface
 }
 
 // NewCommand constructs a generate-cdi command with the specified logger
@@ -82,44 +93,74 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 	}
 
 	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "config-search-path",
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to search for config files when discovering the entities that should be included in the CDI specification.",
+			Destination: &opts.configSearchPaths,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_CONFIG_SEARCH_PATHS"},
+		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "output",
 			Usage:       "Specify the file to output the generated CDI specification to. If this is '' the specification is output to STDOUT",
 			Destination: &opts.output,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_OUTPUT_FILE_PATH"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "format",
 			Usage:       "The output format for the generated spec [json | yaml]. This overrides the format defined by the output file extension (if specified).",
 			Value:       spec.FormatYAML,
 			Destination: &opts.format,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_OUTPUT_FORMAT"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "mode",
+			Name:    "mode",
-			Aliases:     []string{"discovery-mode"},
+			Aliases: []string{"discovery-mode"},
-			Usage:       "The mode to use when discovering the available entities. One of [auto | nvml | wsl]. If mode is set to 'auto' the mode will be determined based on the system configuration.",
+			Usage: "The mode to use when discovering the available entities. " +
-			Value:       nvcdi.ModeAuto,
+				"One of [" + strings.Join(nvcdi.AllModes[string](), " | ") + "]. " +
+				"If mode is set to 'auto' the mode will be determined based on the system configuration.",
+			Value:       string(nvcdi.ModeAuto),
 			Destination: &opts.mode,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_MODE"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "dev-root",
+			Usage:       "Specify the root where `/dev` is located. If this is not specified, the driver-root is assumed.",
+			Destination: &opts.devRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEV_ROOT"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
 			Name:        "device-name-strategy",
-			Usage:       "Specify the strategy for generating device names. One of [index | uuid | type-index]",
+			Usage:       "Specify the strategy for generating device names. If this is specified multiple times, the devices will be duplicated for each strategy. One of [index | uuid | type-index]",
-			Value:       nvcdi.DeviceNameStrategyIndex,
+			Value:       cli.NewStringSlice(nvcdi.DeviceNameStrategyIndex, nvcdi.DeviceNameStrategyUUID),
-			Destination: &opts.deviceNameStrategy,
+			Destination: &opts.deviceNameStrategies,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_DEVICE_NAME_STRATEGIES"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "driver-root",
 			Usage:       "Specify the NVIDIA GPU driver root to use when discovering the entities that should be included in the CDI specification.",
 			Destination: &opts.driverRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DRIVER_ROOT"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
 			Name:        "library-search-path",
 			Usage:       "Specify the path to search for libraries when discovering the entities that should be included in the CDI specification.\n\tNote: This option only applies to CSV mode.",
 			Destination: &opts.librarySearchPaths,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "nvidia-ctk-path",
+			Name:    "nvidia-cdi-hook-path",
-			Usage:       "Specify the path to use for the nvidia-ctk in the generated CDI specification. If this is left empty, the path will be searched.",
+			Aliases: []string{"nvidia-ctk-path"},
-			Destination: &opts.nvidiaCTKPath,
+			Usage: "Specify the path to use for the nvidia-cdi-hook in the generated CDI specification. " +
+				"If not specified, the PATH will be searched for `nvidia-cdi-hook`. " +
+				"NOTE: That if this is specified as `nvidia-ctk`, the PATH will be searched for `nvidia-ctk` instead.",
+			Destination: &opts.nvidiaCDIHookPath,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_HOOK_PATH"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "ldconfig-path",
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to use for ldconfig in the generated CDI specification",
+			Destination: &opts.ldconfigPath,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_LDCONFIG_PATH"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "vendor",
@@ -127,6 +168,7 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "the vendor string to use for the generated CDI specification.",
 			Value:       "nvidia.com",
 			Destination: &opts.vendor,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_VENDOR"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "class",
@@ -134,12 +176,30 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "the class string to use for the generated CDI specification.",
 			Value:       "gpu",
 			Destination: &opts.class,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_CLASS"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
 			Name:        "csv.file",
 			Usage:       "The path to the list of CSV files to use when generating the CDI specification in CSV mode.",
 			Value:       cli.NewStringSlice(csv.DefaultFileList()...),
 			Destination: &opts.csv.files,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_CSV_FILES"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "csv.ignore-pattern",
+			Usage:       "specify a pattern the CSV mount specifications.",
+			Destination: &opts.csv.ignorePatterns,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_CSV_IGNORE_PATTERNS"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:    "disable-hook",
+			Aliases: []string{"disable-hooks"},
+			Usage: "specify a specific hook to skip when generating CDI " +
+				"specifications. This can be specified multiple times and the " +
+				"special hook name 'all' can be used ensure that the generated " +
+				"CDI specification does not include any hooks.",
+			Destination: &opts.disabledHooks,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_DISABLED_HOOKS"},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -156,22 +216,18 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
 	}
 
 	opts.mode = strings.ToLower(opts.mode)
-	switch opts.mode {
+	if !nvcdi.IsValidMode(opts.mode) {
-	case nvcdi.ModeAuto:
-	case nvcdi.ModeCSV:
-	case nvcdi.ModeNvml:
-	case nvcdi.ModeWsl:
-	case nvcdi.ModeManagement:
-	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid discovery mode: %v", opts.mode)
 	}
 
-	_, err := nvcdi.NewDeviceNamer(opts.deviceNameStrategy)
+	for _, strategy := range opts.deviceNameStrategies.Value() {
-	if err != nil {
+		_, err := nvcdi.NewDeviceNamer(strategy)
-		return err
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 
-	opts.nvidiaCTKPath = config.ResolveNVIDIACTKPath(m.logger, opts.nvidiaCTKPath)
+	opts.nvidiaCDIHookPath = config.ResolveNVIDIACDIHookPath(m.logger, opts.nvidiaCDIHookPath)
 
 	if outputFileFormat := formatFromFilename(opts.output); outputFileFormat != "" {
 		m.logger.Debugf("Inferred output format as %q from output file name", outputFileFormat)
@@ -222,20 +278,36 @@ func formatFromFilename(filename string) string {
 }
 
 func (m command) generateSpec(opts *options) (spec.Interface, error) {
-	deviceNamer, err := nvcdi.NewDeviceNamer(opts.deviceNameStrategy)
+	var deviceNamers []nvcdi.DeviceNamer
-	if err != nil {
+	for _, strategy := range opts.deviceNameStrategies.Value() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create device namer: %v", err)
+		deviceNamer, err := nvcdi.NewDeviceNamer(strategy)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create device namer: %v", err)
+		}
+		deviceNamers = append(deviceNamers, deviceNamer)
 	}
 
