Fix discovery of nvidia-fs devices in non-privileged containers

The /dev/nvidia-fs* device nodes for GDS are not greated at the
driver root when running a containerized driver and are always
created in /.

This change updates the search path for these device nodes so that
non-privilged containers also have the device nodes injected.

Signed-off-by: Evan Lezar <elezar@nvidia.com>

.common-ci.yml

@@ -178,13 +178,10 @@ test-packaging:
     OUT_IMAGE_VERSION: "${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}"
   before_script:
     - !reference [.regctl-setup, before_script]
-
-    # We ensure that the OUT_IMAGE_VERSION is set
+    # We ensure that the components of the output image are set:
+    - 'echo Image Name: ${OUT_IMAGE_NAME} ; [[ -n "${OUT_IMAGE_NAME}" ]] || exit 1'
     - 'echo Version: ${OUT_IMAGE_VERSION} ; [[ -n "${OUT_IMAGE_VERSION}" ]] || exit 1'
 
-    # In the case where we are deploying a different version to the CI_COMMIT_SHA, we
-    # need to tag the image.
-    # Note: a leading 'v' is stripped from the version if present
     - apk add --no-cache make bash
   script:
     # Log in to the "output" registry, tag the image and push the image
@@ -204,10 +201,10 @@ test-packaging:
   extends:
     - .release
   variables:
-    OUT_REGISTRY_USER: "${CI_REGISTRY_USER}"
-    OUT_REGISTRY_TOKEN: "${CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD}"
-    OUT_REGISTRY: "${CI_REGISTRY}"
-    OUT_IMAGE_NAME: "${CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE}/staging/container-toolkit"
+    OUT_REGISTRY_USER: "${NGC_REGISTRY_USER}"
+    OUT_REGISTRY_TOKEN: "${NGC_REGISTRY_TOKEN}"
+    OUT_REGISTRY: "${NGC_REGISTRY}"
+    OUT_IMAGE_NAME: "${NGC_REGISTRY_STAGING_IMAGE_NAME}"
 
 # Define an external release step that pushes an image to an external repository.
 # This includes a devlopment image off main.

.github/copy-pr-bot.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# https://docs.gha-runners.nvidia.com/apps/copy-pr-bot/#configuration
+
+enabled: true

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -3,63 +3,43 @@
 
 version: 2
 updates:
+# main branch
   - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
     target-branch: main
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-      day: "sunday"
-    ignore:
-    - dependency-name: k8s.io/*
-    labels:
-    - dependencies
-
-  - package-ecosystem: "docker"
-    target-branch: main
-    directory: "/deployments/container"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-
-  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
-    # This defines a specific dependabot rule for the latest release-* branch.
-    target-branch: release-1.16
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-      day: "sunday"
-    ignore:
-    - dependency-name: k8s.io/*
-    labels:
-    - dependencies
-    - maintenance
-
-  - package-ecosystem: "docker"
-    target-branch: release-1.16
-    directory: "/deployments/container"
+    directories:
+    - "/"
+    - "deployments/devel"
+    - "tests"
     schedule:
       interval: "daily"
     labels:
     - dependencies
-    - maintenance
+    groups:
+      k8sio:
+        patterns:
+        - k8s.io/*
+        exclude-patterns:
+        - k8s.io/klog/*
 
-  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
-    target-branch: main
-    directory: "deployments/devel"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-      day: "sunday"
-
-  # A dependabot rule to bump the golang version.
   - package-ecosystem: "docker"
     target-branch: main
-    directory: "/deployments/devel"
+    directories:
+    # CUDA image
+    - "/deployments/container"
+    # Golang version
+    - "/deployments/devel"
     schedule:
       interval: "daily"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
 
   - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    target-branch: main
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "daily"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
 
   # Allow dependabot to update the libnvidia-container submodule.
   - package-ecosystem: "gitsubmodule"
@@ -72,3 +52,69 @@ updates:
     labels:
     - dependencies
     - libnvidia-container
+
+# The release branch(es):
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    target-branch: release-1.17
+    directories:
+    - "/"
+    # We don't update development or test dependencies on release branches
+    # - "deployments/devel"
+    # - "tests"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "sunday"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+    - maintenance
+    ignore:
+    # For release branches we only consider patch updates.
+    - dependency-name: "*"
+      update-types:
+      - version-update:semver-major
+      - version-update:semver-minor
+    groups:
+      k8sio:
+        patterns:
+        - k8s.io/*
+        exclude-patterns:
+        - k8s.io/klog/*
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "docker"
+    target-branch: release-1.17
+    directories:
+    # CUDA image
+    - "/deployments/container"
+    # Golang version
+    - "/deployments/devel"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "sunday"
+    ignore:
+    # For release branches we only apply patch updates to the golang version.
+    - dependency-name: "*golang*"
+      update-types:
+      - version-update:semver-major
+      - version-update:semver-minor
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+    - maintenance
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    target-branch: release-1.17
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "sunday"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies
+    - maintenance
+
+  # Github actions need to be gh-pages branches.
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    target-branch: gh-pages
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+    labels:
+    - dependencies

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Copyright 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: CI Pipeline
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "pull-request/[0-9]+"
+      - main
+      - release-*
+
+jobs:
+  code-scanning:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/code_scanning.yaml
+
+  variables:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate Commit Short SHA
+        id: version
+        run: echo "version=$(echo $GITHUB_SHA | cut -c1-8)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  golang:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/golang.yaml
+
+  image:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/image.yaml
+    needs: [variables, golang, code-scanning]
+    secrets: inherit
+    with:
+      version: ${{ needs.variables.outputs.version }}
+      build_multi_arch_images: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' || startsWith(github.ref_name, 'release-') }}
+
+  e2e-test:
+    needs: [image, variables]
+    secrets: inherit
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
+    with:
+      version: ${{ needs.variables.outputs.version }}

.github/workflows/code_scanning.yaml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 name: "CodeQL"
 
 on:
+  workflow_call: {}
   pull_request:
     types:
       - opened
@@ -22,10 +23,6 @@ on:
     branches:
       - main
       - release-*
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-      - release-*
 
 jobs:
   analyze:

.github/workflows/e2e.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Copyright 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: End-to-end Tests
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+    secrets:
+      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
+        required: true
+      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
+        required: true
+      AWS_SSH_KEY:
+        required: true
+      E2E_SSH_USER:
+        required: true
+      SLACK_BOT_TOKEN:
+        required: true
+      SLACK_CHANNEL_ID:
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  e2e-tests:
+    runs-on: linux-amd64-cpu4
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Calculate build vars
+        id: vars
+        run: |
+          echo "COMMIT_SHORT_SHA=${GITHUB_SHA:0:8}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "LOWERCASE_REPO_OWNER=$(echo "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER}" | awk '{print tolower($0)}')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          GOLANG_VERSION=$(./hack/golang-version.sh)
+          echo "GOLANG_VERSION=${GOLANG_VERSION##GOLANG_VERSION := }" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
+
+      - name: Set up Holodeck
+        uses: NVIDIA/holodeck@v0.2.12
+        with:
+          aws_access_key_id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+          aws_secret_access_key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
+          aws_ssh_key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SSH_KEY }}
+          holodeck_config: "tests/e2e/infra/aws.yaml"
+
+      - name: Get public dns name
+        id: holodeck_public_dns_name
+        uses: mikefarah/yq@master
+        with:
+          cmd: yq '.status.properties[] | select(.name == "public-dns-name") | .value' /github/workspace/.cache/holodeck.yaml
+
+      - name: Run e2e tests
+        env:
+          E2E_INSTALL_CTK: "true"
+          E2E_IMAGE_NAME: ghcr.io/nvidia/container-toolkit
+          E2E_IMAGE_TAG: ${{ inputs.version }}-ubuntu20.04
+          E2E_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.E2E_SSH_USER }}
+          E2E_SSH_HOST: ${{ steps.holodeck_public_dns_name.outputs.result }}
+        run: |
+          e2e_ssh_key=$(mktemp)
+          echo "${{ secrets.AWS_SSH_KEY }}" > "$e2e_ssh_key"
+          chmod 600 "$e2e_ssh_key"
+          export E2E_SSH_KEY="$e2e_ssh_key"
+
+          make -f tests/e2e/Makefile test
+
+      - name: Archive Ginkgo logs
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ginkgo-logs
+          path: ginkgo.json
+          retention-days: 15
+      - name: Send Slack alert notification
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v2.1.0
+        with:
+          method: chat.postMessage
+          token: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          payload: |
+            channel: ${{ secrets.SLACK_CHANNEL_ID }}
+            text: |
+              :x: On repository ${{ github.repository }}, the Workflow *${{ github.workflow }}* has failed.
+
+              Details: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}

.github/workflows/golang.yaml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 name: Golang
 
 on:
+  workflow_call: {}
   pull_request:
     types:
       - opened
@@ -22,10 +23,6 @@ on:
     branches:
       - main
       - release-*
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-      - release-*
 
 jobs:
   check:
@@ -33,54 +30,73 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       name: Checkout code
+
     - name: Get Golang version
       id: vars
       run: |
         GOLANG_VERSION=$(./hack/golang-version.sh)
         echo "GOLANG_VERSION=${GOLANG_VERSION##GOLANG_VERSION := }" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
     - name: Install Go
       uses: actions/setup-go@v5
       with:
         go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
+
     - name: Lint
-      uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v6
+      uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
       with:
         version: latest
         args: -v --timeout 5m
         skip-cache: true
+
     - name: Check golang modules
       run: | 
         make check-vendor
         make -C deployments/devel check-modules
+
   test:
     name: Unit test
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
       - name: Get Golang version
         id: vars
         run: |
           GOLANG_VERSION=$(./hack/golang-version.sh)
           echo "GOLANG_VERSION=${GOLANG_VERSION##GOLANG_VERSION := }" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
       - name: Install Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
-      - run: make test
+      
+      - name: Run unit tests and generate coverage report
+        run: make coverage
+
+      - name: Upload to Coveralls
+        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v2
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          file: coverage.out
+
   build:
     name: Build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
       - name: Get Golang version
         id: vars
         run: |
           GOLANG_VERSION=$(./hack/golang-version.sh)
           echo "GOLANG_VERSION=${GOLANG_VERSION##GOLANG_VERSION ?= }" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
       - name: Install Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
+
       - run: make build

.github/workflows/image.yaml

@@ -16,17 +16,14 @@
 name: image
 
 on:
-  pull_request:
-    types:
-      - opened
-      - synchronize
-    branches:
-      - main
-      - release-*
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-      - release-*
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      build_multi_arch_images:
+        required: true
+        type: string
 
 jobs:
   packages:
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
           - centos7-x86_64
           - centos8-ppc64le
         ispr:
-          - ${{github.event_name == 'pull_request'}}
+          - ${{ github.ref_name != 'main' && !startsWith( github.ref_name, 'release-' ) }}
         exclude:
           - ispr: true
             target: ubuntu18.04-arm64
@@ -52,18 +49,25 @@ jobs:
           - ispr: true
             target: centos8-ppc64le
       fail-fast: false
+
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         name: Check out code
+
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        with:
+          image: tonistiigi/binfmt:master
+
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
       - name: build ${{ matrix.target }} packages
         run: |
           sudo apt-get install -y coreutils build-essential sed git bash make
           echo "Building packages"
           ./scripts/build-packages.sh ${{ matrix.target }}
+
       - name: 'Upload Artifacts'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
           - ubi8
           - packaging
         ispr:
-          - ${{github.event_name == 'pull_request'}}
+          - ${{ github.ref_name != 'main' && !startsWith( github.ref_name, 'release-' ) }}
         exclude:
           - ispr: true
             dist: ubi8
@@ -88,34 +92,15 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         name: Check out code
-      - name: Calculate build vars
-        id: vars
-        run: |
-          echo "COMMIT_SHORT_SHA=${GITHUB_SHA:0:8}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "LOWERCASE_REPO_OWNER=$(echo "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER}" | awk '{print tolower($0)}')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          REPO_FULL_NAME="${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}"
-          echo "${REPO_FULL_NAME}"
-          echo "LABEL_IMAGE_SOURCE=https://github.com/${REPO_FULL_NAME}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-          PUSH_ON_BUILD="false"
-          BUILD_MULTI_ARCH_IMAGES="false"
-          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
-            if [[ "${{ github.actor }}" != "dependabot[bot]" && "${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}" == "${{ github.repository }}" ]]; then
-              # For non-fork PRs that are not created by dependabot we do push images
-              PUSH_ON_BUILD="true"
-            fi
-          elif [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "push" ]]; then
-            # On push events we do generate images and enable muilti-arch builds
-            PUSH_ON_BUILD="true"
-            BUILD_MULTI_ARCH_IMAGES="true"
-          fi
-          echo "PUSH_ON_BUILD=${PUSH_ON_BUILD}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "BUILD_MULTI_ARCH_IMAGES=${BUILD_MULTI_ARCH_IMAGES}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        with:
+          image: tonistiigi/binfmt:master
+
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
       - name: Get built packages
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -129,10 +114,13 @@ jobs:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
       - name: Build image
         env:
-          IMAGE_NAME: ghcr.io/${LOWERCASE_REPO_OWNER}/container-toolkit
-          VERSION: ${COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}
+          IMAGE_NAME: ghcr.io/nvidia/container-toolkit
+          VERSION: ${{ inputs.version }}
+          PUSH_ON_BUILD: "true"
+          BUILD_MULTI_ARCH_IMAGES: ${{ inputs.build_multi_arch_images }}
         run: |
           echo "${VERSION}"
           make -f deployments/container/Makefile build-${{ matrix.dist }}

.gitignore

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-dist
-artifacts
+/dist
+/artifacts
 *.swp
 *.swo
 /coverage.out*
-/test/output/
-/nvidia-container-runtime
-/nvidia-container-runtime.*
-/nvidia-container-runtime-hook
-/nvidia-container-toolkit
-/nvidia-ctk
+/tests/output/
+/nvidia-*
 /shared-*
-/release-*
+/release-*
+/bin
+/toolkit-test

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -176,12 +176,6 @@ image-packaging:
       optional: true
 
 # Define publish test helpers
-.test:toolkit:
-  extends:
-    - .integration
-  variables:
-    TEST_CASES: "toolkit"
-
 .test:docker:
   extends:
     - .integration

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,43 +1,72 @@
-run:
-  timeout: 10m
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
 
+version: "2"
 linters:
   enable:
     - contextcheck
     - gocritic
+    - gosec
+    - misspell
+    - unconvert
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    presets:
+      - comments
+      - common-false-positives
+      - legacy
+      - std-error-handling
+    rules:
+      # Exclude the gocritic dupSubExpr issue for cgo files.
+      - linters:
+          - gocritic
+        path: internal/dxcore/dxcore.go
+        text: dupSubExpr
+      # Exclude the checks for usage of returns to config.Delete(Path) in the
+      # crio and containerd config packages.
+      - linters:
+          - errcheck
+        path: pkg/config/engine/
+        text: config.Delete
+      # RENDERD refers to the Render Device and not the past tense of render.
+      - linters:
+          - misspell
+        path: .*.go
+        text: '`RENDERD` is a misspelling of `RENDERED`'
+      # The legacy hook relies on spec.Hooks.Prestart, which is deprecated as of
+      # the v1.2.0 OCI runtime spec.
+      - path: (.+)\.go$
+        text: SA1019:(.+).Prestart is deprecated(.+)
+      # TODO: We should address each of the following integer overflows.
+      - path: (.+)\.go$
+        text: 'G115: integer overflow conversion(.+)'
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
+formatters:
+  enable:
     - gofmt
     - goimports
-    - gosec
-    - gosimple
-    - govet
-    - ineffassign
-    - misspell
-    - staticcheck
-    - unconvert
-
-linters-settings:
-  goimports:
-    local-prefixes: github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit
-
-issues:
-  exclude:
-  # The legacy hook relies on spec.Hooks.Prestart, which is deprecated as of the v1.2.0 OCI runtime spec.
-  - "SA1019:(.+).Prestart is deprecated(.+)"
-  # TODO: We should address each of the following integer overflows.
-  - "G115: integer overflow conversion(.+)"
-  exclude-rules:
-  # Exclude the gocritic dupSubExpr issue for cgo files.
-  - path: internal/dxcore/dxcore.go
-    linters:
-    - gocritic
-    text: dupSubExpr
-  # Exclude the checks for usage of returns to config.Delete(Path) in the crio and containerd config packages.
-  - path: pkg/config/engine/
-    linters:
-    - errcheck
-    text: config.Delete
-  # RENDERD refers to the Render Device and not the past tense of render.
-  - path: .*.go
-    linters:
-    - misspell
-    text: "`RENDERD` is a misspelling of `RENDERED`"
+  settings:
+    goimports:
+      local-prefixes:
+        - github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$

.nvidia-ci.yml

@@ -204,23 +204,6 @@ release:packages:kitmaker:
   extends:
     - .release:packages
 
-release:archive:
-  extends:
-    - .release:external
-  needs:
-    - image-packaging
-  variables:
-    VERSION: "${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}"
-    PACKAGE_REGISTRY: "${CI_REGISTRY}"
-    PACKAGE_REGISTRY_USER: "${CI_REGISTRY_USER}"
-    PACKAGE_REGISTRY_TOKEN: "${CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD}"
-    PACKAGE_IMAGE_NAME: "${CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE}/container-toolkit"
-    PACKAGE_IMAGE_TAG: "${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}-packaging"
-    PACKAGE_ARCHIVE_ARTIFACTORY_REPO: "${ARTIFACTORY_REPO_BASE}-generic-local/${PACKAGE_ARCHIVE_RELEASE_FOLDER}"
-  script:
-    - apk add --no-cache bash git
-    - ./scripts/archive-packages.sh "${PACKAGE_ARCHIVE_ARTIFACTORY_REPO}"
-
 release:staging-ubuntu20.04:
   extends:
     - .release:staging

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 # NVIDIA Container Toolkit Changelog
 
+## v1.17.4
+- Disable mounting of compat libs from container by default
+- Add allow-cuda-compat-libs-from-container feature flag
+- Skip graphics modifier in CSV mode
+- Properly pass configSearchPaths to a Driver constructor
+- Add support for containerd version 3 config
+- Add string TOML source
+
+### Changes in libnvidia-container
+- Add no-cntlibs CLI option to nvidia-container-cli
+
+### Changes in the Toolkit Container
+- Bump CUDA base image version to 12.6.3
+
+## v1.17.3
+- Only allow host-relative LDConfig paths by default.
+### Changes in libnvidia-container
+- Create virtual copy of host ldconfig binary before calling fexecve()
+
+## v1.17.2
+- Fixed a bug where legacy images would set imex channels as `all`.
+
 ## v1.17.1
 - Fixed a bug where specific symlinks existing in a container image could cause a container to fail to start.
 - Fixed a bug on Tegra-based systems where a container would fail to start.

DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ environment variables.
 
 ## Testing packages locally
 
-The [test/release](./test/release/) folder contains documentation on how the installation of local or staged packages can be tested.
+The [tests/release](./tests/release/) folder contains documentation on how the installation of local or staged packages can be tested.
 
 
 ## Releasing

Makefile

@@ -90,24 +90,43 @@ goimports:
 lint:
 	golangci-lint run ./...
 
-vendor:
-	go mod tidy
-	go mod vendor
-	go mod verify
+vendor:  | mod-tidy mod-vendor mod-verify
+
+mod-tidy:
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*"); do \
+	    echo "Tidying $$mod..."; ( \
+	        cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod tidy \
+            ) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+mod-vendor:
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*" -not -path "./deployments/*"); do \
+		echo "Vendoring $$mod..."; ( \
+			cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod vendor \
+			) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+mod-verify:
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*"); do \
+	    echo "Verifying $$mod..."; ( \
+	        cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod verify | sed 's/^/  /g' \
+	    ) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
 
 check-vendor: vendor
-	git diff --quiet HEAD -- go.mod go.sum vendor
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD -- go.mod go.sum vendor
 
 licenses:
 	go-licenses csv $(MODULE)/...
 
 COVERAGE_FILE := coverage.out
 test: build cmds
-	go test -coverprofile=$(COVERAGE_FILE) $(MODULE)/...
+	go test -coverprofile=$(COVERAGE_FILE).with-mocks $(MODULE)/...
 
 coverage: test
-	cat $(COVERAGE_FILE) | grep -v "_mock.go" > $(COVERAGE_FILE).no-mocks
-	go tool cover -func=$(COVERAGE_FILE).no-mocks
+	cat $(COVERAGE_FILE).with-mocks | grep -v "_mock.go" > $(COVERAGE_FILE)
+	go tool cover -func=$(COVERAGE_FILE)
 
 generate:
 	go generate $(MODULE)/...

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Security
+
+NVIDIA is dedicated to the security and trust of our software products and services, including all source code repositories managed through our organization.
+
+If you need to report a security issue, please use the appropriate contact points outlined below. **Please do not report security vulnerabilities through GitHub.**
+
+## Reporting Potential Security Vulnerability in an NVIDIA Product
+
+To report a potential security vulnerability in any NVIDIA product:
+- Web: [Security Vulnerability Submission Form](https://www.nvidia.com/object/submit-security-vulnerability.html)
+- E-Mail: psirt@nvidia.com
+    - We encourage you to use the following PGP key for secure email communication: [NVIDIA public PGP Key for communication](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/security/pgp-key)
+    - Please include the following information:
+        - Product/Driver name and version/branch that contains the vulnerability
+     - Type of vulnerability (code execution, denial of service, buffer overflow, etc.)
+        - Instructions to reproduce the vulnerability
+        - Proof-of-concept or exploit code
+        - Potential impact of the vulnerability, including how an attacker could exploit the vulnerability
+
+While NVIDIA currently does not have a bug bounty program, we do offer acknowledgement when an externally reported security issue is addressed under our coordinated vulnerability disclosure policy. Please visit our [Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT)](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/security/psirt-policies/) policies page for more information.
+
+## NVIDIA Product Security
+
+For all security-related concerns, please visit NVIDIA's Product Security portal at https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/security

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/commands/commands.go

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/chmod"
 	symlinks "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/create-symlinks"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/cudacompat"
+	disabledevicenodemodification "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification"
 	ldcache "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 )
@@ -32,5 +34,20 @@ func New(logger logger.Interface) []*cli.Command {
 		ldcache.NewCommand(logger),
 		symlinks.NewCommand(logger),
 		chmod.NewCommand(logger),
+		cudacompat.NewCommand(logger),
+		disabledevicenodemodification.NewCommand(logger),
+	}
+}
+
+// IssueUnsupportedHookWarning logs a warning that no hook or an unsupported
+// hook has been specified.
+// This happens if a subcommand is provided that does not match one of the
+// subcommands that has been explicitly specified.
+func IssueUnsupportedHookWarning(logger logger.Interface, c *cli.Context) {
+	args := c.Args().Slice()
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		logger.Warningf("No CDI hook specified")
+	} else {
+		logger.Warningf("Unsupported CDI hook: %v", args[0])
 	}
 }

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/cudacompat/container-root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package cudacompat
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/symlink"
+)
+
+// A containerRoot represents the root filesystem of a container.
+type containerRoot string
+
+// hasPath checks whether the specified path exists in the root.
+func (r containerRoot) hasPath(path string) bool {
+	resolved, err := r.resolve(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(resolved); err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// globFiles matches the specified pattern in the root.
+// The files that match must be regular files.
+func (r containerRoot) globFiles(pattern string) ([]string, error) {
+	patternPath, err := r.resolve(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	matches, err := filepath.Glob(patternPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var files []string
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		info, err := os.Lstat(match)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// Ignore symlinks.
+		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Ignore directories.
+		if info.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		files = append(files, match)
+	}
+	return files, nil
+}
+
+// resolve returns the absolute path including root path.
+// Symlinks are resolved, but are guaranteed to resolve in the root.
+func (r containerRoot) resolve(path string) (string, error) {
+	absolute := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(string(r), path))
+	return symlink.FollowSymlinkInScope(absolute, string(r))
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/cudacompat/cudacompat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package cudacompat
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
+)
+
+const (
+	cudaCompatPath = "/usr/local/cuda/compat"
+	// cudaCompatLdsoconfdFilenamePattern specifies the pattern for the filename
+	// in ld.so.conf.d that includes a reference to the CUDA compat path.
+	// The 00-compat prefix is chosen to ensure that these libraries have a
+	// higher precedence than other libraries on the system.
+	cudaCompatLdsoconfdFilenamePattern = "00-compat-*.conf"
+)
+
+type command struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+}
+
+type options struct {
+	hostDriverVersion string
+	containerSpec     string
+}
+
+// NewCommand constructs a cuda-compat command with the specified logger
+func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
+	c := command{
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+	return c.build()
+}
+
+// build the enable-cuda-compat command
+func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
+	cfg := options{}
+
+	// Create the 'enable-cuda-compat' command
+	c := cli.Command{
+		Name:  "enable-cuda-compat",
+		Usage: "This hook ensures that the folder containing the CUDA compat libraries is added to the ldconfig search path if required.",
+		Before: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return m.validateFlags(c, &cfg)
+		},
+		Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return m.run(c, &cfg)
+		},
+	}
+
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "host-driver-version",
+			Usage:       "Specify the host driver version. If the CUDA compat libraries detected in the container do not have a higher MAJOR version, the hook is a no-op.",
+			Destination: &cfg.hostDriverVersion,
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "container-spec",
+			Hidden:      true,
+			Category:    "testing-only",
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to the OCI container spec. If empty or '-' the spec will be read from STDIN",
+			Destination: &cfg.containerSpec,
+		},
+	}
+
+	return &c
+}
+
+func (m command) validateFlags(_ *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m command) run(_ *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	if cfg.hostDriverVersion == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	s, err := oci.LoadContainerState(cfg.containerSpec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	containerRootDir, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	containerForwardCompatDir, err := m.getContainerForwardCompatDir(containerRoot(containerRootDir), cfg.hostDriverVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get container forward compat directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	if containerForwardCompatDir == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return m.createLdsoconfdFile(containerRoot(containerRootDir), cudaCompatLdsoconfdFilenamePattern, containerForwardCompatDir)
+}
+
+func (m command) getContainerForwardCompatDir(containerRoot containerRoot, hostDriverVersion string) (string, error) {
+	if hostDriverVersion == "" {
+		m.logger.Debugf("Host driver version not specified")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if !containerRoot.hasPath(cudaCompatPath) {
+		m.logger.Debugf("No CUDA forward compatibility libraries directory in container")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if !containerRoot.hasPath("/etc/ld.so.cache") {
+		m.logger.Debugf("The container does not have an LDCache")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	libs, err := containerRoot.globFiles(filepath.Join(cudaCompatPath, "libcuda.so.*.*"))
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Warningf("Failed to find CUDA compat library: %w", err)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	if len(libs) == 0 {
+		m.logger.Debugf("No CUDA forward compatibility libraries container")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	if len(libs) != 1 {
+		m.logger.Warningf("Unexpected number of CUDA compat libraries in container: %v", libs)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	compatDriverVersion := strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Base(libs[0]), "libcuda.so.")
+	compatMajor, err := extractMajorVersion(compatDriverVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to extract major version from %q: %v", compatDriverVersion, err)
+	}
+
+	driverMajor, err := extractMajorVersion(hostDriverVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to extract major version from %q: %v", hostDriverVersion, err)
+	}
+
+	if driverMajor >= compatMajor {
+		m.logger.Debugf("Compat major version is not greater than the host driver major version (%v >= %v)", hostDriverVersion, compatDriverVersion)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	resolvedCompatDir := strings.TrimPrefix(filepath.Dir(libs[0]), string(containerRoot))
+	return resolvedCompatDir, nil
+}
+
+// createLdsoconfdFile creates a file at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ in the specified root.
+// The file is created at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/{{ .pattern }} using `CreateTemp` and
+// contains the specified directories on each line.
+func (m command) createLdsoconfdFile(in containerRoot, pattern string, dirs ...string) error {
+	if len(dirs) == 0 {
+		m.logger.Debugf("No directories to add to /etc/ld.so.conf")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ldsoconfdDir, err := in.resolve("/etc/ld.so.conf.d")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(ldsoconfdDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create ld.so.conf.d: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	configFile, err := os.CreateTemp(ldsoconfdDir, pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer configFile.Close()
+
+	m.logger.Debugf("Adding directories %v to %v", dirs, configFile.Name())
+
+	added := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, dir := range dirs {
+		if added[dir] {
+			continue
+		}
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(configFile, "%s\n", dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update config file: %w", err)
+		}
+		added[dir] = true
+	}
+
+	// The created file needs to be world readable for the cases where the container is run as a non-root user.
+	if err := configFile.Chmod(0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to chmod config file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// extractMajorVersion parses a version string and returns the major version as an int.
+func extractMajorVersion(version string) (int, error) {
+	majorString := strings.SplitN(version, ".", 2)[0]
+	return strconv.Atoi(majorString)
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/cudacompat/cudacompat_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package cudacompat
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCompatLibs(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description                       string
+		contents                          map[string]string
+		hostDriverVersion                 string
+		expectedContainerForwardCompatDir string
+	}{
+		{
+			description:       "empty root",
+			hostDriverVersion: "222.55.66",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "compat lib is newer; no ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.333.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion: "222.55.66",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "compat lib is newer; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.333.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "/usr/local/cuda/compat",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "compat lib is older; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.111.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "compat lib has same major version; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.222.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "numeric comparison is used; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.222.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "99.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "/usr/local/cuda/compat",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "driver version empty; ldcache",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.222.88.99": "",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion: "",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "symlinks are followed",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache": "",
+				"/etc/alternatives/cuda/compat/libcuda.so.333.88.99": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda": "symlink=/etc/alternatives/cuda",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "/etc/alternatives/cuda/compat",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "symlinks stay in container",
+			contents: map[string]string{
+				"/etc/ld.so.cache":             "",
+				"/compat/libcuda.so.333.88.99": "",
+				"/usr/local/cuda":              "symlink=../../../../../../",
+			},
+			hostDriverVersion:                 "222.55.66",
+			expectedContainerForwardCompatDir: "/compat",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			containerRootDir := t.TempDir()
+			for name, contents := range tc.contents {
+				target := filepath.Join(containerRootDir, name)
+				require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target), 0755))
+
+				if strings.HasPrefix(contents, "symlink=") {
+					require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(strings.TrimPrefix(contents, "symlink="), target))
+					continue
+				}
+
+				require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte(contents), 0600))
+			}
+
+			c := command{
+				logger: logger,
+			}
+			containerForwardCompatDir, err := c.getContainerForwardCompatDir(containerRoot(containerRootDir), tc.hostDriverVersion)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedContainerForwardCompatDir, containerForwardCompatDir)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateLdconfig(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description      string
+		folders          []string
+		expectedContents string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "no folders; have no contents",
+		},
+		{
+			description:      "single folder is added",
+			folders:          []string{"/usr/local/cuda/compat"},
+			expectedContents: "/usr/local/cuda/compat\n",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			containerRootDir := t.TempDir()
+			c := command{
+				logger: logger,
+			}
+			err := c.createLdsoconfdFile(containerRoot(containerRootDir), cudaCompatLdsoconfdFilenamePattern, tc.folders...)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(containerRootDir, "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-compat-*.conf"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			if tc.expectedContents == "" {
+				require.Empty(t, matches)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.Len(t, matches, 1)
+			contents, err := os.ReadFile(matches[0])
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedContents, string(contents))
+		})
+	}
+
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification/disable-device-node-modification.go

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package disabledevicenodemodification
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
+)
+
+const (
+	nvidiaDriverParamsPath = "/proc/driver/nvidia/params"
+)
+
+type options struct {
+	containerSpec string
+}
+
+// NewCommand constructs an disable-device-node-modification subcommand with the specified logger
+func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
+	cfg := options{}
+
+	c := cli.Command{
+		Name:  "disable-device-node-modification",
+		Usage: "Ensure that the /proc/driver/nvidia/params file present in the container does not allow device node modifications.",
+		Before: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return validateFlags(c, &cfg)
+		},
+		Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+			return run(c, &cfg)
+		},
+	}
+
+	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "container-spec",
+			Hidden:      true,
+			Usage:       "Specify the path to the OCI container spec. If empty or '-' the spec will be read from STDIN",
+			Destination: &cfg.containerSpec,
+		},
+	}
+
+	return &c
+}
+
+func validateFlags(c *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func run(_ *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
+	modifiedParamsFileContents, err := getModifiedNVIDIAParamsContents()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get modified params file contents: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(modifiedParamsFileContents) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	s, err := oci.LoadContainerState(cfg.containerSpec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	containerRootDirPath, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return createParamsFileInContainer(containerRootDirPath, modifiedParamsFileContents)
+}
+
+func getModifiedNVIDIAParamsContents() ([]byte, error) {
+	hostNvidiaParamsFile, err := os.Open(nvidiaDriverParamsPath)
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load params file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer hostNvidiaParamsFile.Close()
+
+	modifiedContents, err := getModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader(hostNvidiaParamsFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get modfied params file contents: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return modifiedContents, nil
+}
+
+// getModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader returns the contents of a modified params file from the specified reader.
+func getModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
+	var modified bytes.Buffer
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+
+	var requiresModification bool
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "ModifyDeviceFiles: ") {
+			if line == "ModifyDeviceFiles: 0" {
+				return nil, nil
+			}
+			if line == "ModifyDeviceFiles: 1" {
+				line = "ModifyDeviceFiles: 0"
+				requiresModification = true
+			}
+		}
+		if _, err := modified.WriteString(line + "\n"); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create output buffer: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read params file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !requiresModification {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	return modified.Bytes(), nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification/disable-device-node-modification_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package disabledevicenodemodification
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGetModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		contents         []byte
+		expectedError    error
+		expectedContents []byte
+	}{
+		"no contents": {
+			contents:         nil,
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: nil,
+		},
+		"other contents are ignored": {
+			contents: []byte(`# Some other content
+			that we don't care about
+			`),
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: nil,
+		},
+		"already zero requires no modification": {
+			contents:         []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 0"),
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: nil,
+		},
+		"leading spaces require no modification": {
+			contents: []byte("  ModifyDeviceFiles: 1"),
+		},
+		"Trailing spaces require no modification": {
+			contents: []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 1  "),
+		},
+		"Not 1 require no modification": {
+			contents: []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 11"),
+		},
+		"single line requires modification": {
+			contents:         []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 1"),
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 0\n"),
+		},
+		"single line with trailing newline requires modification": {
+			contents:         []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 1\n"),
+			expectedError:    nil,
+			expectedContents: []byte("ModifyDeviceFiles: 0\n"),
+		},
+		"other content is maintained": {
+			contents: []byte(`ModifyDeviceFiles: 1
+			other content
+			that
+			is maintained`),
+			expectedError: nil,
+			expectedContents: []byte(`ModifyDeviceFiles: 0
+			other content
+			that
+			is maintained
+`),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for description, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			contents, err := getModifiedParamsFileContentsFromReader(bytes.NewReader(tc.contents))
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedError, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, string(tc.expectedContents), string(contents))
+		})
+	}
+
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification/params_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package disabledevicenodemodification
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/utils"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func createParamsFileInContainer(containerRootDirPath string, contents []byte) error {
+	tmpRoot, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "nvct-empty-dir*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := createTmpFs(tmpRoot, len(contents)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create tmpfs mount for params file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	modifiedParamsFile, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(tmpRoot, "nvct-params"), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0444)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open modified params file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer modifiedParamsFile.Close()
+
+	if _, err := modifiedParamsFile.Write(contents); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write temporary params file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = utils.WithProcfd(containerRootDirPath, nvidiaDriverParamsPath, func(nvidiaDriverParamsFdPath string) error {
+		return unix.Mount(modifiedParamsFile.Name(), nvidiaDriverParamsFdPath, "", unix.MS_BIND|unix.MS_RDONLY|unix.MS_NODEV|unix.MS_PRIVATE|unix.MS_NOSYMFOLLOW, "")
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to mount modified params file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func createTmpFs(target string, size int) error {
+	return unix.Mount("tmpfs", target, "tmpfs", 0, fmt.Sprintf("size=%d", size))
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/disable-device-node-modification/params_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package disabledevicenodemodification
+
+import "fmt"
+
+func createParamsFileInContainer(containerRootDirPath string, contents []byte) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/main.go