-	cdilib, err := nvcdi.New(
+	cdiOptions := []nvcdi.Option{
 		nvcdi.WithLogger(m.logger),
 		nvcdi.WithDriverRoot(opts.driverRoot),
-		nvcdi.WithNVIDIACTKPath(opts.nvidiaCTKPath),
+		nvcdi.WithDevRoot(opts.devRoot),
-		nvcdi.WithDeviceNamer(deviceNamer),
+		nvcdi.WithNVIDIACDIHookPath(opts.nvidiaCDIHookPath),
-		nvcdi.WithMode(string(opts.mode)),
+		nvcdi.WithLdconfigPath(opts.ldconfigPath),
-		nvcdi.WithCSVFiles(opts.csv.files.Value()),
+		nvcdi.WithDeviceNamers(deviceNamers...),
+		nvcdi.WithMode(opts.mode),
+		nvcdi.WithConfigSearchPaths(opts.configSearchPaths.Value()),
 		nvcdi.WithLibrarySearchPaths(opts.librarySearchPaths.Value()),
-	)
+		nvcdi.WithCSVFiles(opts.csv.files.Value()),
+		nvcdi.WithCSVIgnorePatterns(opts.csv.ignorePatterns.Value()),
+		// We set the following to allow for dependency injection:
+		nvcdi.WithNvmlLib(opts.nvmllib),
+	}
+
+	for _, hook := range opts.disabledHooks.Value() {
+		cdiOptions = append(cdiOptions, nvcdi.WithDisabledHook(hook))
+	}
+
+	cdilib, err := nvcdi.New(cdiOptions...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create CDI library: %v", err)
 	}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/generate/generate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package generate
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml/mock/dgxa100"
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestGenerateSpec(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	driverRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", "rootfs-1")
+
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description           string
+		options               options
+		expectedValidateError error
+		expectedOptions       options
+		expectedError         error
+		expectedSpec          string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "default",
+			options: options{
+				format:     "yaml",
+				mode:       "nvml",
+				vendor:     "example.com",
+				class:      "device",
+				driverRoot: driverRoot,
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+    - name: "0"
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    deviceNodes:
+        - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+          hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+    hooks:
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - create-symlinks
+            - --link
+            - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - enable-cuda-compat
+            - --host-driver-version=999.88.77
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - update-ldcache
+            - --folder
+            - /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - disable-device-node-modification
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "disableHooks1",
+			options: options{
+				format:        "yaml",
+				mode:          "nvml",
+				vendor:        "example.com",
+				class:         "device",
+				driverRoot:    driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks: valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("enable-cuda-compat")),
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks:     valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("enable-cuda-compat")),
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+    - name: "0"
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    deviceNodes:
+        - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+          hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+    hooks:
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - create-symlinks
+            - --link
+            - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - update-ldcache
+            - --folder
+            - /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - disable-device-node-modification
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "disableHooks2",
+			options: options{
+				format:        "yaml",
+				mode:          "nvml",
+				vendor:        "example.com",
+				class:         "device",
+				driverRoot:    driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks: valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("enable-cuda-compat", "update-ldcache")),
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks:     valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("enable-cuda-compat", "update-ldcache")),
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+    - name: "0"
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    deviceNodes:
+        - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+          hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+    hooks:
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - create-symlinks
+            - --link
+            - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - disable-device-node-modification
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "disableHooksAll",
+			options: options{
+				format:        "yaml",
+				mode:          "nvml",
+				vendor:        "example.com",
+				class:         "device",
+				driverRoot:    driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks: valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("all")),
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks:     valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("all")),
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+    - name: "0"
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    deviceNodes:
+        - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+          hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := command{
+				logger: logger,
+			}
+
+			err := c.validateFlags(nil, &tc.options)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.expectedValidateError)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedOptions, tc.options)
+
+			// Set up a mock server, reusing the DGX A100 mock.
+			server := dgxa100.New()
+			// Override the driver version to match the version in our mock filesystem.
+			server.SystemGetDriverVersionFunc = func() (string, nvml.Return) {
+				return "999.88.77", nvml.SUCCESS
+			}
+			// Set the device count to 1 explicitly since we only have a single device node.
+			server.DeviceGetCountFunc = func() (int, nvml.Return) {
+				return 1, nvml.SUCCESS
+			}
+			for _, d := range server.Devices {
+				// TODO: This is not implemented in the mock.
+				(d.(*dgxa100.Device)).GetMaxMigDeviceCountFunc = func() (int, nvml.Return) {
+					return 0, nvml.SUCCESS
+				}
+			}
+			tc.options.nvmllib = server
+
+			spec, err := c.generateSpec(&tc.options)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.expectedError)
+
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			_, err = spec.WriteTo(&buf)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.Equal(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedSpec, "{{ .driverRoot }}", driverRoot), buf.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// valueOf returns the value of a pointer.
+// Note that this does not check for a nil pointer and is only used for testing.
+func valueOf[T any](v *T) T {
+	return *v
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/list/list.go

@@ -17,18 +17,22 @@
 package list
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/container-orchestrated-devices/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 )
 
 type command struct {
 	logger logger.Interface
 }
 
-type config struct{}
+type config struct {
+	cdiSpecDirs cli.StringSlice
+}
 
 // NewCommand constructs a cdi list command with the specified logger
 func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
@@ -54,30 +58,45 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 		},
 	}
 
-	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{}
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:        "spec-dir",
+			Usage:       "specify the directories to scan for CDI specifications",
+			Value:       cli.NewStringSlice(cdi.DefaultSpecDirs...),
+			Destination: &cfg.cdiSpecDirs,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_SPEC_DIRS"},
+		},
+	}
 
 	return &c
 }
 
 func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
+	if len(cfg.cdiSpecDirs.Value()) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("at least one CDI specification directory must be specified")
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
 	registry, err := cdi.NewCache(
 		cdi.WithAutoRefresh(false),
-		cdi.WithSpecDirs(cdi.DefaultSpecDirs...),
+		cdi.WithSpecDirs(cfg.cdiSpecDirs.Value()...),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create CDI cache: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	refreshErr := registry.Refresh()
+	_ = registry.Refresh()
+	if errors := registry.GetErrors(); len(errors) > 0 {
+		m.logger.Warningf("The following registry errors were reported:")
+		for k, err := range errors {
+			m.logger.Warningf("%v: %v", k, err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	devices := registry.ListDevices()
 	m.logger.Infof("Found %d CDI devices", len(devices))
-	if refreshErr != nil {
-		m.logger.Warningf("Refreshing the CDI registry returned the following error(s): %v", refreshErr)
-	}
 	for _, device := range devices {
 		fmt.Printf("%s\n", device)
 	}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/transform/root/root.go

@@ -21,18 +21,14 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/spec"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/transform"
+	transformroot "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/transform/root"
-	"github.com/container-orchestrated-devices/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
-type loadSaver interface {
-	Load() (spec.Interface, error)
-	Save(spec.Interface) error
-}
-
 type command struct {
 	logger logger.Interface
 }
@@ -44,8 +40,9 @@ type transformOptions struct {
 
 type options struct {
 	transformOptions
-	from string
+	from       string
-	to   string
+	to         string
+	relativeTo string
 }
 
 // NewCommand constructs a generate-cdi command with the specified logger
@@ -72,6 +69,11 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 	}
 
 	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "from",
+			Usage:       "specify the root to be transformed",
+			Destination: &opts.from,
+		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "input",
 			Usage:       "Specify the file to read the CDI specification from. If this is '-' the specification is read from STDIN",
@@ -84,9 +86,10 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Destination: &opts.output,
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "from",
+			Name:        "relative-to",
-			Usage:       "specify the root to be transformed",
+			Usage:       "specify whether the transform is relative to the host or to the container. One of [ host | container ]",
-			Destination: &opts.from,
+			Value:       "host",
+			Destination: &opts.relativeTo,
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "to",
@@ -100,6 +103,12 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 }
 
 func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
+	switch opts.relativeTo {
+	case "host":
+	case "container":
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --relative-to value: %v", opts.relativeTo)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -109,9 +118,10 @@ func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load CDI specification: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = transform.NewRootTransformer(
+	err = transformroot.New(
-		opts.from,
+		transformroot.WithRoot(opts.from),
-		opts.to,
+		transformroot.WithTargetRoot(opts.to),
+		transformroot.WithRelativeTo(opts.relativeTo),
 	).Transform(spec.Raw())
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to transform CDI specification: %w", err)

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/transform/transform.go

@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 package transform
 
 import (
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/transform/root"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 type command struct {

cmd/nvidia-ctk/config/config.go

@@ -19,14 +19,16 @@ package config
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
 	createdefault "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/config/create-default"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/config/flags"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 type command struct {
@@ -36,7 +38,8 @@ type command struct {
 // options stores the subcommand options
 type options struct {
 	flags.Options
-	sets cli.StringSlice
+	setListSeparator string
+	sets             cli.StringSlice
 }
 
 // NewCommand constructs an config command with the specified logger
@@ -55,6 +58,9 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 	c := cli.Command{
 		Name:  "config",
 		Usage: "Interact with the NVIDIA Container Toolkit configuration",
+		Before: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+			return validateFlags(ctx, &opts)
+		},
 		Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			return run(ctx, &opts)
 		},
@@ -69,10 +75,21 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Destination: &opts.Config,
 		},
 		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
-			Name:        "set",
+			Name: "set",
-			Usage:       "Set a config value using the pattern key=value. If value is empty, this is equivalent to specifying the same key in unset. This flag can be specified multiple times",
+			Usage: "Set a config value using the pattern 'key[=value]'. " +
+				"Specifying only 'key' is equivalent to 'key=true' for boolean settings. " +
+				"This flag can be specified multiple times, but only the last value for a specific " +
+				"config option is applied. " +
+				"If the setting represents a list, the elements are colon-separated.",
 			Destination: &opts.sets,
 		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "set-list-separator",
+			Usage:       "Specify a separator for lists applied using the set command.",
+			Hidden:      true,
+			Value:       ":",
+			Destination: &opts.setListSeparator,
+		},
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
 			Name:        "in-place",
 			Aliases:     []string{"i"},
@@ -94,6 +111,13 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 	return &c
 }
 
+func validateFlags(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
+	if opts.setListSeparator == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("set-list-separator must be set")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func run(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
 	cfgToml, err := config.New(
 		config.WithConfigFile(opts.Config),
@@ -103,11 +127,15 @@ func run(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, set := range opts.sets.Value() {
-		key, value, err := (*configToml)(cfgToml).setFlagToKeyValue(set)
+		key, value, err := setFlagToKeyValue(set, opts.setListSeparator)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("invalid --set option %v: %w", set, err)
 		}
-		cfgToml.Set(key, value)
+		if value == nil {
+			_ = cfgToml.Delete(key)
+		} else {
+			cfgToml.Set(key, value)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if err := opts.EnsureOutputFolder(); err != nil {
@@ -119,57 +147,105 @@ func run(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
 	}
 	defer output.Close()
 
-	if err != nil {
+	if _, err := cfgToml.Save(output); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save config: %v", err)
 	}
-	cfgToml.Save(output)
+
 	return nil
 }
 
-type configToml config.Toml
-
 var errInvalidConfigOption = errors.New("invalid config option")
+var errUndefinedField = errors.New("undefined field")
 var errInvalidFormat = errors.New("invalid format")
 
 // setFlagToKeyValue converts a --set flag to a key-value pair.
 // The set flag is of the form key[=value], with the value being optional if key refers to a
 // boolean config option.
-func (c *configToml) setFlagToKeyValue(setFlag string) (string, interface{}, error) {
+func setFlagToKeyValue(setFlag string, setListSeparator string) (string, interface{}, error) {
-	if c == nil {
-		return "", nil, errInvalidConfigOption
-	}
-
 	setParts := strings.SplitN(setFlag, "=", 2)
 	key := setParts[0]
 