@@ -51,6 +51,18 @@ func main() {
 	c.Usage = "Command to structure files for usage inside a container, called as hooks from a container runtime, defined in a CDI yaml file"
 	c.Version = info.GetVersionString()
 
+	// We set the default action for the `nvidia-cdi-hook` command to issue a
+	// warning and exit with no error.
+	// This means that if an unsupported hook is run, a container will not fail
+	// to launch. An unsupported hook could be the result of a CDI specification
+	// referring to a new hook that is not yet supported by an older NVIDIA
+	// Container Toolkit version or a hook that has been removed in newer
+	// version.
+	c.Action = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		commands.IssueUnsupportedHookWarning(logger, ctx)
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// Setup the flags for this command
 	c.Flags = []cli.Flag{
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
@@ -58,13 +70,15 @@ func main() {
 			Aliases:     []string{"d"},
 			Usage:       "Enable debug-level logging",
 			Destination: &opts.Debug,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CDI_DEBUG"},
+			// TODO: Support for NVIDIA_CDI_DEBUG is deprecated and NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG should be used instead.
+			EnvVars: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG", "NVIDIA_CDI_DEBUG"},
 		},
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
 			Name:        "quiet",
 			Usage:       "Suppress all output except for errors; overrides --debug",
 			Destination: &opts.Quiet,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CDI_QUIET"},
+			// TODO: Support for NVIDIA_CDI_QUIET is deprecated and NVIDIA_CTK_QUIET should be used instead.
+			EnvVars: []string{"NVDIA_CTK_QUIET", "NVIDIA_CDI_QUIET"},
 		},
 	}
 

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/container-root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/symlink"
+)
+
+// A containerRoot represents the root filesystem of a container.
+type containerRoot string
+
+// hasPath checks whether the specified path exists in the root.
+func (r containerRoot) hasPath(path string) bool {
+	resolved, err := r.resolve(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(resolved); err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// resolve returns the absolute path including root path.
+// Symlinks are resolved, but are guaranteed to resolve in the root.
+func (r containerRoot) resolve(path string) (string, error) {
+	absolute := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(string(r), path))
+	return symlink.FollowSymlinkInScope(absolute, string(r))
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/ldconfig_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"syscall"
+
+	securejoin "github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/utils"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// pivotRoot will call pivot_root such that rootfs becomes the new root
+// filesystem, and everything else is cleaned up.
+// This is adapted from the implementation here:
+//
+//	https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/blob/e89a29929c775025419ab0d218a43588b4c12b9a/libcontainer/rootfs_linux.go#L1056-L1113
+//
+// With the `mount` and `unmount` calls changed to direct unix.Mount and unix.Unmount calls.
+func pivotRoot(rootfs string) error {
+	// While the documentation may claim otherwise, pivot_root(".", ".") is
+	// actually valid. What this results in is / being the new root but
+	// /proc/self/cwd being the old root. Since we can play around with the cwd
+	// with pivot_root this allows us to pivot without creating directories in
+	// the rootfs. Shout-outs to the LXC developers for giving us this idea.
+
+	oldroot, err := unix.Open("/", unix.O_DIRECTORY|unix.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "open", Path: "/", Err: err}
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(oldroot) //nolint: errcheck
+
+	newroot, err := unix.Open(rootfs, unix.O_DIRECTORY|unix.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "open", Path: rootfs, Err: err}
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(newroot) //nolint: errcheck
+
+	// Change to the new root so that the pivot_root actually acts on it.
+	if err := unix.Fchdir(newroot); err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "fchdir", Path: "fd " + strconv.Itoa(newroot), Err: err}
+	}
+
+	if err := unix.PivotRoot(".", "."); err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "pivot_root", Path: ".", Err: err}
+	}
+
+	// Currently our "." is oldroot (according to the current kernel code).
+	// However, purely for safety, we will fchdir(oldroot) since there isn't
+	// really any guarantee from the kernel what /proc/self/cwd will be after a
+	// pivot_root(2).
+
+	if err := unix.Fchdir(oldroot); err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "fchdir", Path: "fd " + strconv.Itoa(oldroot), Err: err}
+	}
+
+	// Make oldroot rslave to make sure our unmounts don't propagate to the
+	// host (and thus bork the machine). We don't use rprivate because this is
+	// known to cause issues due to races where we still have a reference to a
+	// mount while a process in the host namespace are trying to operate on
+	// something they think has no mounts (devicemapper in particular).
+	if err := unix.Mount("", ".", "", unix.MS_SLAVE|unix.MS_REC, ""); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Perform the unmount. MNT_DETACH allows us to unmount /proc/self/cwd.
+	if err := unix.Unmount(".", unix.MNT_DETACH); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Switch back to our shiny new root.
+	if err := unix.Chdir("/"); err != nil {
+		return &os.PathError{Op: "chdir", Path: "/", Err: err}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mountLdConfig mounts the host ldconfig to the mount namespace of the hook.
+// We use WithProcfd to perform the mount operations to ensure that the changes
+// are persisted across the pivot root.
+func mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath string, containerRootDirPath string) (string, error) {
+	hostLdconfigInfo, err := os.Stat(hostLdconfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error reading host ldconfig: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	hookScratchDirPath := "/var/run/nvidia-ctk-hook"
+	ldconfigPath := filepath.Join(hookScratchDirPath, "ldconfig")
+	if err := utils.MkdirAllInRoot(containerRootDirPath, hookScratchDirPath, 0755); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating hook scratch folder: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = utils.WithProcfd(containerRootDirPath, hookScratchDirPath, func(hookScratchDirFdPath string) error {
+		return createTmpFs(hookScratchDirFdPath, int(hostLdconfigInfo.Size()))
+
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating tmpfs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := createFileInRoot(containerRootDirPath, ldconfigPath, hostLdconfigInfo.Mode()); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating ldconfig: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = utils.WithProcfd(containerRootDirPath, ldconfigPath, func(ldconfigFdPath string) error {
+		return unix.Mount(hostLdconfigPath, ldconfigFdPath, "", unix.MS_BIND|unix.MS_RDONLY|unix.MS_NODEV|unix.MS_PRIVATE|unix.MS_NOSYMFOLLOW, "")
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error bind mounting host ldconfig: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return ldconfigPath, nil
+}
+
+func createFileInRoot(containerRootDirPath string, destinationPath string, mode os.FileMode) (string, error) {
+	dest, err := securejoin.SecureJoin(containerRootDirPath, destinationPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	// Make the parent directory.
+	destDir, destBase := filepath.Split(dest)
+	destDirFd, err := utils.MkdirAllInRootOpen(containerRootDirPath, destDir, 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating parent dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer destDirFd.Close()
+	// Make the target file. We want to avoid opening any file that is
+	// already there because it could be a "bad" file like an invalid
+	// device or hung tty that might cause a DoS, so we use mknodat.
+	// destBase does not contain any "/" components, and mknodat does
+	// not follow trailing symlinks, so we can safely just call mknodat
+	// here.
+	if err := unix.Mknodat(int(destDirFd.Fd()), destBase, unix.S_IFREG|uint32(mode), 0); err != nil {
+		// If we get EEXIST, there was already an inode there and
+		// we can consider that a success.
+		if !errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating empty file: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return dest, nil
+}
+
+// mountProc mounts a clean proc filesystem in the new root.
+func mountProc(newroot string) error {
+	target := filepath.Join(newroot, "/proc")
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(target, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	return unix.Mount("proc", target, "proc", 0, "")
+}
+
+// createTmpFs creates a tmpfs at the specified location with the specified size.
+func createTmpFs(target string, size int) error {
+	return unix.Mount("tmpfs", target, "tmpfs", 0, fmt.Sprintf("size=%d", size))
+}
+
+// createReexecCommand creates a command that can be used to trigger the reexec
+// initializer.
+// On linux this command runs in new namespaces.
+func createReexecCommand(args []string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := reexec.Command(args...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Cloneflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNS |
+			syscall.CLONE_NEWUTS |
+			syscall.CLONE_NEWIPC |
+			syscall.CLONE_NEWPID |
+			syscall.CLONE_NEWNET,
+	}
+
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/ldconfig_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+
+	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
+)
+
+func pivotRoot(newroot string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
+}
+
+func mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath string, containerRootDirPath string) (string, error) {
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("not supported")
+}
+
+func mountProc(newroot string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
+}
+
+// createReexecCommand creates a command that can be used ot trigger the reexec
+// initializer.
+func createReexecCommand(args []string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := reexec.Command(args...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+
+	return cmd
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/safe-exec_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/exeseal"
+)
+
+// SafeExec attempts to clone the specified binary (as an memfd, for example) before executing it.
+func SafeExec(path string, args []string, envv []string) error {
+	safeExe, err := cloneBinary(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
+		return syscall.Exec(path, args, envv)
+	}
+	defer safeExe.Close()
+
+	exePath := "/proc/self/fd/" + strconv.Itoa(int(safeExe.Fd()))
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
+	return syscall.Exec(exePath, args, envv)
+}
+
+func cloneBinary(path string) (*os.File, error) {
+	exe, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("opening current binary: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer exe.Close()
+
+	stat, err := exe.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking %v size: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	size := stat.Size()
+
+	return exeseal.CloneBinary(exe, size, path, os.TempDir())
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/safe-exec_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package ldcache
+
+import "syscall"
+
+// SafeExec is not implemented on non-linux systems and forwards directly to the
+// Exec syscall.
+func SafeExec(path string, args []string, envv []string) error {
+	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
+	return syscall.Exec(path, args, envv)
+}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/update-ldcache.go

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ package ldcache
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
-	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
@@ -31,6 +31,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
 )
 
+const (
+	// ldsoconfdFilenamePattern specifies the pattern for the filename
+	// in ld.so.conf.d that includes references to the specified directories.
+	// The 00-nvcr prefix is chosen to ensure that these libraries have a
+	// higher precedence than other libraries on the system, but lower than
+	// the 00-cuda-compat that is included in some containers.
+	ldsoconfdFilenamePattern = "00-nvcr-*.conf"
+
+	reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName = "reexec-update-ldcache"
+)
+
 type command struct {
 	logger logger.Interface
 }
@@ -41,6 +52,13 @@ type options struct {
 	containerSpec string
 }
 
+func init() {
+	reexec.Register(reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName, updateLdCacheHandler)
+	if reexec.Init() {
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+}
+
 // NewCommand constructs an update-ldcache command with the specified logger
 func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
 	c := command{
@@ -100,97 +118,137 @@ func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load container state: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	containerRoot, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
-	if err != nil {
+	containerRootDir, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
+	if err != nil || containerRootDir == "" || containerRootDir == "/" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	ldconfigPath := m.resolveLDConfigPath(cfg.ldconfigPath)
-	args := []string{filepath.Base(ldconfigPath)}
-	if containerRoot != "" {
-		args = append(args, "-r", containerRoot)
+	args := []string{
+		reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName,
+		strings.TrimPrefix(config.NormalizeLDConfigPath("@"+cfg.ldconfigPath), "@"),
+		containerRootDir,
+	}
+	args = append(args, cfg.folders.Value()...)
+
+	cmd := createReexecCommand(args)
+
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+// updateLdCacheHandler wraps updateLdCache with error handling.
+func updateLdCacheHandler() {
+	if err := updateLdCache(os.Args); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Error updating ldcache: %v", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+// updateLdCache is invoked from a reexec'd handler and provides namespace
+// isolation for the operations performed by this hook.
+// At the point where this is invoked, we are in a new mount namespace that is
+// cloned from the parent.
+//
+// args[0] is the reexec initializer function name
+// args[1] is the path of the ldconfig binary on the host
+// args[2] is the container root directory
+// The remaining args are folders that need to be added to the ldcache.
+func updateLdCache(args []string) error {
+	if len(args) < 3 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("incorrect arguments: %v", args)
+	}
+	hostLdconfigPath := args[1]
+	containerRootDirPath := args[2]
+
+	// To prevent leaking the parent proc filesystem, we create a new proc mount
+	// in the container root.
+	if err := mountProc(containerRootDirPath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error mounting /proc: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if root(containerRoot).hasPath("/etc/ld.so.cache") {
+	// We mount the host ldconfig before we pivot root since host paths are not
+	// visible after the pivot root operation.
+	ldconfigPath, err := mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath, containerRootDirPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error mounting host ldconfig: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// We pivot to the container root for the new process, this further limits
+	// access to the host.
+	if err := pivotRoot(containerRootDirPath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error running pivot_root: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return runLdconfig(ldconfigPath, args[3:]...)
+}
+
+// runLdconfig runs the ldconfig binary and ensures that the specified directories
+// are processed for the ldcache.
+func runLdconfig(ldconfigPath string, directories ...string) error {
+	args := []string{
+		"ldconfig",
+		// Explicitly specify using /etc/ld.so.conf since the host's ldconfig may
+		// be configured to use a different config file by default.
+		// Note that since we apply the `-r {{ .containerRootDir }}` argument, /etc/ld.so.conf is
+		// in the container.
+		"-f", "/etc/ld.so.conf",
+	}
+
+	containerRoot := containerRoot("/")
+
+	if containerRoot.hasPath("/etc/ld.so.cache") {
 		args = append(args, "-C", "/etc/ld.so.cache")
 	} else {
-		m.logger.Debugf("No ld.so.cache found, skipping update")
 		args = append(args, "-N")
 	}
 
-	folders := cfg.folders.Value()
-	if root(containerRoot).hasPath("/etc/ld.so.conf.d") {
-		err := m.createConfig(containerRoot, folders)
+	if containerRoot.hasPath("/etc/ld.so.conf.d") {
+		err := createLdsoconfdFile(ldsoconfdFilenamePattern, directories...)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update ld.so.conf.d: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update ld.so.conf.d: %w", err)
 		}
 	} else {
-		args = append(args, folders...)
+		args = append(args, directories...)
 	}
 
-	// Explicitly specify using /etc/ld.so.conf since the host's ldconfig may
-	// be configured to use a different config file by default.
-	args = append(args, "-f", "/etc/ld.so.conf")
-
-	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
-	return syscall.Exec(ldconfigPath, args, nil)
+	return SafeExec(ldconfigPath, args, nil)
 }
 
-type root string
-
-func (r root) hasPath(path string) bool {
-	_, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(string(r), path))
-	if err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-// resolveLDConfigPath determines the LDConfig path to use for the system.
-// On systems such as Ubuntu where `/sbin/ldconfig` is a wrapper around
-// /sbin/ldconfig.real, the latter is returned.
-func (m command) resolveLDConfigPath(path string) string {
-	return strings.TrimPrefix(config.NormalizeLDConfigPath("@"+path), "@")
-}
-
-// createConfig creates (or updates) /etc/ld.so.conf.d/00-nvcr-<RANDOM_STRING>.conf in the container
-// to include the required paths.
-// Note that the 00-nvcr prefix is chosen to ensure that these libraries have
-// a higher precedence than other libraries on the system but are applied AFTER
-// 00-cuda-compat.conf.
-func (m command) createConfig(root string, folders []string) error {
-	if len(folders) == 0 {
-		m.logger.Debugf("No folders to add to /etc/ld.so.conf")
+// createLdsoconfdFile creates a file at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/.
+// The file is created at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/{{ .pattern }} using `CreateTemp` and
+// contains the specified directories on each line.
+func createLdsoconfdFile(pattern string, dirs ...string) error {
+	if len(dirs) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(root, "/etc/ld.so.conf.d"), 0755); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create ld.so.conf.d: %v", err)
+	ldsoconfdDir := "/etc/ld.so.conf.d"
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(ldsoconfdDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create ld.so.conf.d: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	configFile, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Join(root, "/etc/ld.so.conf.d"), "00-nvcr-*.conf")
+	configFile, err := os.CreateTemp(ldsoconfdDir, pattern)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config file: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config file: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer configFile.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		_ = configFile.Close()
+	}()
 