-	v := (*config.Toml)(c).Get(key)
+	field, err := getField(key)
-	if v == nil {
+	if err != nil {
-		return key, nil, errInvalidConfigOption
+		return key, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", errInvalidConfigOption, err)
-	}
-	switch v.(type) {
-	case bool:
-		if len(setParts) == 1 {
-			return key, true, nil
-		}
 	}
 
+	kind := field.Kind()
 	if len(setParts) != 2 {
+		if kind == reflect.Bool || (kind == reflect.Pointer && field.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Bool) {
+			return key, true, nil
+		}
 		return key, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected key=value; got %v", errInvalidFormat, setFlag)
 	}
 
 	value := setParts[1]
-	switch vt := v.(type) {
+	if kind == reflect.Pointer && value != "nil" {
-	case bool:
+		kind = field.Elem().Kind()
+	}
+	switch kind {
+	case reflect.Pointer:
+		return key, nil, nil
+	case reflect.Bool:
 		b, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
 		if err != nil {
 			return key, value, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", errInvalidFormat, err)
 		}
-		return key, b, err
+		return key, b, nil
-	case string:
+	case reflect.String:
 		return key, value, nil
-	case []string:
+	case reflect.Slice:
-		return key, strings.Split(value, ","), nil
+		valueParts := []string{value}
-	default:
+		for _, sep := range []string{setListSeparator, ","} {
-		return key, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported type for %v (%v)", setParts, vt)
+			if !strings.Contains(value, sep) {
+				continue
+			}
+			valueParts = strings.Split(value, sep)
+			break
+		}
+		switch field.Elem().Kind() {
+		case reflect.String:
+			return key, valueParts, nil
+		case reflect.Int:
+			var output []int64
+			for _, v := range valueParts {
+				vi, err := strconv.ParseInt(v, 10, 0)
+				if err != nil {
+					return key, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", errInvalidFormat, err)
+				}
+				output = append(output, vi)
+			}
+			return key, output, nil
+		}
 	}
+	return key, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported type for %v (%v)", setParts, kind)
+}
+
+func getField(key string) (reflect.Type, error) {
+	s, err := getStruct(reflect.TypeOf(config.Config{}), strings.Split(key, ".")...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.Type, err
+}
+
+func getStruct(current reflect.Type, paths ...string) (reflect.StructField, error) {
+	if len(paths) < 1 {
+		return reflect.StructField{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: no fields selected", errUndefinedField)
+	}
+	tomlField := paths[0]
+	for i := 0; i < current.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := current.Field(i)
+		v, ok := f.Tag.Lookup("toml")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.SplitN(v, ",", 2)[0] != tomlField {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(paths) == 1 {
+			return f, nil
+		}
+		return getStruct(f.Type, paths[1:]...)
+	}
+	return reflect.StructField{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", errUndefinedField, tomlField)
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk/config/config_test.go

@@ -19,152 +19,122 @@ package config
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
-	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestSetFlagToKeyValue(t *testing.T) {
+	// TODO: We need to enable this test again since switching to reflect.
 	testCases := []struct {
-		description   string
+		description      string
-		config        map[string]interface{}
+		setFlag          string
-		setFlag       string
+		setListSeparator string
-		expectedKey   string
+		expectedKey      string
-		expectedValue interface{}
+		expectedValue    interface{}
-		expectedError error
+		expectedError    error
 	}{
 		{
-			description:   "empty config returns an error",
+			description:   "option not present returns an error",
-			setFlag:       "anykey=value",
-			expectedKey:   "anykey",
-			expectedError: errInvalidConfigOption,
-		},
-		{
-			description: "option not present returns an error",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
-				"defined": "defined-value",
-			},
 			setFlag:       "undefined=new-value",
 			expectedKey:   "undefined",
 			expectedError: errInvalidConfigOption,
 		},
 		{
-			description: "boolean option assumes true",
+			description:   "undefined nexted option returns error",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "nvidia-container-cli.undefined",
-				"boolean": false,
+			expectedKey:   "nvidia-container-cli.undefined",
-			},
+			expectedError: errInvalidConfigOption,
-			setFlag:       "boolean",
+		},
-			expectedKey:   "boolean",
+		{
+			description:   "boolean option assumes true",
+			setFlag:       "disable-require",
+			expectedKey:   "disable-require",
 			expectedValue: true,
 		},
 		{
-			description: "boolean option returns true",
+			description:   "boolean option returns true",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "disable-require=true",
-				"boolean": false,
+			expectedKey:   "disable-require",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "boolean=true",
-			expectedKey:   "boolean",
 			expectedValue: true,
 		},
 		{
-			description: "boolean option returns false",
+			description:   "boolean option returns false",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "disable-require=false",
-				"boolean": false,
+			expectedKey:   "disable-require",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "boolean=false",
-			expectedKey:   "boolean",
 			expectedValue: false,
 		},
 		{
-			description: "invalid boolean option returns error",
+			description:   "invalid boolean option returns error",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "disable-require=something",
-				"boolean": false,
+			expectedKey:   "disable-require",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "boolean=something",
-			expectedKey:   "boolean",
 			expectedValue: "something",
 			expectedError: errInvalidFormat,
 		},
 		{
-			description: "string option requires value",
+			description:   "string option requires value",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "swarm-resource",
-				"string": "value",
+			expectedKey:   "swarm-resource",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "string",
-			expectedKey:   "string",
 			expectedValue: nil,
 			expectedError: errInvalidFormat,
 		},
 		{
-			description: "string option returns value",
+			description:   "string option returns value",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "swarm-resource=string-value",
-				"string": "value",
+			expectedKey:   "swarm-resource",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "string=string-value",
-			expectedKey:   "string",
 			expectedValue: "string-value",
 		},
 		{
-			description: "string option returns value with equals",
+			description:   "string option returns value with equals",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "swarm-resource=string-value=more",
-				"string": "value",
+			expectedKey:   "swarm-resource",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "string=string-value=more",
-			expectedKey:   "string",
 			expectedValue: "string-value=more",
 		},
 		{
-			description: "string option treats bool value as string",
+			description:   "string option treats bool value as string",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "swarm-resource=true",
-				"string": "value",
+			expectedKey:   "swarm-resource",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "string=true",
-			expectedKey:   "string",
 			expectedValue: "true",
 		},
 		{
-			description: "string option treats int value as string",
+			description:   "string option treats int value as string",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "swarm-resource=5",
-				"string": "value",
+			expectedKey:   "swarm-resource",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "string=5",
-			expectedKey:   "string",
 			expectedValue: "5",
 		},
 		{
-			description: "[]string option returns single value",
+			description:   "[]string option returns single value",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:       "nvidia-container-cli.environment=string-value",
-				"string": []string{"value"},
+			expectedKey:   "nvidia-container-cli.environment",
-			},
-			setFlag:       "string=string-value",
-			expectedKey:   "string",
 			expectedValue: []string{"string-value"},
 		},
 		{
-			description: "[]string option returns multiple values",
+			description:      "[]string option returns multiple values",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:          "nvidia-container-cli.environment=first,second",
-				"string": []string{"value"},
+			setListSeparator: ",",
-			},
+			expectedKey:      "nvidia-container-cli.environment",
-			setFlag:       "string=first,second",
+			expectedValue:    []string{"first", "second"},
-			expectedKey:   "string",
-			expectedValue: []string{"first", "second"},
 		},
 		{
-			description: "[]string option returns values with equals",
+			description:      "[]string option returns values with equals",
-			config: map[string]interface{}{
+			setFlag:          "nvidia-container-cli.environment=first=1,second=2",
-				"string": []string{"value"},
+			setListSeparator: ",",
-			},
+			expectedKey:      "nvidia-container-cli.environment",
-			setFlag:       "string=first=1,second=2",
+			expectedValue:    []string{"first=1", "second=2"},
-			expectedKey:   "string",
+		},
-			expectedValue: []string{"first=1", "second=2"},
+		{
+			description:      "[]string option returns multiple values semi-colon",
+			setFlag:          "nvidia-container-cli.environment=first;second",
+			setListSeparator: ";",
+			expectedKey:      "nvidia-container-cli.environment",
+			expectedValue:    []string{"first", "second"},
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			tree, _ := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.config)
+			if tc.setListSeparator == "" {
-			cfgToml := (*config.Toml)(tree)
+				tc.setListSeparator = ","
-			k, v, err := (*configToml)(cfgToml).setFlagToKeyValue(tc.setFlag)
+			}
+			k, v, err := setFlagToKeyValue(tc.setFlag, tc.setListSeparator)
 			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.expectedError)
 			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedKey, k)
 			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedValue, v)