-	m.logger.Debugf("Adding folders %v to %v", folders, configFile.Name())
-
-	configured := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, folder := range folders {
-		if configured[folder] {
+	added := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, dir := range dirs {
+		if added[dir] {
 			continue
 		}
-		_, err = configFile.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", folder))
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(configFile, "%s\n", dir)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update ld.so.conf.d: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update config file: %w", err)
 		}
-		configured[folder] = true
+		added[dir] = true
 	}
 
 	// The created file needs to be world readable for the cases where the container is run as a non-root user.
-	if err := os.Chmod(configFile.Name(), 0644); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to chmod config file: %v", err)
+	if err := configFile.Chmod(0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to chmod config file: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/container_config.go

@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
 )
 
-const (
-	capSysAdmin = "CAP_SYS_ADMIN"
-)
-
 type nvidiaConfig struct {
 	Devices            []string
 	MigConfigDevices   string
@@ -103,9 +99,9 @@ func loadSpec(path string) (spec *Spec) {
 	return
 }
 
-func isPrivileged(s *Spec) bool {
-	if s.Process.Capabilities == nil {
-		return false
+func (s *Spec) GetCapabilities() []string {
+	if s == nil || s.Process == nil || s.Process.Capabilities == nil {
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	var caps []string
@@ -118,67 +114,22 @@ func isPrivileged(s *Spec) bool {
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Panicln("could not decode Process.Capabilities in OCI spec:", err)
 		}
-		for _, c := range caps {
-			if c == capSysAdmin {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-		return false
+		return caps
 	}
 
 	// Otherwise, parse s.Process.Capabilities as:
 	// github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/v1.0.0/specs-go/config.go#L30-L54
-	process := specs.Process{
-		Env: s.Process.Env,
-	}
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal(*s.Process.Capabilities, &process.Capabilities)
+	capabilities := specs.LinuxCapabilities{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(*s.Process.Capabilities, &capabilities)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Panicln("could not decode Process.Capabilities in OCI spec:", err)
 	}
 
-	fullSpec := specs.Spec{
-		Version: *s.Version,
-		Process: &process,
-	}
-
-	return image.IsPrivileged(&fullSpec)
+	return image.OCISpecCapabilities(capabilities).GetCapabilities()
 }
 
-func getDevicesFromEnvvar(containerImage image.CUDA, swarmResourceEnvvars []string) []string {
-	// We check if the image has at least one of the Swarm resource envvars defined and use this
-	// if specified.
-	for _, envvar := range swarmResourceEnvvars {
-		if containerImage.HasEnvvar(envvar) {
-			return containerImage.DevicesFromEnvvars(swarmResourceEnvvars...).List()
-		}
-	}
-
-	return containerImage.VisibleDevicesFromEnvVar()
-}
-
-func getDevices(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, privileged bool) []string {
-	// If enabled, try and get the device list from volume mounts first
-	if hookConfig.AcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts {
-		devices := image.VisibleDevicesFromMounts()
-		if len(devices) > 0 {
-			return devices
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Fallback to reading from the environment variable if privileges are correct
-	devices := getDevicesFromEnvvar(image, hookConfig.getSwarmResourceEnvvars())
-	if len(devices) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if privileged || hookConfig.AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged {
-		return devices
-	}
-
-	configName := hookConfig.getConfigOption("AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged")
-	log.Printf("Ignoring devices specified in NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES (privileged=%v, %v=%v) ", privileged, configName, hookConfig.AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged)
-
-	return nil
+func isPrivileged(s *Spec) bool {
+	return image.IsPrivileged(s)
 }
 
 func getMigConfigDevices(i image.CUDA) *string {
@@ -197,7 +148,11 @@ func getMigDevices(image image.CUDA, envvar string) *string {
 	return &devices
 }
 
-func getImexChannels(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, privileged bool) []string {
+func (hookConfig *hookConfig) getImexChannels(image image.CUDA, privileged bool) []string {
+	if hookConfig.Features.IgnoreImexChannelRequests.IsEnabled() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// If enabled, try and get the device list from volume mounts first
 	if hookConfig.AcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts {
 		devices := image.ImexChannelsFromMounts()
@@ -217,11 +172,10 @@ func getImexChannels(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, privileged bool)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *HookConfig) getDriverCapabilities(cudaImage image.CUDA, legacyImage bool) image.DriverCapabilities {
+func (hookConfig *hookConfig) getDriverCapabilities(cudaImage image.CUDA, legacyImage bool) image.DriverCapabilities {
 	// We use the default driver capabilities by default. This is filtered to only include the
 	// supported capabilities
-	supportedDriverCapabilities := image.NewDriverCapabilities(c.SupportedDriverCapabilities)
-
+	supportedDriverCapabilities := image.NewDriverCapabilities(hookConfig.SupportedDriverCapabilities)
 	capabilities := supportedDriverCapabilities.Intersection(image.DefaultDriverCapabilities)
 
 	capsEnvSpecified := cudaImage.HasEnvvar(image.EnvVarNvidiaDriverCapabilities)
@@ -244,10 +198,10 @@ func (c *HookConfig) getDriverCapabilities(cudaImage image.CUDA, legacyImage boo
 	return capabilities
 }
 
-func getNvidiaConfig(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, privileged bool) *nvidiaConfig {
+func (hookConfig *hookConfig) getNvidiaConfig(image image.CUDA, privileged bool) *nvidiaConfig {
 	legacyImage := image.IsLegacy()
 
-	devices := getDevices(hookConfig, image, privileged)
+	devices := image.VisibleDevices()
 	if len(devices) == 0 {
 		// empty devices means this is not a GPU container.
 		return nil
@@ -269,7 +223,7 @@ func getNvidiaConfig(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, privileged bool)
 		log.Panicln("cannot set MIG_MONITOR_DEVICES in non privileged container")
 	}
 
-	imexChannels := getImexChannels(hookConfig, image, privileged)
+	imexChannels := hookConfig.getImexChannels(image, privileged)
 
 	driverCapabilities := hookConfig.getDriverCapabilities(image, legacyImage).String()
 
@@ -288,7 +242,7 @@ func getNvidiaConfig(hookConfig *HookConfig, image image.CUDA, privileged bool)
 	}
 }
 
-func getContainerConfig(hook HookConfig) (config containerConfig) {
+func (hookConfig *hookConfig) getContainerConfig() (config containerConfig) {
 	var h HookState
 	d := json.NewDecoder(os.Stdin)
 	if err := d.Decode(&h); err != nil {
@@ -302,20 +256,25 @@ func getContainerConfig(hook HookConfig) (config containerConfig) {
 
 	s := loadSpec(path.Join(b, "config.json"))
 
-	image, err := image.New(
+	privileged := isPrivileged(s)
+
+	i, err := image.New(
 		image.WithEnv(s.Process.Env),
 		image.WithMounts(s.Mounts),
-		image.WithDisableRequire(hook.DisableRequire),
+		image.WithPrivileged(privileged),
+		image.WithDisableRequire(hookConfig.DisableRequire),
+		image.WithAcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts(hookConfig.AcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts),
+		image.WithAcceptEnvvarUnprivileged(hookConfig.AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged),
+		image.WithPreferredVisibleDevicesEnvVars(hookConfig.getSwarmResourceEnvvars()...),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Panicln(err)
 	}
 
-	privileged := isPrivileged(s)
 	return containerConfig{
 		Pid:    h.Pid,
 		Rootfs: s.Root.Path,
-		Image:  image,
-		Nvidia: getNvidiaConfig(&hook, image, privileged),
+		Image:  i,
+		Nvidia: hookConfig.getNvidiaConfig(i, privileged),
 	}
 }

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/container_config_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
 )
 
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ func TestGetNvidiaConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		description    string
 		env            map[string]string
 		privileged     bool
-		hookConfig     *HookConfig
+		hookConfig     *hookConfig
 		expectedConfig *nvidiaConfig
 		expectedPanic  bool
 	}{
@@ -394,8 +393,10 @@ func TestGetNvidiaConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				image.EnvVarNvidiaDriverCapabilities: "all",
 			},
 			privileged: true,
-			hookConfig: &HookConfig{
-				SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display",
+			hookConfig: &hookConfig{
+				Config: &config.Config{
+					SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display",
+				},
 			},
 			expectedConfig: &nvidiaConfig{
 				Devices:            []string{"all"},
@@ -409,8 +410,10 @@ func TestGetNvidiaConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				image.EnvVarNvidiaDriverCapabilities: "video,display",
 			},
 			privileged: true,
-			hookConfig: &HookConfig{
-				SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display,compute,utility",
+			hookConfig: &hookConfig{
+				Config: &config.Config{
+					SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display,compute,utility",
+				},
 			},
 			expectedConfig: &nvidiaConfig{
 				Devices:            []string{"all"},
@@ -423,8 +426,10 @@ func TestGetNvidiaConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: "all",
 			},
 			privileged: true,
-			hookConfig: &HookConfig{
-				SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display,utility,compute",
+			hookConfig: &hookConfig{
+				Config: &config.Config{
+					SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display,utility,compute",
+				},
 			},
 			expectedConfig: &nvidiaConfig{
 				Devices:            []string{"all"},
@@ -438,9 +443,11 @@ func TestGetNvidiaConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"DOCKER_SWARM_RESOURCE":          "GPU1,GPU2",
 			},
 			privileged: true,
-			hookConfig: &HookConfig{
-				SwarmResource:               "DOCKER_SWARM_RESOURCE",
-				SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display,utility,compute",
+			hookConfig: &hookConfig{
+				Config: &config.Config{
+					SwarmResource:               "DOCKER_SWARM_RESOURCE",
+					SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display,utility,compute",
+				},
 			},
 			expectedConfig: &nvidiaConfig{
 				Devices:            []string{"GPU1", "GPU2"},
@@ -454,9 +461,11 @@ func TestGetNvidiaConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"DOCKER_SWARM_RESOURCE":          "GPU1,GPU2",
 			},
 			privileged: true,
-			hookConfig: &HookConfig{
-				SwarmResource:               "NOT_DOCKER_SWARM_RESOURCE,DOCKER_SWARM_RESOURCE",
-				SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display,utility,compute",
+			hookConfig: &hookConfig{
+				Config: &config.Config{
+					SwarmResource:               "NOT_DOCKER_SWARM_RESOURCE,DOCKER_SWARM_RESOURCE",
+					SupportedDriverCapabilities: "video,display,utility,compute",
+				},
 			},
 			expectedConfig: &nvidiaConfig{
 				Devices:            []string{"GPU1", "GPU2"},
@@ -468,16 +477,19 @@ func TestGetNvidiaConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			image, _ := image.New(
 				image.WithEnvMap(tc.env),
+				image.WithPrivileged(tc.privileged),
+				image.WithPreferredVisibleDevicesEnvVars(tc.hookConfig.getSwarmResourceEnvvars()...),
 			)
+
 			// Wrap the call to getNvidiaConfig() in a closure.
-			var config *nvidiaConfig
+			var cfg *nvidiaConfig
 			getConfig := func() {
-				hookConfig := tc.hookConfig
-				if hookConfig == nil {
-					defaultConfig, _ := getDefaultHookConfig()
-					hookConfig = &defaultConfig
+				hookCfg := tc.hookConfig
+				if hookCfg == nil {
+					defaultConfig, _ := config.GetDefault()
+					hookCfg = &hookConfig{defaultConfig}
 				}
-				config = getNvidiaConfig(hookConfig, image, tc.privileged)
+				cfg = hookCfg.getNvidiaConfig(image, tc.privileged)
 			}
 
 			// For any tests that are expected to panic, make sure they do.
@@ -491,351 +503,18 @@ func TestGetNvidiaConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// And start comparing the test results to the expected results.
 			if tc.expectedConfig == nil {
-				require.Nil(t, config, tc.description)
+				require.Nil(t, cfg, tc.description)
 				return
 			}
 
-			require.NotNil(t, config, tc.description)
+			require.NotNil(t, cfg, tc.description)
 
-			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedConfig.Devices, config.Devices)
-			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedConfig.MigConfigDevices, config.MigConfigDevices)
-			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedConfig.MigMonitorDevices, config.MigMonitorDevices)
-			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedConfig.DriverCapabilities, config.DriverCapabilities)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedConfig.Devices, cfg.Devices)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedConfig.MigConfigDevices, cfg.MigConfigDevices)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedConfig.MigMonitorDevices, cfg.MigMonitorDevices)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedConfig.DriverCapabilities, cfg.DriverCapabilities)
 
-			require.ElementsMatch(t, tc.expectedConfig.Requirements, config.Requirements)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDeviceListSourcePriority(t *testing.T) {
-	var tests = []struct {
-		description        string
-		mountDevices       []specs.Mount
-		envvarDevices      string
-		privileged         bool
-		acceptUnprivileged bool
-		acceptMounts       bool
-		expectedDevices    []string
-	}{
-		{
-			description: "Mount devices, unprivileged, no accept unprivileged",
-			mountDevices: []specs.Mount{
-				{
-					Source:      "/dev/null",
-					Destination: filepath.Join(image.DeviceListAsVolumeMountsRoot, "GPU0"),
-				},
-				{
-					Source:      "/dev/null",
-					Destination: filepath.Join(image.DeviceListAsVolumeMountsRoot, "GPU1"),
-				},
-			},
-			envvarDevices:      "GPU2,GPU3",
-			privileged:         false,
-			acceptUnprivileged: false,
-			acceptMounts:       true,
-			expectedDevices:    []string{"GPU0", "GPU1"},
-		},
-		{
-			description:        "No mount devices, unprivileged, no accept unprivileged",
-			mountDevices:       nil,
-			envvarDevices:      "GPU0,GPU1",
-			privileged:         false,
-			acceptUnprivileged: false,
-			acceptMounts:       true,
-			expectedDevices:    nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description:        "No mount devices, privileged, no accept unprivileged",
-			mountDevices:       nil,
-			envvarDevices:      "GPU0,GPU1",
-			privileged:         true,
-			acceptUnprivileged: false,
-			acceptMounts:       true,
-			expectedDevices:    []string{"GPU0", "GPU1"},
-		},
-		{
-			description:        "No mount devices, unprivileged, accept unprivileged",
-			mountDevices:       nil,
-			envvarDevices:      "GPU0,GPU1",
-			privileged:         false,
-			acceptUnprivileged: true,
-			acceptMounts:       true,
-			expectedDevices:    []string{"GPU0", "GPU1"},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "Mount devices, unprivileged, accept unprivileged, no accept mounts",
-			mountDevices: []specs.Mount{
-				{
-					Source:      "/dev/null",
-					Destination: filepath.Join(image.DeviceListAsVolumeMountsRoot, "GPU0"),
-				},
-				{
-					Source:      "/dev/null",
-					Destination: filepath.Join(image.DeviceListAsVolumeMountsRoot, "GPU1"),
-				},
-			},
-			envvarDevices:      "GPU2,GPU3",
-			privileged:         false,
-			acceptUnprivileged: true,
-			acceptMounts:       false,
-			expectedDevices:    []string{"GPU2", "GPU3"},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "Mount devices, unprivileged, no accept unprivileged, no accept mounts",
-			mountDevices: []specs.Mount{
-				{
-					Source:      "/dev/null",
-					Destination: filepath.Join(image.DeviceListAsVolumeMountsRoot, "GPU0"),
-				},
-				{
-					Source:      "/dev/null",
-					Destination: filepath.Join(image.DeviceListAsVolumeMountsRoot, "GPU1"),
-				},
-			},
-			envvarDevices:      "GPU2,GPU3",
-			privileged:         false,
-			acceptUnprivileged: false,
-			acceptMounts:       false,
-			expectedDevices:    nil,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Wrap the call to getDevices() in a closure.
-			var devices []string
-			getDevices := func() {
-				image, _ := image.New(
-					image.WithEnvMap(
-						map[string]string{
-							image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: tc.envvarDevices,
-						},
-					),
-					image.WithMounts(tc.mountDevices),
-				)
-				hookConfig, _ := getDefaultHookConfig()
-				hookConfig.AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged = tc.acceptUnprivileged
-				hookConfig.AcceptDeviceListAsVolumeMounts = tc.acceptMounts
-				devices = getDevices(&hookConfig, image, tc.privileged)
-			}
-
-			// For all other tests, just grab the devices and check the results
-			getDevices()
-
-			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedDevices, devices)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGetDevicesFromEnvvar(t *testing.T) {
-	envDockerResourceGPUs := "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS"
-	gpuID := "GPU-12345"
-	anotherGPUID := "GPU-67890"
-	thirdGPUID := "MIG-12345"
-
-	var tests = []struct {
-		description          string
-		swarmResourceEnvvars []string
-		env                  map[string]string
-		expectedDevices      []string
-	}{
-		{
-			description: "empty env returns nil for non-legacy image",
-		},
-		{
-			description: "blank NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES returns nil for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: "",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "'void' NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES returns nil for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: "void",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "'none' NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES returns empty for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: "none",
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{""},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES set returns value for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: gpuID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{gpuID},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES set returns value for legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: gpuID,
-				image.EnvVarCudaVersion:          "legacy",
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{gpuID},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "empty env returns all for legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarCudaVersion: "legacy",
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{"all"},
-		},
-		// Add the `DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS` envvar and ensure that this is ignored when
-		// not enabled
-		{
-			description: "missing NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES returns nil for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				envDockerResourceGPUs: anotherGPUID,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "blank NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES returns nil for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: "",
-				envDockerResourceGPUs:            anotherGPUID,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "'void' NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES returns nil for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: "void",
-				envDockerResourceGPUs:            anotherGPUID,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "'none' NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES returns empty for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: "none",
-				envDockerResourceGPUs:            anotherGPUID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{""},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES set returns value for non-legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: gpuID,
-				envDockerResourceGPUs:            anotherGPUID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{gpuID},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES set returns value for legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: gpuID,
-				envDockerResourceGPUs:            anotherGPUID,
-				image.EnvVarCudaVersion:          "legacy",
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{gpuID},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "empty env returns all for legacy image",
-			env: map[string]string{
-				envDockerResourceGPUs:   anotherGPUID,
-				image.EnvVarCudaVersion: "legacy",
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{"all"},
-		},
-		// Add the `DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS` envvar and ensure that this is selected when
-		// enabled
-		{
-			description:          "empty env returns nil for non-legacy image",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{envDockerResourceGPUs},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "blank DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS returns nil for non-legacy image",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{envDockerResourceGPUs},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				envDockerResourceGPUs: "",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "'void' DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS returns nil for non-legacy image",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{envDockerResourceGPUs},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				envDockerResourceGPUs: "void",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "'none' DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS returns empty for non-legacy image",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{envDockerResourceGPUs},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				envDockerResourceGPUs: "none",
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{""},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS set returns value for non-legacy image",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{envDockerResourceGPUs},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				envDockerResourceGPUs: gpuID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{gpuID},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS set returns value for legacy image",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{envDockerResourceGPUs},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				envDockerResourceGPUs:   gpuID,
-				image.EnvVarCudaVersion: "legacy",
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{gpuID},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS is selected if present",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{envDockerResourceGPUs},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				envDockerResourceGPUs: anotherGPUID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{anotherGPUID},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS overrides NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES if present",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{envDockerResourceGPUs},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices: gpuID,
-				envDockerResourceGPUs:            anotherGPUID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{anotherGPUID},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS_ADDITIONAL overrides NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES if present",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{"DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS_ADDITIONAL"},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices:  gpuID,
-				"DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS_ADDITIONAL": anotherGPUID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{anotherGPUID},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "All available swarm resource envvars are selected and override NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES if present",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{"DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS", "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS_ADDITIONAL"},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices:  gpuID,
-				"DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS":            thirdGPUID,
-				"DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS_ADDITIONAL": anotherGPUID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{thirdGPUID, anotherGPUID},
-		},
-		{
-			description:          "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS_ADDITIONAL or DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS override NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES if present",
-			swarmResourceEnvvars: []string{"DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS", "DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS_ADDITIONAL"},
-			env: map[string]string{
-				image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices:  gpuID,
-				"DOCKER_RESOURCE_GPUS_ADDITIONAL": anotherGPUID,
-			},
-			expectedDevices: []string{anotherGPUID},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			image, _ := image.New(
-				image.WithEnvMap(tc.env),
-			)
-			devices := getDevicesFromEnvvar(image, tc.swarmResourceEnvvars)
-			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDevices, devices)
+			require.ElementsMatch(t, tc.expectedConfig.Requirements, cfg.Requirements)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -940,8 +619,10 @@ func TestGetDriverCapabilities(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			var capabilities string
 