cmd/nvidia-ctk/config/create-default/create-default.go

@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@ package defaultsubcommand
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/config/flags"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 type command struct {
@@ -85,8 +86,7 @@ func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, opts *flags.Options) error {
 	}
 	defer output.Close()
 
-	_, err = cfgToml.Save(output)
+	if _, err = cfgToml.Save(output); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write output: %v", err)
 	}
 

cmd/nvidia-ctk/hook/create-symlinks/create-symlinks.go

@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-/**
-# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-**/
-
-package symlinks
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup/symlinks"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/platform-support/tegra/csv"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-)
-
-type command struct {
-	logger logger.Interface
-}
-
-type config struct {
-	hostRoot      string
-	filenames     cli.StringSlice
-	links         cli.StringSlice
-	containerSpec string
-}
-
-// NewCommand constructs a hook command with the specified logger
-func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
-	c := command{
-		logger: logger,
-	}
-	return c.build()
-}
-
-// build
-func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
-	cfg := config{}
-
-	// Create the '' command
-	c := cli.Command{
-		Name:  "create-symlinks",
-		Usage: "A hook to create symlinks in the container. This can be used to proces CSV mount specs",
-		Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-			return m.run(c, &cfg)
-		},
-	}
-
-	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "host-root",
-			Usage:       "The root on the host filesystem to use to resolve symlinks",
-			Destination: &cfg.hostRoot,
-		},
-		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
-			Name:        "csv-filename",
-			Usage:       "Specify a (CSV) filename to process",
-			Destination: &cfg.filenames,
-		},
-		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
-			Name:        "link",
-			Usage:       "Specify a specific link to create. The link is specified as target::link",
-			Destination: &cfg.links,
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "container-spec",
-			Usage:       "Specify the path to the OCI container spec. If empty or '-' the spec will be read from STDIN",
-			Destination: &cfg.containerSpec,
-		},
-	}
-
-	return &c
-}
-
-func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	s, err := oci.LoadContainerState(cfg.containerSpec)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	containerRoot, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	csvFiles := cfg.filenames.Value()
-
-	chainLocator := lookup.NewSymlinkChainLocator(
-		lookup.WithLogger(m.logger),
-		lookup.WithRoot(cfg.hostRoot),
-	)
-
-	var candidates []string
-	for _, file := range csvFiles {
-		mountSpecs, err := csv.NewCSVFileParser(m.logger, file).Parse()
-		if err != nil {
-			m.logger.Debugf("Skipping CSV file %v: %v", file, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, ms := range mountSpecs {
-			if ms.Type != csv.MountSpecSym {
-				continue
-			}
-			targets, err := chainLocator.Locate(ms.Path)
-			if err != nil {
-				m.logger.Warningf("Failed to locate symlink %v", ms.Path)
-			}
-			candidates = append(candidates, targets...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	created := make(map[string]bool)
-	// candidates is a list of absolute paths to symlinks in a chain, or the final target of the chain.
-	for _, candidate := range candidates {
-		target, err := symlinks.Resolve(candidate)
-		if err != nil {
-			m.logger.Debugf("Skipping invalid link: %v", err)
-			continue
-		} else if target == candidate {
-			m.logger.Debugf("%v is not a symlink", candidate)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		err = m.createLink(created, cfg.hostRoot, containerRoot, target, candidate)
-		if err != nil {
-			m.logger.Warningf("Failed to create link %v: %v", []string{target, candidate}, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	links := cfg.links.Value()
-	for _, l := range links {
-		parts := strings.Split(l, "::")
-		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			m.logger.Warningf("Invalid link specification %v", l)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		err := m.createLink(created, cfg.hostRoot, containerRoot, parts[0], parts[1])
-		if err != nil {
-			m.logger.Warningf("Failed to create link %v: %v", parts, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-
-}
-
-func (m command) createLink(created map[string]bool, hostRoot string, containerRoot string, target string, link string) error {
-	linkPath, err := changeRoot(hostRoot, containerRoot, link)
-	if err != nil {
-		m.logger.Warningf("Failed to resolve path for link %v relative to %v: %v", link, containerRoot, err)
-	}
-	if created[linkPath] {
-		m.logger.Debugf("Link %v already created", linkPath)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	targetPath, err := changeRoot(hostRoot, "/", target)
-	if err != nil {
-		m.logger.Warningf("Failed to resolve path for target %v relative to %v: %v", target, "/", err)
-	}
-
-	m.logger.Infof("Symlinking %v to %v", linkPath, targetPath)
-	err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(linkPath), 0755)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %v", err)
-	}
-	err = os.Symlink(target, linkPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create symlink: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func changeRoot(current string, new string, path string) (string, error) {
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(path) {
-		return path, nil
-	}
-
-	relative := path
-	if current != "" {
-		r, err := filepath.Rel(current, path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		relative = r
-	}
-
-	return filepath.Join(new, relative), nil
-}
-
-// Locate returns the link target of the specified filename or an empty slice if the
-// specified filename is not a symlink.
-func (m command) Locate(filename string) ([]string, error) {
-	info, err := os.Lstat(filename)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get file info: %v", info)
-	}
-	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
-		m.logger.Debugf("%v is not a symlink", filename)
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	target, err := os.Readlink(filename)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error checking symlink: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	m.logger.Debugf("Resolved link: '%v' => '%v'", filename, target)
-
-	return []string{target}, nil
-}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/hook/hook.go