-			c := HookConfig{
-				SupportedDriverCapabilities: tc.supportedCapabilities,
+			c := hookConfig{
+				Config: &config.Config{
+					SupportedDriverCapabilities: tc.supportedCapabilities,
+				},
 			}
 
 			image, _ := image.New(

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/hook_config.go

@@ -17,16 +17,10 @@ const (
 	driverPath = "/run/nvidia/driver"
 )
 
-// HookConfig : options for the nvidia-container-runtime-hook.
-type HookConfig config.Config
-
-func getDefaultHookConfig() (HookConfig, error) {
-	defaultCfg, err := config.GetDefault()
-	if err != nil {
-		return HookConfig{}, err
-	}
-
-	return *(*HookConfig)(defaultCfg), nil
+// hookConfig wraps the toolkit config.
+// This allows for functions to be defined on the local type.
+type hookConfig struct {
+	*config.Config
 }
 
 // loadConfig loads the required paths for the hook config.
@@ -56,12 +50,12 @@ func loadConfig() (*config.Config, error) {
 	return config.GetDefault()
 }
 
-func getHookConfig() (*HookConfig, error) {
+func getHookConfig() (*hookConfig, error) {
 	cfg, err := loadConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load config: %v", err)
 	}
-	config := (*HookConfig)(cfg)
+	config := &hookConfig{cfg}
 
 	allSupportedDriverCapabilities := image.SupportedDriverCapabilities
 	if config.SupportedDriverCapabilities == "all" {
@@ -79,7 +73,7 @@ func getHookConfig() (*HookConfig, error) {
 
 // getConfigOption returns the toml config option associated with the
 // specified struct field.
-func (c HookConfig) getConfigOption(fieldName string) string {
+func (c hookConfig) getConfigOption(fieldName string) string {
 	t := reflect.TypeOf(c)
 	f, ok := t.FieldByName(fieldName)
 	if !ok {
@@ -93,8 +87,8 @@ func (c HookConfig) getConfigOption(fieldName string) string {
 }
 
 // getSwarmResourceEnvvars returns the swarm resource envvars for the config.
-func (c *HookConfig) getSwarmResourceEnvvars() []string {
-	if c.SwarmResource == "" {
+func (c *hookConfig) getSwarmResourceEnvvars() []string {
+	if c == nil || c.SwarmResource == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -110,3 +104,26 @@ func (c *HookConfig) getSwarmResourceEnvvars() []string {
 
 	return envvars
 }
+
+// nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags returns required --cuda-compat-mode
+// flag(s) depending on the hook and runtime configurations.
+func (c *hookConfig) nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags() []string {
+	var flag string
+	switch c.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Modes.Legacy.CUDACompatMode {
+	case config.CUDACompatModeLdconfig:
+		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=ldconfig"
+	case config.CUDACompatModeMount:
+		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=mount"
+	case config.CUDACompatModeDisabled, config.CUDACompatModeHook:
+		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=disabled"
+	default:
+		if !c.Features.AllowCUDACompatLibsFromContainer.IsEnabled() {
+			flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=disabled"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if flag == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []string{flag}
+}

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/hook_config_test.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
 )
 
@@ -84,15 +85,15 @@ func TestGetHookConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				configflag = &filename
 
 				for _, line := range tc.lines {
-					_, err := configFile.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", line))
+					_, err := fmt.Fprintf(configFile, "%s\n", line)
 					require.NoError(t, err)
 				}
 			}
 
-			var config HookConfig
+			var cfg hookConfig
 			getHookConfig := func() {
 				c, _ := getHookConfig()
-				config = *c
+				cfg = *c
 			}
 
 			if tc.expectedPanic {
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ func TestGetHookConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 			getHookConfig()
 
-			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDriverCapabilities, config.SupportedDriverCapabilities)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDriverCapabilities, cfg.SupportedDriverCapabilities)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -144,8 +145,10 @@ func TestGetSwarmResourceEnvvars(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
-			c := &HookConfig{
-				SwarmResource: tc.value,
+			c := &hookConfig{
+				Config: &config.Config{
+					SwarmResource: tc.value,
+				},
 			}
 
 			envvars := c.getSwarmResourceEnvvars()

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/main.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func doPrestart() {
 	}
 	cli := hook.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig
 
-	container := getContainerConfig(*hook)
+	container := hook.getContainerConfig()
 	nvidia := container.Nvidia
 	if nvidia == nil {
 		// Not a GPU container, nothing to do.
@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ func doPrestart() {
 	}
 	args = append(args, "configure")
 
+	args = append(args, hook.nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags()...)
+
 	if ldconfigPath := cli.NormalizeLDConfigPath(); ldconfigPath != "" {
 		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--ldconfig=%s", ldconfigPath))
 	}

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime/README.md

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ The `runtimes` config option allows for the low-level runtime to be specified. T
 The default value for this setting is:
 ```toml
 runtimes = [
-    "docker-runc",
     "runc",
+    "crun",
 ]
 ```
 

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime/main_test.go

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import (
 const (
 	nvidiaRuntime            = "nvidia-container-runtime"
 	nvidiaHook               = "nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
-	bundlePathSuffix         = "test/output/bundle/"
+	bundlePathSuffix         = "tests/output/bundle/"
 	specFile                 = "config.json"
-	unmodifiedSpecFileSuffix = "test/input/test_spec.json"
+	unmodifiedSpecFileSuffix = "tests/input/test_spec.json"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("error in test setup: could not get module root: %v", err)
 	}
-	testBinPath := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "test", "bin")
-	testInputPath := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "test", "input")
+	testBinPath := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "tests", "bin")
+	testInputPath := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "tests", "input")
 
 	// Set the environment variables for the test
 	os.Setenv("PATH", test.PrependToPath(testBinPath, moduleRoot))

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/container.go

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/operator"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -36,8 +36,15 @@ const (
 
 // Options defines the shared options for the CLIs to configure containers runtimes.
 type Options struct {
-	Config        string
-	Socket        string
+	Config string
+	Socket string
+	// ExecutablePath specifies the path to the container runtime executable.
+	// This is used to extract the current config, for example.
+	// If a HostRootMount is specified, this path is relative to the host root
+	// mount.
+	ExecutablePath string
+	// EnabledCDI indicates whether CDI should be enabled.
+	EnableCDI     bool
 	RuntimeName   string
 	RuntimeDir    string
 	SetAsDefault  bool
@@ -111,6 +118,10 @@ func (o Options) UpdateConfig(cfg engine.Interface) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if o.EnableCDI {
+		cfg.EnableCDI()
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator/operator.go

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ import "path/filepath"
 
 const (
 	defaultRuntimeName = "nvidia"
-
-	defaultRoot = "/usr/bin"
 )
 
 // Runtime defines a runtime to be configured.
@@ -48,9 +46,6 @@ func GetRuntimes(opts ...Option) Runtimes {
 		opt(c)
 	}
 
-	if c.root == "" {
-		c.root = defaultRoot
-	}
 	if c.nvidiaRuntimeName == "" {
 		c.nvidiaRuntimeName = defaultRuntimeName
 	}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator/operator_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ func TestOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		setAsDefault           bool
 		nvidiaRuntimeName      string
-		root                   string
 		expectedDefaultRuntime string
 		expectedRuntimes       Runtimes
 	}{
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ func TestOptions(t *testing.T) {
 			runtimes := GetRuntimes(
 				WithNvidiaRuntimeName(tc.nvidiaRuntimeName),
 				WithSetAsDefault(tc.setAsDefault),
-				WithRoot(tc.root),
+				WithRoot("/usr/bin"),
 			)
 
 			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedRuntimes, runtimes)

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/config_v1_test.go

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ import (
 	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 func TestUpdateV1ConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
@@ -88,37 +88,36 @@ func TestUpdateV1ConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
 				SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
 			}
 
-			cfg, err := toml.Empty.Load()
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
-
-			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
-				Logger:                logger,
-				Tree:                  cfg,
-				UseDefaultRuntimeName: !tc.legacyConfig,
-				RuntimeType:           runtimeType,
-			}
+			v1, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.Empty),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithUseLegacyConfig(tc.legacyConfig),
+				containerd.WithConfigVersion(1),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v1)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			defaultRuntimeName := v1.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "default_runtime_name"})
-			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeName, defaultRuntimeName, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			cfg := v1.(*containerd.ConfigV1)
+			defaultRuntimeName := cfg.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "default_runtime_name"})
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeName, defaultRuntimeName)
 
-			defaultRuntime := v1.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "default_runtime"})
+			defaultRuntime := cfg.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "default_runtime"})
 			if tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeBinary == nil {
-				require.Nil(t, defaultRuntime, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+				require.Nil(t, defaultRuntime)
 			} else {
 				require.NotNil(t, defaultRuntime)
 
 				expected, err := defaultRuntimeTomlConfigV1(tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeBinary.(string))
-				require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
 
 				configContents, _ := toml.Marshal(defaultRuntime.(*toml.Tree))
 				expectedContents, _ := toml.Marshal(expected)
 
 				require.Equal(t, string(expectedContents), string(configContents), "%d: %v: %v", i, tc)
 			}
-
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -234,24 +233,22 @@ func TestUpdateV1Config(t *testing.T) {
 				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
 			}
 
-			cfg, err := toml.Empty.Load()
+			v1, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.Empty),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithConfigVersion(1),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
-				Logger:                logger,
-				Tree:                  cfg,
-				UseDefaultRuntimeName: true,
-				RuntimeType:           runtimeType,
-				ContainerAnnotations:  []string{"cdi.k8s.io/*"},
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v1)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expectedConfig)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), cfg.String())
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v1.String())
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -393,29 +390,73 @@ func TestUpdateV1ConfigWithRuncPresent(t *testing.T) {
 				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
 			}
 
-			cfg, err := toml.TreeFromMap(runcConfigMapV1("/runc-binary"))
+			v1, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.FromMap(runcConfigMapV1("/runc-binary"))),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithConfigVersion(1),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
-				Logger:                logger,
-				Tree:                  cfg,
-				UseDefaultRuntimeName: true,
-				RuntimeType:           runtimeType,
-				ContainerAnnotations:  []string{"cdi.k8s.io/*"},
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v1)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expectedConfig)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), cfg.String())
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v1.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateV1EnableCDI(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		enableCDI              bool
+		expectedEnableCDIValue interface{}
+	}{
+		{},
+		{
+			enableCDI:              false,
+			expectedEnableCDIValue: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			enableCDI:              true,
+			expectedEnableCDIValue: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%v", tc.enableCDI), func(t *testing.T) {
+			o := &container.Options{
+				EnableCDI:   tc.enableCDI,
+				RuntimeName: "nvidia",
+				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := toml.Empty.Load()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
+				Logger:      logger,
+				Tree:        cfg,
+				RuntimeType: runtimeType,
+			}
+
+			err = o.UpdateConfig(v1)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			enableCDIValue := v1.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "cri", "containerd", "enable_cdi"})
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedEnableCDIValue, enableCDIValue)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestRevertV1Config(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 	testCases := []struct {
 		config map[string]interface {
 		}
@@ -469,25 +510,22 @@ func TestRevertV1Config(t *testing.T) {
 				RuntimeName: "nvidia",
 			}
 
-			cfg, err := toml.LoadMap(tc.config)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
-
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expected)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v1 := &containerd.ConfigV1{
-				Tree:                  cfg,
-				UseDefaultRuntimeName: true,
-				RuntimeType:           runtimeType,
-			}
+			v1, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.FromMap(tc.config)),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			err = o.RevertConfig(v1)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			configContents, _ := toml.Marshal(cfg)
-			expectedContents, _ := toml.Marshal(expected)
-
-			require.Equal(t, string(expectedContents), string(configContents), "%d: %v", i, tc)
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v1.String())
 		})
 	}
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/config_v2_test.go

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ import (
 	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -72,18 +72,19 @@ func TestUpdateV2ConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {
 				SetAsDefault: tc.setAsDefault,
 			}
 
-			cfg, err := toml.LoadMap(map[string]interface{}{})
+			v2, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.Empty),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v2 := &containerd.Config{
-				Logger:      logger,
-				Tree:        cfg,
-				RuntimeType: runtimeType,
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
+			cfg := v2.(*containerd.Config)
+
 			defaultRuntimeName := cfg.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri", "containerd", "default_runtime_name"})
 			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedDefaultRuntimeName, defaultRuntimeName)
 		})
@@ -195,23 +196,21 @@ func TestUpdateV2Config(t *testing.T) {
 				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
 			}
 
-			cfg, err := toml.LoadMap(map[string]interface{}{})
+			v2, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.Empty),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v2 := &containerd.Config{
-				Logger:               logger,
-				Tree:                 cfg,
-				RuntimeType:          runtimeType,
-				ContainerAnnotations: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/*"},
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expectedConfig)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), cfg.String())
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v2.String())
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -348,28 +347,75 @@ func TestUpdateV2ConfigWithRuncPresent(t *testing.T) {
 				RuntimeDir:  runtimeDir,
 			}
 
-			cfg, err := toml.LoadMap(runcConfigMapV2("/runc-binary"))
+			v2, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.FromMap(runcConfigMapV2("/runc-binary"))),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v2 := &containerd.Config{
-				Logger:               logger,
-				Tree:                 cfg,
-				RuntimeType:          runtimeType,
-				ContainerAnnotations: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/*"},
-			}
-
 			err = o.UpdateConfig(v2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expectedConfig)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), cfg.String())
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v2.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateV2ConfigEnableCDI(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	const runtimeDir = "/test/runtime/dir"
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		enableCDI              bool
+		expectedEnableCDIValue interface{}
+	}{
+		{},
+		{
+			enableCDI:              false,
+			expectedEnableCDIValue: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			enableCDI:              true,
+			expectedEnableCDIValue: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%v", tc.enableCDI), func(t *testing.T) {
+			o := &container.Options{
+				EnableCDI:    tc.enableCDI,
+				RuntimeName:  "nvidia",
+				RuntimeDir:   runtimeDir,
+				SetAsDefault: false,
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := toml.LoadMap(map[string]interface{}{})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			v2 := &containerd.Config{
+				Logger:               logger,
+				Tree:                 cfg,
+				RuntimeType:          runtimeType,
+				CRIRuntimePluginName: "io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri",
+			}
+
+			err = o.UpdateConfig(v2)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			enableCDIValue := cfg.GetPath([]string{"plugins", "io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri", "enable_cdi"})
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedEnableCDIValue, enableCDIValue)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestRevertV2Config(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
 	testCases := []struct {
 		config map[string]interface {
 		}
@@ -418,24 +464,21 @@ func TestRevertV2Config(t *testing.T) {
 				RuntimeName: "nvidia",
 			}
 