@@ -17,11 +17,9 @@
 package hook
 
 import (
-	chmod "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/hook/chmod"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/commands"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 
-	symlinks "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/hook/create-symlinks"
-	ldcache "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/hook/update-ldcache"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ type hookCommand struct {
 	logger logger.Interface
 }
 
-// NewCommand constructs a hook command with the specified logger
+// NewCommand constructs CLI subcommand for handling CDI hooks.
 func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
 	c := hookCommand{
 		logger: logger,
@@ -39,17 +37,24 @@ func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
 
 // build
 func (m hookCommand) build() *cli.Command {
-	// Create the 'hook' command
+	// Create the 'hook' subcommand
 	hook := cli.Command{
 		Name:  "hook",
 		Usage: "A collection of hooks that may be injected into an OCI spec",
+		// We set the default action for the `hook` subcommand to issue a
+		// warning and exit with no error.
+		// This means that if an unsupported hook is run, a container will not fail
+		// to launch. An unsupported hook could be the result of a CDI specification
+		// referring to a new hook that is not yet supported by an older NVIDIA
+		// Container Toolkit version or a hook that has been removed in newer
+		// version.
+		Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+			commands.IssueUnsupportedHookWarning(m.logger, ctx)
+			return nil
+		},
 	}
 
-	hook.Subcommands = []*cli.Command{
+	hook.Subcommands = commands.New(m.logger)
-		ldcache.NewCommand(m.logger),
-		symlinks.NewCommand(m.logger),
-		chmod.NewCommand(m.logger),
-	}
 
 	return &hook
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk/hook/update-ldcache/update-ldcache.go

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-/**
-# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-**/
-
-package ldcache
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-)
-
-type command struct {
-	logger logger.Interface
-}
-
-type config struct {
-	folders       cli.StringSlice
-	containerSpec string
-}
-
-// NewCommand constructs an update-ldcache command with the specified logger
-func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
-	c := command{
-		logger: logger,
-	}
-	return c.build()
-}
-
-// build the update-ldcache command
-func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
-	cfg := config{}
-
-	// Create the 'update-ldcache' command
-	c := cli.Command{
-		Name:  "update-ldcache",
-		Usage: "Update ldcache in a container by running ldconfig",
-		Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-			return m.run(c, &cfg)
-		},
-	}
-
-	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
-			Name:        "folder",
-			Usage:       "Specifiy a folder to add to /etc/ld.so.conf before updating the ld cache",
-			Destination: &cfg.folders,
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "container-spec",
-			Usage:       "Specify the path to the OCI container spec. If empty or '-' the spec will be read from STDIN",
-			Destination: &cfg.containerSpec,
-		},
-	}
-
-	return &c
-}
-
-func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	s, err := oci.LoadContainerState(cfg.containerSpec)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	containerRoot, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = os.Stat(filepath.Join(containerRoot, "/etc/ld.so.cache"))
-	if err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		m.logger.Debugf("No ld.so.cache found, skipping update")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	err = m.createConfig(containerRoot, cfg.folders.Value())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update ld.so.conf: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	args := []string{"/sbin/ldconfig"}
-	if containerRoot != "" {
-		args = append(args, "-r", containerRoot)
-	}
-
-	return syscall.Exec(args[0], args, nil)
-}
-
-// createConfig creates (or updates) /etc/ld.so.conf.d/nvcr-<RANDOM_STRING>.conf in the container
-// to include the required paths.
-func (m command) createConfig(root string, folders []string) error {
-	if len(folders) == 0 {
-		m.logger.Debugf("No folders to add to /etc/ld.so.conf")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(root, "/etc/ld.so.conf.d"), 0755); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create ld.so.conf.d: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	configFile, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Join(root, "/etc/ld.so.conf.d"), "nvcr-*.conf")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config file: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer configFile.Close()
-
-	m.logger.Debugf("Adding folders %v to %v", folders, configFile.Name())
-
-	configured := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, folder := range folders {
-		if configured[folder] {
-			continue
-		}
-		_, err = configFile.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", folder))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update ld.so.conf.d: %v", err)
-		}
-		configured[folder] = true
-	}
-
-	// The created file needs to be world readable for the cases where the container is run as a non-root user.
-	if err := os.Chmod(configFile.Name(), 0644); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to chmod config file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/info/info.go

@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@
 package info
 
 import (
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 )
 
 type command struct {

cmd/nvidia-ctk/main.go

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ package main
 import (
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/hook"
@@ -26,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/runtime"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/system"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	// Create the top-level CLI
 	c := cli.NewApp()
+	c.DisableSliceFlagSeparator = true
 	c.Name = "NVIDIA Container Toolkit CLI"
 	c.UseShortOptionHandling = true
 	c.EnableBashCompletion = true

cmd/nvidia-ctk/runtime/configure/configure.go

@@ -20,13 +20,15 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/crio"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/docker"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/ocihook"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -42,13 +44,17 @@ const (
 	defaultContainerdConfigFilePath = "/etc/containerd/config.toml"
 	defaultCrioConfigFilePath       = "/etc/crio/crio.conf"
 	defaultDockerConfigFilePath     = "/etc/docker/daemon.json"
+
+	defaultConfigSource = configSourceFile
+	configSourceCommand = "command"
+	configSourceFile    = "file"
 )
 
 type command struct {
 	logger logger.Interface
 }
 
-// NewCommand constructs an configure command with the specified logger
+// NewCommand constructs a configure command with the specified logger
 func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
 	c := command{
 		logger: logger,
@@ -62,6 +68,8 @@ type config struct {
 	dryRun         bool
 	runtime        string
 	configFilePath string
+	executablePath string
+	configSource   string
 	mode           string
 	hookFilePath   string
 
@@ -71,6 +79,11 @@ type config struct {
 		hookPath     string
 		setAsDefault bool
 	}
+
+	// cdi-specific options
+	cdi struct {
+		enabled bool
+	}
 }
 
 func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
@@ -106,11 +119,22 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "path to the config file for the target runtime",
 			Destination: &config.configFilePath,
 		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "executable-path",
+			Usage:       "The path to the runtime executable. This is used to extract the current config",
+			Destination: &config.executablePath,
+		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "config-mode",
 			Usage:       "the config mode for runtimes that support multiple configuration mechanisms",
 			Destination: &config.mode,
 		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "config-source",
+			Usage:       "the source to retrieve the container runtime configuration; one of [command, file]\"",
+			Destination: &config.configSource,
+			Value:       defaultConfigSource,
+		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "oci-hook-path",
 			Usage:       "the path to the OCI runtime hook to create if --config-mode=oci-hook is specified. If no path is specified, the generated hook is output to STDOUT.\n\tNote: The use of OCI hooks is deprecated.",
@@ -141,6 +165,12 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "set the NVIDIA runtime as the default runtime",
 			Destination: &config.nvidiaRuntime.setAsDefault,
 		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "cdi.enabled",
+			Aliases:     []string{"cdi.enable", "enable-cdi"},
+			Usage:       "Enable CDI in the configured runtime",
+			Destination: &config.cdi.enabled,
+		},
 	}
 
 	return &configure
@@ -175,6 +205,41 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if config.runtime != "containerd" && config.runtime != "docker" {
+		if config.cdi.enabled {
+			m.logger.Warningf("Ignoring cdi.enabled flag for %v", config.runtime)
+		}
+		config.cdi.enabled = false
+	}
+
+	if config.executablePath != "" && config.runtime == "docker" {
+		m.logger.Warningf("Ignoring executable-path=%q flag for %v", config.executablePath, config.runtime)
+		config.executablePath = ""
+	}
+
+	switch config.configSource {
+	case configSourceCommand:
+		if config.runtime == "docker" {
+			m.logger.Warningf("A %v Config Source is not supported for %v; using %v", config.configSource, config.runtime, configSourceFile)
+			config.configSource = configSourceFile
+		}
+	case configSourceFile:
+		break
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized Config Source: %v", config.configSource)
+	}
+
+	if config.configFilePath == "" {
+		switch config.runtime {
+		case "containerd":
+			config.configFilePath = defaultContainerdConfigFilePath
+		case "crio":
+			config.configFilePath = defaultCrioConfigFilePath
+		case "docker":
+			config.configFilePath = defaultDockerConfigFilePath
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -191,25 +256,29 @@ func (m command) configureWrapper(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
 
 // configureConfigFile updates the specified container engine config file to enable the NVIDIA runtime.
 func (m command) configureConfigFile(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
-	configFilePath := config.resolveConfigFilePath()
+	configSource, err := config.resolveConfigSource()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	var cfg engine.Interface
-	var err error
 	switch config.runtime {
 	case "containerd":
 		cfg, err = containerd.New(
 			containerd.WithLogger(m.logger),
-			containerd.WithPath(configFilePath),
+			containerd.WithPath(config.configFilePath),
+			containerd.WithConfigSource(configSource),
 		)
 	case "crio":
 		cfg, err = crio.New(
 			crio.WithLogger(m.logger),
-			crio.WithPath(configFilePath),
+			crio.WithPath(config.configFilePath),
+			crio.WithConfigSource(configSource),
 		)
 	case "docker":
 		cfg, err = docker.New(
 			docker.WithLogger(m.logger),
-			docker.WithPath(configFilePath),
+			docker.WithPath(config.configFilePath),
 		)
 	default:
 		err = fmt.Errorf("unrecognized runtime '%v'", config.runtime)
@@ -227,7 +296,11 @@ func (m command) configureConfigFile(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to update config: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	outputPath := config.getOuputConfigPath()
+	if config.cdi.enabled {
+		cfg.EnableCDI()
+	}
+
+	outputPath := config.getOutputConfigPath()
 	n, err := cfg.Save(outputPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to flush config: %v", err)
@@ -245,28 +318,35 @@ func (m command) configureConfigFile(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// resolveConfigFilePath returns the default config file path for the configured container engine
+// resolveConfigSource returns the default config source or the user provided config source
-func (c *config) resolveConfigFilePath() string {
+func (c *config) resolveConfigSource() (toml.Loader, error) {
-	if c.configFilePath != "" {
+	switch c.configSource {
-		return c.configFilePath
+	case configSourceCommand:
+		return c.getCommandConfigSource(), nil
+	case configSourceFile:
+		return toml.FromFile(c.configFilePath), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized config source: %s", c.configSource)
 	}
-	switch c.runtime {
-	case "containerd":
-		return defaultContainerdConfigFilePath
-	case "crio":
-		return defaultCrioConfigFilePath
-	case "docker":
-		return defaultDockerConfigFilePath
-	}
-	return ""
 }
 