-			cfg, err := toml.LoadMap(tc.config)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
 			expected, err := toml.TreeFromMap(tc.expected)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			v2 := &containerd.Config{
-				Tree:        cfg,
-				RuntimeType: runtimeType,
-			}
+			v2, err := containerd.New(
+				containerd.WithLogger(logger),
+				containerd.WithConfigSource(toml.FromMap(tc.config)),
+				containerd.WithRuntimeType(runtimeType),
+				containerd.WithContainerAnnotations("cdi.k8s.io/*"),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			err = o.RevertConfig(v2)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			configContents, _ := toml.Marshal(cfg)
-			expectedContents, _ := toml.Marshal(expected)
-
-			require.Equal(t, string(expectedContents), string(configContents))
+			require.Equal(t, expected.String(), v2.String())
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -454,6 +497,7 @@ func runtimeMapV2(binary string) map[string]interface{} {
 
 func runcConfigMapV2(binary string) map[string]interface{} {
 	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"version": 2,
 		"plugins": map[string]interface{}{
 			"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri": map[string]interface{}{
 				"containerd": map[string]interface{}{

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/containerd.go

@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -52,8 +52,11 @@ type Options struct {
 func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 	flags := []cli.Flag{
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        "use-legacy-config",
-			Usage:       "Specify whether a legacy (pre v1.3) config should be used",
+			Name: "use-legacy-config",
+			Usage: "Specify whether a legacy (pre v1.3) config should be used. " +
+				"This ensures that a version 1 container config is created by default and that the " +
+				"containerd.runtimes.default_runtime config section is used to define the default " +
+				"runtime instead of container.default_runtime_name.",
 			Destination: &opts.useLegacyConfig,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"CONTAINERD_USE_LEGACY_CONFIG"},
 		},
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ func getRuntimeConfig(o *container.Options, co *Options) (engine.Interface, erro
 		containerd.WithPath(o.Config),
 		containerd.WithConfigSource(
 			toml.LoadFirst(
-				containerd.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount),
+				containerd.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount, o.ExecutablePath),
 				toml.FromFile(o.Config),
 			),
 		),

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/crio/crio.go

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/crio"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/ocihook"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ func getRuntimeConfig(o *container.Options) (engine.Interface, error) {
 		crio.WithPath(o.Config),
 		crio.WithConfigSource(
 			toml.LoadFirst(
-				crio.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount),
+				crio.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount, o.ExecutablePath),
 				toml.FromFile(o.Config),
 			),
 		),

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker/docker.go

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/docker"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 const (

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker/docker_test.go

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/docker"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 func TestUpdateConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/runtime.go

@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/runtime/containerd"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/runtime/crio"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/runtime/docker"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/crio"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -52,6 +54,12 @@ func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 			Destination: &opts.Config,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_CONFIG", "CONTAINERD_CONFIG", "DOCKER_CONFIG"},
 		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "executable-path",
+			Usage:       "The path to the runtime executable. This is used to extract the current config",
+			Destination: &opts.ExecutablePath,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_EXECUTABLE_PATH"},
+		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "socket",
 			Usage:       "Path to the runtime socket file",
@@ -66,6 +74,12 @@ func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 			Destination: &opts.RestartMode,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_RESTART_MODE"},
 		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:        "enable-cdi-in-runtime",
+			Usage:       "Enable CDI in the configured runt	ime",
+			Destination: &opts.EnableCDI,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_ENABLE_CDI"},
+		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "host-root",
 			Usage:       "Specify the path to the host root to be used when restarting the runtime using systemd",
@@ -97,11 +111,20 @@ func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 	return flags
 }
 
-// ValidateOptions checks whether the specified options are valid
-func ValidateOptions(opts *Options, runtime string, toolkitRoot string) error {
+// Validate checks whether the specified options are valid
+func (opts *Options) Validate(logger logger.Interface, c *cli.Context, runtime string, toolkitRoot string, to *toolkit.Options) error {
 	// We set this option here to ensure that it is available in future calls.
 	opts.RuntimeDir = toolkitRoot
 
+	if !c.IsSet("enable-cdi-in-runtime") {
+		opts.EnableCDI = to.CDI.Enabled
+	}
+
+	if opts.ExecutablePath != "" && opts.RuntimeName == docker.Name {
+		logger.Warningf("Ignoring executable-path=%q flag for %v", opts.ExecutablePath, opts.RuntimeName)
+		opts.ExecutablePath = ""
+	}
+
 	// Apply the runtime-specific config changes.
 	switch runtime {
 	case containerd.Name:

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/main.go

@@ -5,73 +5,93 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/runtime"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/toolkit"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 )
 
 const (
 	toolkitPidFilename = "toolkit.pid"
 	defaultPidFile     = "/run/nvidia/toolkit/" + toolkitPidFilename
-	toolkitSubDir      = "toolkit"
 
-	defaultRuntime     = "docker"
-	defaultRuntimeArgs = ""
+	defaultToolkitInstallDir = "/usr/local/nvidia"
+	toolkitSubDir            = "toolkit"
+
+	defaultRuntime = "docker"
 )
 
 var availableRuntimes = map[string]struct{}{"docker": {}, "crio": {}, "containerd": {}}
-var defaultLowLevelRuntimes = []string{"docker-runc", "runc", "crun"}
+var defaultLowLevelRuntimes = []string{"runc", "crun"}
 
 var waitingForSignal = make(chan bool, 1)
 var signalReceived = make(chan bool, 1)
 
 // options stores the command line arguments
 type options struct {
-	noDaemon    bool
-	runtime     string
-	runtimeArgs string
-	root        string
-	pidFile     string
+	toolkitInstallDir string
+
+	noDaemon   bool
+	runtime    string
+	pidFile    string
+	sourceRoot string
 
 	toolkitOptions toolkit.Options
 	runtimeOptions runtime.Options
 }
 
 func (o options) toolkitRoot() string {
-	return filepath.Join(o.root, toolkitSubDir)
+	return filepath.Join(o.toolkitInstallDir, toolkitSubDir)
 }
 
-// Version defines the CLI version. This is set at build time using LD FLAGS
-var Version = "development"
-
 func main() {
-	remainingArgs, root, err := ParseArgs(os.Args)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Error: unable to parse arguments: %v", err)
+	logger := logger.New()
+	c := NewApp(logger)
+
+	// Run the CLI
+	logger.Infof("Starting %v", c.Name)
+	if err := c.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("error running %v: %v", c.Name, err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
+	logger.Infof("Completed %v", c.Name)
+}
+
+// An app represents the nvidia-ctk-installer.
+type app struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+
+	toolkit *toolkit.Installer
+}
+
+// NewApp creates the CLI app fro the specified options.
+func NewApp(logger logger.Interface) *cli.App {
+	a := app{
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+	return a.build()
+}
+
+func (a app) build() *cli.App {
 	options := options{
 		toolkitOptions: toolkit.Options{},
 	}
 	// Create the top-level CLI
 	c := cli.NewApp()
-	c.Name = "nvidia-toolkit"
-	c.Usage = "Install the nvidia-container-toolkit for use by a given runtime"
-	c.UsageText = "[DESTINATION] [-n | --no-daemon] [-r | --runtime] [-u | --runtime-args]"
-	c.Description = "DESTINATION points to the host path underneath which the nvidia-container-toolkit should be installed.\nIt will be installed at ${DESTINATION}/toolkit"
-	c.Version = Version
+	c.Name = "nvidia-ctk-installer"
+	c.Usage = "Install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit and configure the specified runtime to use the `nvidia` runtime."
+	c.Version = info.GetVersionString()
 	c.Before = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-		return validateFlags(ctx, &options)
+		return a.Before(ctx, &options)
 	}
 	c.Action = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-		return Run(ctx, &options)
+		return a.Run(ctx, &options)
 	}
 
 	// Setup flags for the CLI
@@ -91,21 +111,23 @@ func main() {
 			Destination: &options.runtime,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME"},
 		},
-		// TODO: Remove runtime-args
 		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "runtime-args",
-			Aliases:     []string{"u"},
-			Usage:       "arguments to pass to 'docker', 'crio', or 'containerd' setup command",
-			Value:       defaultRuntimeArgs,
-			Destination: &options.runtimeArgs,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_ARGS"},
+			Name:    "toolkit-install-dir",
+			Aliases: []string{"root"},
+			Usage: "The directory where the NVIDIA Container Toolkit is to be installed. " +
+				"The components of the toolkit will be installed to `ROOT`/toolkit. " +
+				"Note that in the case of a containerized installer, this is the path in the container and it is " +
+				"recommended that this match the path on the host.",
+			Value:       defaultToolkitInstallDir,
+			Destination: &options.toolkitInstallDir,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"TOOLKIT_INSTALL_DIR", "ROOT"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "root",
-			Value:       root,
-			Usage:       "the folder where the NVIDIA Container Toolkit is to be installed. It will be installed to `ROOT`/toolkit",
-			Destination: &options.root,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"ROOT"},
+			Name:        "source-root",
+			Value:       "/",
+			Usage:       "The folder where the required toolkit artifacts can be found",
+			Destination: &options.sourceRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"SOURCE_ROOT"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "pid-file",
@@ -119,41 +141,47 @@ func main() {
 	c.Flags = append(c.Flags, toolkit.Flags(&options.toolkitOptions)...)
 	c.Flags = append(c.Flags, runtime.Flags(&options.runtimeOptions)...)
 
-	// Run the CLI
-	log.Infof("Starting %v", c.Name)
-	if err := c.Run(remainingArgs); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("error running nvidia-toolkit: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("Completed %v", c.Name)
+	return c
 }
 
-func validateFlags(_ *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+func (a *app) Before(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	a.toolkit = toolkit.NewInstaller(
+		toolkit.WithLogger(a.logger),
+		toolkit.WithSourceRoot(o.sourceRoot),
+		toolkit.WithToolkitRoot(o.toolkitRoot()),
+	)
+	return a.validateFlags(c, o)
+}
+
+func (a *app) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	if o.toolkitInstallDir == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the install root must be specified")
+	}
+	if _, exists := availableRuntimes[o.runtime]; !exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown runtime: %v", o.runtime)
+	}
 	if filepath.Base(o.pidFile) != toolkitPidFilename {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid toolkit.pid path %v", o.pidFile)
 	}
-	if err := toolkit.ValidateOptions(&o.toolkitOptions, o.toolkitRoot()); err != nil {
+
+	if err := a.toolkit.ValidateOptions(&o.toolkitOptions); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := runtime.ValidateOptions(&o.runtimeOptions, o.runtime, o.toolkitRoot()); err != nil {
+	if err := o.runtimeOptions.Validate(a.logger, c, o.runtime, o.toolkitRoot(), &o.toolkitOptions); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Run runs the core logic of the CLI
-func Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
-	err := verifyFlags(o)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to verify flags: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = initialize(o.pidFile)
+// Run installs the NVIDIA Container Toolkit and updates the requested runtime.
+// If the application is run as a daemon, the application waits and unconfigures
+// the runtime on termination.
+func (a *app) Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	err := a.initialize(o.pidFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to initialize: %v", err)
 	}
-	defer shutdown(o.pidFile)
+	defer a.shutdown(o.pidFile)
 
 	if len(o.toolkitOptions.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes.Value()) == 0 {
 		lowlevelRuntimePaths, err := runtime.GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(&o.runtimeOptions, o.runtime)
@@ -164,7 +192,8 @@ func Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
 
 		o.toolkitOptions.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes = *cli.NewStringSlice(lowlevelRuntimePaths...)
 	}
-	err = toolkit.Install(c, &o.toolkitOptions, o.toolkitRoot())
+
+	err = a.toolkit.Install(c, &o.toolkitOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to install toolkit: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -175,7 +204,7 @@ func Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
 	}
 
 	if !o.noDaemon {
-		err = waitForSignal()
+		err = a.waitForSignal()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for signal: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -189,48 +218,8 @@ func Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ParseArgs checks if a single positional argument was defined and extracts this the root.
-// If no positional arguments are defined, it is assumed that the root is specified as a flag.
-func ParseArgs(args []string) ([]string, string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Parsing arguments")
-
-	if len(args) < 2 {
-		return args, "", nil
-	}
-
-	var lastPositionalArg int
-	for i, arg := range args {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") {
-			break
-		}
-		lastPositionalArg = i
-	}
-
-	if lastPositionalArg == 0 {
-		return args, "", nil
-	}
-
-	if lastPositionalArg == 1 {
-		return append([]string{args[0]}, args[2:]...), args[1], nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected positional argument(s) %v", args[2:lastPositionalArg+1])
-}
-
-func verifyFlags(o *options) error {
-	log.Infof("Verifying Flags")
-	if o.root == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("the install root must be specified")
-	}
-
-	if _, exists := availableRuntimes[o.runtime]; !exists {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unknown runtime: %v", o.runtime)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func initialize(pidFile string) error {
-	log.Infof("Initializing")
+func (a *app) initialize(pidFile string) error {
+	a.logger.Infof("Initializing")
 
 	if dir := filepath.Dir(pidFile); dir != "" {
 		err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755)
@@ -246,12 +235,12 @@ func initialize(pidFile string) error {
 
 	err = unix.Flock(int(f.Fd()), unix.LOCK_EX|unix.LOCK_NB)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warningf("Unable to get exclusive lock on '%v'", pidFile)
-		log.Warningf("This normally means an instance of the NVIDIA toolkit Container is already running, aborting")
+		a.logger.Warningf("Unable to get exclusive lock on '%v'", pidFile)
+		a.logger.Warningf("This normally means an instance of the NVIDIA toolkit Container is already running, aborting")
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get flock on pidfile: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	_, err = f.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v\n", os.Getpid()))
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(f, "%v\n", os.Getpid())
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to write PID to pidfile: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -264,8 +253,8 @@ func initialize(pidFile string) error {
 		case <-waitingForSignal:
 			signalReceived <- true
 		default:
-			log.Infof("Signal received, exiting early")
-			shutdown(pidFile)
+			a.logger.Infof("Signal received, exiting early")
+			a.shutdown(pidFile)
 			os.Exit(0)
 		}
 	}()
@@ -273,18 +262,18 @@ func initialize(pidFile string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func waitForSignal() error {
-	log.Infof("Waiting for signal")
+func (a *app) waitForSignal() error {
+	a.logger.Infof("Waiting for signal")
 	waitingForSignal <- true
 	<-signalReceived
 	return nil
 }
 
-func shutdown(pidFile string) {
-	log.Infof("Shutting Down")
+func (a *app) shutdown(pidFile string) {
+	a.logger.Infof("Shutting Down")
 
 	err := os.Remove(pidFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warningf("Unable to remove pidfile: %v", err)
+		a.logger.Warningf("Unable to remove pidfile: %v", err)
 	}
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "installer", "artifacts")
+	hostRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", "rootfs-1")
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description           string
+		args                  []string
+		expectedToolkitConfig string
+		expectedRuntimeConfig string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "no args",
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "CDI enabled enables CDI in docker",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "features": {
+        "cdi": true
+    },
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false overrides --cdi-enabled in Docker",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none", "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "CDI enabled enables CDI in containerd",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--runtime=containerd"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `version = 2
+
+[plugins]
+
+  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
+    enable_cdi = true
+
+    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
+      default_runtime_name = "nvidia"
+
+      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false overrides --cdi-enabled in containerd",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none", "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false", "--runtime=containerd"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
+      cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `version = 2
+
+[plugins]
+
+  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
+
+    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
+      default_runtime_name = "nvidia"
+
+      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testRoot := t.TempDir()
+
+			cdiOutputDir := filepath.Join(testRoot, "/var/run/cdi")
+			runtimeConfigFile := filepath.Join(testRoot, "config.file")
+
+			toolkitRoot := filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit-test")
+			toolkitConfigFile := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "toolkit/.config/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml")
+
+			app := NewApp(logger)
+
+			testArgs := []string{
+				"nvidia-ctk-installer",
+				"--toolkit-install-dir=" + toolkitRoot,
+				"--no-daemon",
+				"--cdi-output-dir=" + cdiOutputDir,
+				"--config=" + runtimeConfigFile,
+				"--create-device-nodes=none",
+				"--driver-root-ctr-path=" + hostRoot,
+				"--pid-file=" + filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit.pid"),
+				"--restart-mode=none",
+				"--source-root=" + filepath.Join(artifactRoot, "deb"),
+			}
+
+			err := app.Run(append(testArgs, tc.args...))
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.FileExists(t, toolkitConfigFile)
+			toolkitConfigFileContents, err := os.ReadFile(toolkitConfigFile)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedToolkitConfig, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(toolkitConfigFileContents))
+
+			require.FileExists(t, runtimeConfigFile)
+			runtimeConfigFileContents, err := os.ReadFile(runtimeConfigFile)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedRuntimeConfig, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(runtimeConfigFileContents))
+		})
+	}
+
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/artifact-root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup"
+)
+
+// An artifactRoot is used as a source for installed artifacts.
+// It is refined by a directory path, a library locator, and an executable locator.
+type artifactRoot struct {
+	path        string
+	libraries   lookup.Locator
+	executables lookup.Locator
+}
+
+func newArtifactRoot(logger logger.Interface, rootDirectoryPath string) (*artifactRoot, error) {
+	relativeLibrarySearchPaths := []string{
+		"/usr/lib64",
+		"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
+		"/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu",
+	}
+	var librarySearchPaths []string
+	for _, l := range relativeLibrarySearchPaths {
+		librarySearchPaths = append(librarySearchPaths, filepath.Join(rootDirectoryPath, l))
+	}
+
+	a := artifactRoot{
+		path: rootDirectoryPath,
+		libraries: lookup.NewLibraryLocator(
+			lookup.WithLogger(logger),
+			lookup.WithCount(1),
+			lookup.WithSearchPaths(librarySearchPaths...),
+		),
+		executables: lookup.NewExecutableLocator(
+			logger,
+			rootDirectoryPath,
+		),
+	}
+
+	return &a, nil
+}
+
+func (r *artifactRoot) findLibrary(name string) (string, error) {
+	candidates, err := r.libraries.Locate(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error locating library: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("library %v not found", name)
+	}
+
+	return candidates[0], nil
+}
+
+func (r *artifactRoot) findExecutable(name string) (string, error) {
+	candidates, err := r.executables.Locate(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error locating executable: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("executable %v not found", name)
+	}
+
+	return candidates[0], nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/directory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+)
+
+type createDirectory struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+}
+
+func (t *toolkitInstaller) createDirectory() Installer {
+	return &createDirectory{
+		logger: t.logger,
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *createDirectory) Install(dir string) error {
+	if dir == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	d.logger.Infof("Creating directory '%v'", dir)
+	err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/executables.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator"
+)
+
+type executable struct {
+	requiresKernelModule bool
+	path                 string
+	symlink              string
+	args                 []string
+	env                  map[string]string
+}
+
+func (t *toolkitInstaller) collectExecutables(destDir string) ([]Installer, error) {
+	configHome := filepath.Join(destDir, ".config")
+	configDir := filepath.Join(configHome, "nvidia-container-runtime")
+	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "config.toml")
+
+	executables := []executable{
+		{
+			path: "nvidia-ctk",
+		},
+		{
+			path: "nvidia-cdi-hook",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, runtime := range operator.GetRuntimes() {
+		e := executable{
+			path:                 runtime.Path,
+			requiresKernelModule: true,
+			env: map[string]string{
+				"XDG_CONFIG_HOME": configHome,
+			},
+		}
+		executables = append(executables, e)
+	}
+	executables = append(executables,
+		executable{
+			path: "nvidia-container-cli",
+			env:  map[string]string{"LD_LIBRARY_PATH": destDir + ":$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"},
+		},
+	)
+
+	executables = append(executables,
+		executable{
+			path:    "nvidia-container-runtime-hook",
+			symlink: "nvidia-container-toolkit",
+			args:    []string{fmt.Sprintf("-config %s", configPath)},
+		},
+	)
+
+	var installers []Installer
+	for _, executable := range executables {
+		executablePath, err := t.artifactRoot.findExecutable(executable.path)
+		if err != nil {
+			if t.ignoreErrors {
+				log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		wrappedExecutableFilename := filepath.Base(executablePath)
+		dotRealFilename := wrappedExecutableFilename + ".real"
+
+		w := &wrapper{
+			Source:            executablePath,
+			WrappedExecutable: dotRealFilename,
+			CheckModules:      executable.requiresKernelModule,
+			Args:              executable.args,
+			Envvars: map[string]string{
+				"PATH": strings.Join([]string{destDir, "$PATH"}, ":"),
+			},
+		}
+		for k, v := range executable.env {
+			w.Envvars[k] = v
+		}
+
+		installers = append(installers, w)
+
+		if executable.symlink == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		link := symlink{
+			linkname: executable.symlink,
+			target:   filepath.Base(executablePath),
+		}
+		installers = append(installers, link)
+	}
+
+	return installers, nil
+
+}
+
+type wrapper struct {
+	Source            string
+	Envvars           map[string]string
+	WrappedExecutable string
+	CheckModules      bool
+	Args              []string
+}
+
+type render struct {
+	*wrapper
+	DestDir string
+}
+
+func (w *wrapper) Install(destDir string) error {
+	// Copy the executable with a .real extension.
+	mode, err := installFile(w.Source, filepath.Join(destDir, w.WrappedExecutable))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Create a wrapper file.
+	r := render{
+		wrapper: w,
+		DestDir: destDir,
+	}
+	content, err := r.render()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to render wrapper: %w", err)
+	}
+	wrapperFile := filepath.Join(destDir, filepath.Base(w.Source))
+	return installContent(content, wrapperFile, mode|0111)
+}
+
+func (w *render) render() (io.Reader, error) {
+	wrapperTemplate := `#! /bin/sh
+{{- if (.CheckModules) }}
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+{{- end }}
+{{- range $key, $value := .Envvars }}
+{{$key}}={{$value}} \
+{{- end }}
+	{{ .DestDir }}/{{ .WrappedExecutable }} \
+{{- range $arg := .Args }}
+		{{$arg}} \
+{{- end }}
+		"$@"
+`
+
+	var content bytes.Buffer
+	tmpl, err := template.New("wrapper").Parse(wrapperTemplate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(&content, w); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &content, nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/executables_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestWrapperRender(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description string
+		w           *wrapper
+		expected    string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "executable is added",
+			w: &wrapper{
+				WrappedExecutable: "some-runtime",
+			},
+			expected: `#! /bin/sh
+	/dest-dir/some-runtime \
+		"$@"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "module check is added",
+			w: &wrapper{
+				WrappedExecutable: "some-runtime",
+				CheckModules:      true,
+			},
+			expected: `#! /bin/sh
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+	/dest-dir/some-runtime \
+		"$@"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "environment is added",
+			w: &wrapper{
+				WrappedExecutable: "some-runtime",
+				Envvars: map[string]string{
+					"PATH": "/foo/bar/baz",
+				},
+			},
+			expected: `#! /bin/sh
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz \
+	/dest-dir/some-runtime \
+		"$@"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "args are added",
+			w: &wrapper{
+				WrappedExecutable: "some-runtime",
+				Args:              []string{"--config foo", "bar"},
+			},
+			expected: `#! /bin/sh
+	/dest-dir/some-runtime \
+		--config foo \
+		bar \
+		"$@"
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			r := render{
+				wrapper: tc.w,
+				DestDir: "/dest-dir",
+			}
+			reader, err := r.render()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			var content bytes.Buffer
+			_, err = content.ReadFrom(reader)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expected, content.String())
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/file-installer_mock.go

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// Code generated by moq; DO NOT EDIT.
+// github.com/matryer/moq
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// Ensure, that fileInstallerMock does implement fileInstaller.
+// If this is not the case, regenerate this file with moq.
+var _ fileInstaller = &fileInstallerMock{}
+
+// fileInstallerMock is a mock implementation of fileInstaller.
+//
+//	func TestSomethingThatUsesfileInstaller(t *testing.T) {
+//
+//		// make and configure a mocked fileInstaller
+//		mockedfileInstaller := &fileInstallerMock{
+//			installContentFunc: func(reader io.Reader, s string, v os.FileMode) error {
+//				panic("mock out the installContent method")
+//			},
+//			installFileFunc: func(s1 string, s2 string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+//				panic("mock out the installFile method")
+//			},
+//			installSymlinkFunc: func(s1 string, s2 string) error {
+//				panic("mock out the installSymlink method")
+//			},
+//		}
+//
+//		// use mockedfileInstaller in code that requires fileInstaller
+//		// and then make assertions.
+//
+//	}
+type fileInstallerMock struct {
+	// installContentFunc mocks the installContent method.
+	installContentFunc func(reader io.Reader, s string, v os.FileMode) error
+
+	// installFileFunc mocks the installFile method.
+	installFileFunc func(s1 string, s2 string) (os.FileMode, error)
+
+	// installSymlinkFunc mocks the installSymlink method.
+	installSymlinkFunc func(s1 string, s2 string) error
+
+	// calls tracks calls to the methods.
+	calls struct {
+		// installContent holds details about calls to the installContent method.
+		installContent []struct {
+			// Reader is the reader argument value.
+			Reader io.Reader
+			// S is the s argument value.
+			S string
+			// V is the v argument value.
+			V os.FileMode
+		}
+		// installFile holds details about calls to the installFile method.
+		installFile []struct {
+			// S1 is the s1 argument value.
+			S1 string
+			// S2 is the s2 argument value.
+			S2 string
+		}
+		// installSymlink holds details about calls to the installSymlink method.
+		installSymlink []struct {
+			// S1 is the s1 argument value.
+			S1 string
+			// S2 is the s2 argument value.
+			S2 string
+		}
+	}
+	lockinstallContent sync.RWMutex
+	lockinstallFile    sync.RWMutex
+	lockinstallSymlink sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// installContent calls installContentFunc.
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installContent(reader io.Reader, s string, v os.FileMode) error {
+	if mock.installContentFunc == nil {
+		panic("fileInstallerMock.installContentFunc: method is nil but fileInstaller.installContent was just called")
+	}
+	callInfo := struct {
+		Reader io.Reader
+		S      string
+		V      os.FileMode
+	}{
+		Reader: reader,
+		S:      s,
+		V:      v,
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallContent.Lock()
+	mock.calls.installContent = append(mock.calls.installContent, callInfo)
+	mock.lockinstallContent.Unlock()
+	return mock.installContentFunc(reader, s, v)
+}
+
+// installContentCalls gets all the calls that were made to installContent.
+// Check the length with:
+//
+//	len(mockedfileInstaller.installContentCalls())
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installContentCalls() []struct {
+	Reader io.Reader
+	S      string
+	V      os.FileMode
+} {
+	var calls []struct {
+		Reader io.Reader
+		S      string
+		V      os.FileMode
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallContent.RLock()
+	calls = mock.calls.installContent
+	mock.lockinstallContent.RUnlock()
+	return calls
+}
+
+// installFile calls installFileFunc.
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installFile(s1 string, s2 string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+	if mock.installFileFunc == nil {
+		panic("fileInstallerMock.installFileFunc: method is nil but fileInstaller.installFile was just called")
+	}
+	callInfo := struct {
+		S1 string
+		S2 string
+	}{
+		S1: s1,
+		S2: s2,
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallFile.Lock()
+	mock.calls.installFile = append(mock.calls.installFile, callInfo)
+	mock.lockinstallFile.Unlock()
+	return mock.installFileFunc(s1, s2)
+}
+
+// installFileCalls gets all the calls that were made to installFile.
+// Check the length with:
+//
+//	len(mockedfileInstaller.installFileCalls())
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installFileCalls() []struct {
+	S1 string
+	S2 string
+} {
+	var calls []struct {
+		S1 string
+		S2 string
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallFile.RLock()
+	calls = mock.calls.installFile
+	mock.lockinstallFile.RUnlock()
+	return calls
+}
+
+// installSymlink calls installSymlinkFunc.
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installSymlink(s1 string, s2 string) error {
+	if mock.installSymlinkFunc == nil {
+		panic("fileInstallerMock.installSymlinkFunc: method is nil but fileInstaller.installSymlink was just called")
+	}
+	callInfo := struct {
+		S1 string
+		S2 string
+	}{
+		S1: s1,
+		S2: s2,
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallSymlink.Lock()
+	mock.calls.installSymlink = append(mock.calls.installSymlink, callInfo)
+	mock.lockinstallSymlink.Unlock()
+	return mock.installSymlinkFunc(s1, s2)
+}
+
+// installSymlinkCalls gets all the calls that were made to installSymlink.
+// Check the length with:
+//
+//	len(mockedfileInstaller.installSymlinkCalls())
+func (mock *fileInstallerMock) installSymlinkCalls() []struct {
+	S1 string
+	S2 string
+} {
+	var calls []struct {
+		S1 string
+		S2 string
+	}
+	mock.lockinstallSymlink.RLock()
+	calls = mock.calls.installSymlink
+	mock.lockinstallSymlink.RUnlock()
+	return calls
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/installer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+)
+
+//go:generate moq -rm -fmt=goimports -out installer_mock.go . Installer
+type Installer interface {
+	Install(string) error
+}
+
+type toolkitInstaller struct {
+	logger       logger.Interface
+	ignoreErrors bool
+	sourceRoot   string
+
+	artifactRoot *artifactRoot
+
+	ensureTargetDirectory Installer
+}
+
+var _ Installer = (*toolkitInstaller)(nil)
+
+// New creates a toolkit installer with the specified options.
+func New(opts ...Option) (Installer, error) {
+	t := &toolkitInstaller{}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(t)
+	}
+
+	if t.logger == nil {
+		t.logger = logger.New()
+	}
+	if t.sourceRoot == "" {
+		t.sourceRoot = "/"
+	}
+	if t.artifactRoot == nil {
+		artifactRoot, err := newArtifactRoot(t.logger, t.sourceRoot)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		t.artifactRoot = artifactRoot
+	}
+
+	if t.ensureTargetDirectory == nil {
+		t.ensureTargetDirectory = t.createDirectory()
+	}
+
+	return t, nil
+}
+
+// Install ensures that the required toolkit files are installed in the specified directory.
+func (t *toolkitInstaller) Install(destDir string) error {
+	var installers []Installer
+
+	installers = append(installers, t.ensureTargetDirectory)
+
+	libraries, err := t.collectLibraries()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to collect libraries: %w", err)
+	}
+	installers = append(installers, libraries...)
+
+	executables, err := t.collectExecutables(destDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to collect executables: %w", err)
+	}
+	installers = append(installers, executables...)
+
+	var errs error
+	for _, i := range installers {
+		errs = errors.Join(errs, i.Install(destDir))
+	}
+
+	return errs
+}
+
+type symlink struct {
+	linkname string
+	target   string
+}
+
+func (s symlink) Install(destDir string) error {
+	symlinkPath := filepath.Join(destDir, s.linkname)
+	return installSymlink(s.target, symlinkPath)
+}
+
+//go:generate moq -rm -fmt=goimports -out file-installer_mock.go . fileInstaller
+type fileInstaller interface {
+	installContent(io.Reader, string, os.FileMode) error
+	installFile(string, string) (os.FileMode, error)
+	installSymlink(string, string) error
+}
+
+var installSymlink = installSymlinkStub
+
+func installSymlinkStub(target string, link string) error {
+	err := os.Symlink(target, link)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating symlink '%v' => '%v': %v", link, target, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var installFile = installFileStub
+
+func installFileStub(src string, dest string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+	sourceInfo, err := os.Stat(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("error getting file info for '%v': %v", src, err)
+	}
+
+	source, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("error opening source: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer source.Close()
+
+	mode := sourceInfo.Mode()
+	if err := installContent(source, dest, mode); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return mode, nil
+}
+
+var installContent = installContentStub
+
+func installContentStub(content io.Reader, dest string, mode fs.FileMode) error {
+	destination, err := os.Create(dest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer destination.Close()
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(destination, content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error copying file: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = os.Chmod(dest, mode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error setting mode for '%v': %v", dest, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/installer_mock.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Code generated by moq; DO NOT EDIT.
+// github.com/matryer/moq
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// Ensure, that InstallerMock does implement Installer.
+// If this is not the case, regenerate this file with moq.
+var _ Installer = &InstallerMock{}
+
+// InstallerMock is a mock implementation of Installer.
+//
+//	func TestSomethingThatUsesInstaller(t *testing.T) {
+//
+//		// make and configure a mocked Installer
+//		mockedInstaller := &InstallerMock{
+//			InstallFunc: func(s string) error {
+//				panic("mock out the Install method")
+//			},
+//		}
+//
+//		// use mockedInstaller in code that requires Installer
+//		// and then make assertions.
+//
+//	}
+type InstallerMock struct {
+	// InstallFunc mocks the Install method.
+	InstallFunc func(s string) error
+
+	// calls tracks calls to the methods.
+	calls struct {
+		// Install holds details about calls to the Install method.
+		Install []struct {
+			// S is the s argument value.
+			S string
+		}
+	}
+	lockInstall sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// Install calls InstallFunc.
+func (mock *InstallerMock) Install(s string) error {
+	if mock.InstallFunc == nil {
+		panic("InstallerMock.InstallFunc: method is nil but Installer.Install was just called")
+	}
+	callInfo := struct {
+		S string
+	}{
+		S: s,
+	}
+	mock.lockInstall.Lock()
+	mock.calls.Install = append(mock.calls.Install, callInfo)
+	mock.lockInstall.Unlock()
+	return mock.InstallFunc(s)
+}
+
+// InstallCalls gets all the calls that were made to Install.
+// Check the length with:
+//
+//	len(mockedInstaller.InstallCalls())
+func (mock *InstallerMock) InstallCalls() []struct {
+	S string
+} {
+	var calls []struct {
+		S string
+	}
+	mock.lockInstall.RLock()
+	calls = mock.calls.Install
+	mock.lockInstall.RUnlock()
+	return calls
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/installer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup"
+)
+
+func TestToolkitInstaller(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	type contentCall struct {
+		wrapper string
+		path    string
+		mode    fs.FileMode
+	}
+	var contentCalls []contentCall
+
+	installer := &fileInstallerMock{
+		installFileFunc: func(s1, s2 string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+			return 0666, nil
+		},
+		installContentFunc: func(reader io.Reader, s string, fileMode fs.FileMode) error {
+			var b bytes.Buffer
+			if _, err := b.ReadFrom(reader); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			contents := contentCall{
+				wrapper: b.String(),
+				path:    s,
+				mode:    fileMode,
+			}
+
+			contentCalls = append(contentCalls, contents)
+			return nil
+		},
+		installSymlinkFunc: func(s1, s2 string) error {
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	installFile = installer.installFile
+	installContent = installer.installContent
+	installSymlink = installer.installSymlink
+
+	root := "/artifacts/test"
+	libraries := &lookup.LocatorMock{
+		LocateFunc: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
+			switch s {
+			case "libnvidia-container.so.1":
+				return []string{filepath.Join(root, "libnvidia-container.so.987.65.43")}, nil
+			case "libnvidia-container-go.so.1":
+				return []string{filepath.Join(root, "libnvidia-container-go.so.1.23.4")}, nil
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v not found", s)
+		},
+	}
+	executables := &lookup.LocatorMock{
+		LocateFunc: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
+			switch s {
+			case "nvidia-container-runtime.cdi":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-container-runtime.legacy":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-container-runtime":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-ctk":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-container-cli":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-container-runtime-hook":
+				fallthrough
+			case "nvidia-cdi-hook":
+				return []string{filepath.Join(root, "usr/bin", s)}, nil
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v not found", s)
+		},
+	}
+
+	r := &artifactRoot{
+		libraries:   libraries,
+		executables: executables,
+	}
+
+	createDirectory := &InstallerMock{
+		InstallFunc: func(c string) error {
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	i := toolkitInstaller{
+		logger:                logger,
+		artifactRoot:          r,
+		ensureTargetDirectory: createDirectory,
+	}
+
+	err := i.Install("/foo/bar/baz")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]struct {
+			S string
+		}{
+			{"/foo/bar/baz"},
+		},
+		createDirectory.InstallCalls(),
+	)
+
+	require.ElementsMatch(t,
+		installer.installFileCalls(),
+		[]struct {
+			S1 string
+			S2 string
+		}{
+			{"/artifacts/test/libnvidia-container-go.so.1.23.4", "/foo/bar/baz/libnvidia-container-go.so.1.23.4"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/libnvidia-container.so.987.65.43", "/foo/bar/baz/libnvidia-container.so.987.65.43"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-ctk", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-ctk.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-cdi-hook.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-cli", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-cli.real"},
+			{"/artifacts/test/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime-hook", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime-hook.real"},
+		},
+	)
+
+	require.ElementsMatch(t,
+		installer.installSymlinkCalls(),
+		[]struct {
+			S1 string
+			S2 string
+		}{
+			{"libnvidia-container-go.so.1.23.4", "/foo/bar/baz/libnvidia-container-go.so.1"},
+			{"libnvidia-container.so.987.65.43", "/foo/bar/baz/libnvidia-container.so.1"},
+			{"nvidia-container-runtime-hook", "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-toolkit"},
+		},
+	)
+
+	require.ElementsMatch(t,
+		contentCalls,
+		[]contentCall{
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/foo/bar/baz/.config \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/foo/bar/baz/.config \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+cat /proc/modules | grep -e "^nvidia " >/dev/null 2>&1
+if [ "${?}" != "0" ]; then
+	echo "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly"
+	exec runc "$@"
+fi
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+XDG_CONFIG_HOME=/foo/bar/baz/.config \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-ctk",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-ctk.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-cdi-hook.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-cli",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH \
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-cli.real \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+			{
+				path: "/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime-hook",
+				mode: 0777,
+				wrapper: `#! /bin/sh
+PATH=/foo/bar/baz:$PATH \
+	/foo/bar/baz/nvidia-container-runtime-hook.real \
+		-config /foo/bar/baz/.config/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml \
+		"$@"
+`,
+			},
+		},
+	)
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/libraries.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// collectLibraries locates and installs the libraries that are part of
+// the nvidia-container-toolkit.
+// A predefined set of library candidates are considered, with the first one
+// resulting in success being installed to the toolkit folder. The install process
+// resolves the symlink for the library and copies the versioned library itself.
+func (t *toolkitInstaller) collectLibraries() ([]Installer, error) {
+	requiredLibraries := []string{
+		"libnvidia-container.so.1",
+		"libnvidia-container-go.so.1",
+	}
+
+	var installers []Installer
+	for _, l := range requiredLibraries {
+		libraryPath, err := t.artifactRoot.findLibrary(l)
+		if err != nil {
+			if t.ignoreErrors {
+				log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		installers = append(installers, library(libraryPath))
+
+		if filepath.Base(libraryPath) == l {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		link := symlink{
+			linkname: l,
+			target:   filepath.Base(libraryPath),
+		}
+		installers = append(installers, link)
+	}
+
+	return installers, nil
+}
+
+type library string
+
+// Install copies the library l to the destination folder.
+// The same basename is used in the destination folder.
+func (l library) Install(destinationDir string) error {
+	dest := filepath.Join(destinationDir, filepath.Base(string(l)))
+
+	_, err := installFile(string(l), dest)
+	return err
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package installer
+
+import "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+
+type Option func(*toolkitInstaller)
+
+func WithLogger(logger logger.Interface) Option {
+	return func(ti *toolkitInstaller) {
+		ti.logger = logger
+	}
+}
+
+func WithArtifactRoot(artifactRoot *artifactRoot) Option {
+	return func(ti *toolkitInstaller) {
+		ti.artifactRoot = artifactRoot
+	}
+}
+
+func WithIgnoreErrors(ignoreErrors bool) Option {
+	return func(ti *toolkitInstaller) {
+		ti.ignoreErrors = ignoreErrors
+	}
+}
+
+// WithSourceRoot sets the root directory for locating artifacts to be installed.
+func WithSourceRoot(sourceRoot string) Option {
+	return func(ti *toolkitInstaller) {
+		ti.sourceRoot = sourceRoot
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/options.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
-# Copyright (c) 2021, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,34 +12,29 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-*/
+**/
 