-// getOuputConfigPath returns the configured config path or "" if dry-run is enabled
+// getConfigSourceCommand returns the default cli command to fetch the current runtime config
-func (c *config) getOuputConfigPath() string {
+func (c *config) getCommandConfigSource() toml.Loader {
+	switch c.runtime {
+	case "containerd":
+		return containerd.CommandLineSource("", c.executablePath)
+	case "crio":
+		return crio.CommandLineSource("", c.executablePath)
+	}
+	return toml.Empty
+}
+
+// getOutputConfigPath returns the configured config path or "" if dry-run is enabled
+func (c *config) getOutputConfigPath() string {
 	if c.dryRun {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return c.resolveConfigFilePath()
+	return c.configFilePath
 }
 
 // configureOCIHook creates and configures the OCI hook for the NVIDIA runtime

cmd/nvidia-ctk/runtime/runtime.go

@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 package runtime
 
 import (
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk/runtime/configure"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 type runtimeCommand struct {

cmd/nvidia-ctk/system/create-dev-char-symlinks/all.go

@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib/pkg/nvpci"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info/proc/devices"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/nvcaps"
-	"gitlab.com/nvidia/cloud-native/go-nvlib/pkg/nvpci"
 )
 
 type allPossible struct {

cmd/nvidia-ctk/system/create-dev-char-symlinks/create-dev-char-symlinks.go

@@ -19,16 +19,13 @@ package devchar
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
+
-	"syscall"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/system/nvdevices"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/system/nvmodules"
-	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -43,7 +40,6 @@ type config struct {
 	devCharPath       string
 	driverRoot        string
 	dryRun            bool
-	watch             bool
 	createAll         bool
 	createDeviceNodes bool
 	loadKernelModules bool
@@ -86,14 +82,7 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "The path to the driver root. `DRIVER_ROOT`/dev is searched for NVIDIA device nodes.",
 			Value:       "/",
 			Destination: &cfg.driverRoot,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"DRIVER_ROOT"},
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_DRIVER_ROOT", "DRIVER_ROOT"},
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        "watch",
-			Usage:       "If set, the command will watch for changes to the driver root and recreate the symlinks when changes are detected.",
-			Value:       false,
-			Destination: &cfg.watch,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"WATCH"},
 		},
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
 			Name:        "create-all",
@@ -126,7 +115,7 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 }
 
 func (m command) validateFlags(r *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	if cfg.createAll && cfg.watch {
+	if cfg.createAll {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create-all and watch are mutually exclusive")
 	}
 
@@ -144,19 +133,6 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(r *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
 }
 
 func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	var watcher *fsnotify.Watcher
-	var sigs chan os.Signal
-
-	if cfg.watch {
-		watcher, err := newFSWatcher(filepath.Join(cfg.driverRoot, "dev"))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create FS watcher: %v", err)
-		}
-		defer watcher.Close()
-
-		sigs = newOSWatcher(syscall.SIGHUP, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGQUIT)
-	}
-
 	l, err := NewSymlinkCreator(
 		WithLogger(m.logger),
 		WithDevCharPath(cfg.devCharPath),
@@ -170,47 +146,11 @@ func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create symlink creator: %v", err)
 	}
 
-create:
 	err = l.CreateLinks()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create links: %v", err)
 	}
-	if !cfg.watch {
+	return nil
-		return nil
-	}
-	for {
-		select {
-
-		case event := <-watcher.Events:
-			deviceNode := filepath.Base(event.Name)
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(deviceNode, "nvidia") {
-				continue
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Create {
-				m.logger.Infof("%s created, restarting.", event.Name)
-				goto create
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Remove {
-				m.logger.Infof("%s removed. Ignoring", event.Name)
-
-			}
-
-		// Watch for any other fs errors and log them.
-		case err := <-watcher.Errors:
-			m.logger.Errorf("inotify: %s", err)
-
-		// React to signals
-		case s := <-sigs:
-			switch s {
-			case syscall.SIGHUP:
-				m.logger.Infof("Received SIGHUP, recreating symlinks.")
-				goto create
-			default:
-				m.logger.Infof("Received signal %q, shutting down.", s)
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 type linkCreator struct {
@@ -398,27 +338,3 @@ type deviceNode struct {
 func (d deviceNode) devCharName() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", d.major, d.minor)
 }
-
-func newFSWatcher(files ...string) (*fsnotify.Watcher, error) {
-	watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for _, f := range files {
-		err = watcher.Add(f)
-		if err != nil {
-			watcher.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return watcher, nil
-}
-
-func newOSWatcher(sigs ...os.Signal) chan os.Signal {
-	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(sigChan, sigs...)
-
-	return sigChan
-}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/system/create-dev-char-symlinks/existing.go

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
 type nodeLister interface {
@@ -63,20 +64,13 @@ func (m existing) DeviceNodes() ([]deviceNode, error) {
 		if m.nodeIsBlocked(d) {
 			continue
 		}
-
 		var stat unix.Stat_t
 		err := unix.Stat(d, &stat)
 		if err != nil {
 			m.logger.Warningf("Could not stat device: %v", err)
 			continue
 		}
-		deviceNode := deviceNode{
+		deviceNodes = append(deviceNodes, newDeviceNode(d, stat))
-			path:  d,
-			major: unix.Major(uint64(stat.Rdev)),
-			minor: unix.Minor(uint64(stat.Rdev)),
-		}
-
-		deviceNodes = append(deviceNodes, deviceNode)
 	}
 
 	return deviceNodes, nil

cmd/nvidia-ctk/system/create-dev-char-symlinks/existing_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package devchar
+
+import "golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+func newDeviceNode(d string, stat unix.Stat_t) deviceNode {
+	deviceNode := deviceNode{
+		path:  d,
+		major: unix.Major(stat.Rdev),
+		minor: unix.Minor(stat.Rdev),
+	}
+	return deviceNode
+}