 package toolkit
 
-import "strings"
+import "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 
-const (
-	destDirPattern = "@destDir@"
-)
+// An Option provides a mechanism to configure an Installer.
+type Option func(*Installer)
 
-type replacements map[string]string
-
-func newReplacements(rules ...string) replacements {
-	r := make(replacements)
-	for i := 0; i < len(rules)-1; i += 2 {
-		old := rules[i]
-		new := rules[i+1]
-
-		r[old] = new
+func WithLogger(logger logger.Interface) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.logger = logger
 	}
-
-	return r
 }
 
-func (r replacements) apply(input string) string {
-	output := input
-	for old, new := range r {
-		output = strings.ReplaceAll(output, old, new)
+func WithToolkitRoot(toolkitRoot string) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.toolkitRoot = toolkitRoot
+	}
+}
+
+func WithSourceRoot(sourceRoot string) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.sourceRoot = sourceRoot
 	}
-	return output
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/toolkit.go

@@ -17,19 +17,18 @@
 package toolkit
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/installer"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/system/nvdevices"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi"
 	transformroot "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/transform/root"
@@ -39,15 +38,17 @@ const (
 	// DefaultNvidiaDriverRoot specifies the default NVIDIA driver run directory
 	DefaultNvidiaDriverRoot = "/run/nvidia/driver"
 
-	nvidiaContainerCliSource         = "/usr/bin/nvidia-container-cli"
-	nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookSource = "/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
-
-	nvidiaContainerToolkitConfigSource = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml"
-	configFilename                     = "config.toml"
-
-	toolkitPidFilename = "toolkit.pid"
+	configFilename = "config.toml"
 )
 
+type cdiOptions struct {
+	Enabled   bool
+	outputDir string
+	kind      string
+	vendor    string
+	class     string
+}
+
 type Options struct {
 	DriverRoot        string
 	DevRoot           string
@@ -67,11 +68,8 @@ type Options struct {
 
 	ContainerCLIDebug string
 
-	cdiEnabled   bool
-	cdiOutputDir string
-	cdiKind      string
-	cdiVendor    string
-	cdiClass     string
+	// CDI stores the CDI options for the toolkit.
+	CDI cdiOptions
 
 	createDeviceNodes cli.StringSlice
 
@@ -174,21 +172,21 @@ func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 			Name:        "cdi-enabled",
 			Aliases:     []string{"enable-cdi"},
 			Usage:       "enable the generation of a CDI specification",
-			Destination: &opts.cdiEnabled,
+			Destination: &opts.CDI.Enabled,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"CDI_ENABLED", "ENABLE_CDI"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "cdi-output-dir",
 			Usage:       "the directory where the CDI output files are to be written. If this is set to '', no CDI specification is generated.",
 			Value:       "/var/run/cdi",
-			Destination: &opts.cdiOutputDir,
+			Destination: &opts.CDI.outputDir,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"CDI_OUTPUT_DIR"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "cdi-kind",
 			Usage:       "the vendor string to use for the generated CDI specification",
 			Value:       "management.nvidia.com/gpu",
-			Destination: &opts.cdiKind,
+			Destination: &opts.CDI.kind,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"CDI_KIND"},
 		},
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
@@ -215,25 +213,50 @@ func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 	return flags
 }
 
-// ValidateOptions checks whether the specified options are valid
-func ValidateOptions(opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
-	if toolkitRoot == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --toolkit-root option: %v", toolkitRoot)
+// An Installer is used to install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit from the toolkit container.
+type Installer struct {
+	logger     logger.Interface
+	sourceRoot string
+	// toolkitRoot specifies the destination path at which the toolkit is installed.
+	toolkitRoot string
+}
+
+// NewInstaller creates an installer for the NVIDIA Container Toolkit.
+func NewInstaller(opts ...Option) *Installer {
+	i := &Installer{}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(i)
 	}
 
-	vendor, class := parser.ParseQualifier(opts.cdiKind)
+	if i.logger == nil {
+		i.logger = logger.New()
+	}
+
+	return i
+}
+
+// ValidateOptions checks whether the specified options are valid
+func (t *Installer) ValidateOptions(opts *Options) error {
+	if t == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("toolkit installer is not initilized")
+	}
+	if t.toolkitRoot == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --toolkit-root option: %v", t.toolkitRoot)
+	}
+
+	vendor, class := parser.ParseQualifier(opts.CDI.kind)
 	if err := parser.ValidateVendorName(vendor); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid CDI vendor name: %v", err)
 	}
 	if err := parser.ValidateClassName(class); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid CDI class name: %v", err)
 	}
-	opts.cdiVendor = vendor
-	opts.cdiClass = class
+	opts.CDI.vendor = vendor
+	opts.CDI.class = class
 
-	if opts.cdiEnabled && opts.cdiOutputDir == "" {
-		log.Warning("Skipping CDI spec generation (no output directory specified)")
-		opts.cdiEnabled = false
+	if opts.CDI.Enabled && opts.CDI.outputDir == "" {
+		t.logger.Warning("Skipping CDI spec generation (no output directory specified)")
+		opts.CDI.Enabled = false
 	}
 
 	isDisabled := false
@@ -246,8 +269,8 @@ func ValidateOptions(opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	if !opts.cdiEnabled && !isDisabled {
-		log.Info("disabling device node creation since --cdi-enabled=false")
+	if !opts.CDI.Enabled && !isDisabled {
+		t.logger.Info("disabling device node creation since --cdi-enabled=false")
 		isDisabled = true
 	}
 	if isDisabled {
@@ -257,165 +280,61 @@ func ValidateOptions(opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// TryDelete attempts to remove the specified toolkit folder.
-// A toolkit.pid file -- if present -- is skipped.
-func TryDelete(cli *cli.Context, toolkitRoot string) error {
-	log.Infof("Attempting to delete NVIDIA container toolkit from '%v'", toolkitRoot)
-
-	contents, err := os.ReadDir(toolkitRoot)
-	if err != nil && errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return nil
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read the contents of %v: %w", toolkitRoot, err)
-	}
-
-	for _, content := range contents {
-		if content.Name() == toolkitPidFilename {
-			continue
-		}
-		name := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, content.Name())
-		if err := os.RemoveAll(name); err != nil {
-			log.Warningf("could not remove %v: %v", name, err)
-		}
-	}
-	if err := os.RemoveAll(toolkitRoot); err != nil {
-		log.Warningf("could not remove %v: %v", toolkitRoot, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Install installs the components of the NVIDIA container toolkit.
 // Any existing installation is removed.
-func Install(cli *cli.Context, opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit to '%v'", toolkitRoot)
+func (t *Installer) Install(cli *cli.Context, opts *Options) error {
+	if t == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("toolkit installer is not initilized")
+	}
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit to '%v'", t.toolkitRoot)
 
-	log.Infof("Removing existing NVIDIA container toolkit installation")
-	err := os.RemoveAll(toolkitRoot)
+	t.logger.Infof("Removing existing NVIDIA container toolkit installation")
+	err := os.RemoveAll(t.toolkitRoot)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error removing toolkit directory: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error removing toolkit directory: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error removing toolkit directory: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	toolkitConfigDir := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime")
-	toolkitConfigPath := filepath.Join(toolkitConfigDir, configFilename)
-
-	err = createDirectories(toolkitRoot, toolkitConfigDir)
-	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err))
+	// Create a toolkit installer to actually install the toolkit components.
+	toolkit, err := installer.New(
+		installer.WithLogger(t.logger),
+		installer.WithSourceRoot(t.sourceRoot),
+		installer.WithIgnoreErrors(opts.ignoreErrors),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !opts.ignoreErrors {
+			return fmt.Errorf("could not create toolkit installer: %w", err)
+		}
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not create toolkit installer: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := toolkit.Install(t.toolkitRoot); err != nil {
+		if !opts.ignoreErrors {
+			return fmt.Errorf("could not install toolkit components: %w", err)
+		}
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not install toolkit components: %w", err))
 	}
 
-	err = installContainerLibraries(toolkitRoot)
-	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container library: %v", err)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container library: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	err = installContainerRuntimes(toolkitRoot, opts.DriverRoot)
-	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime: %v", err)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	nvidiaContainerCliExecutable, err := installContainerCLI(toolkitRoot)
-	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container CLI: %v", err)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container CLI: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath, err := installRuntimeHook(toolkitRoot, toolkitConfigPath)
-	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	nvidiaCTKPath, err := installContainerToolkitCLI(toolkitRoot)
-	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container Toolkit CLI: %v", err)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container Toolkit CLI: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	nvidiaCDIHookPath, err := installContainerCDIHookCLI(toolkitRoot)
-	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container CDI Hook CLI: %v", err)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container CDI Hook CLI: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	err = installToolkitConfig(cli, toolkitConfigPath, nvidiaContainerCliExecutable, nvidiaCTKPath, nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath, opts)
+	err = t.installToolkitConfig(cli, opts)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container toolkit config: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container toolkit config: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container toolkit config: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	err = createDeviceNodes(opts)
+	err = t.createDeviceNodes(opts)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error creating device nodes: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error creating device nodes: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error creating device nodes: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	err = generateCDISpec(opts, nvidiaCDIHookPath)
+	nvidiaCDIHookPath := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, "nvidia-cdi-hook")
+	err = t.generateCDISpec(opts, nvidiaCDIHookPath)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error generating CDI specification: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error generating CDI specification: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// installContainerLibraries locates and installs the libraries that are part of
-// the nvidia-container-toolkit.
-// A predefined set of library candidates are considered, with the first one
-// resulting in success being installed to the toolkit folder. The install process
-// resolves the symlink for the library and copies the versioned library itself.
-func installContainerLibraries(toolkitRoot string) error {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container library to '%v'", toolkitRoot)
-
-	libs := []string{
-		"libnvidia-container.so.1",
-		"libnvidia-container-go.so.1",
-	}
-
-	for _, l := range libs {
-		err := installLibrary(l, toolkitRoot)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to install %s: %v", l, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// installLibrary installs the specified library to the toolkit directory.
-func installLibrary(libName string, toolkitRoot string) error {
-	libraryPath, err := findLibrary("", libName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error locating NVIDIA container library: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	installedLibPath, err := installFileToFolder(toolkitRoot, libraryPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error installing %v to %v: %v", libraryPath, toolkitRoot, err)
-	}
-	log.Infof("Installed '%v' to '%v'", libraryPath, installedLibPath)
-
-	if filepath.Base(installedLibPath) == libName {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	err = installSymlink(toolkitRoot, libName, installedLibPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error installing symlink for NVIDIA container library: %v", err)
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error generating CDI specification: %v", err))
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -423,12 +342,23 @@ func installLibrary(libName string, toolkitRoot string) error {
 
 // installToolkitConfig installs the config file for the NVIDIA container toolkit ensuring
 // that the settings are updated to match the desired install and nvidia driver directories.
-func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContainerCliExecutablePath string, nvidiaCTKPath string, nvidaContainerRuntimeHookPath string, opts *Options) error {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit config '%v'", toolkitConfigPath)
+func (t *Installer) installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, opts *Options) error {
+	toolkitConfigDir := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime")
+	toolkitConfigPath := filepath.Join(toolkitConfigDir, configFilename)
 
-	cfg, err := config.New(
-		config.WithConfigFile(nvidiaContainerToolkitConfigSource),
-	)
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit config '%v'", toolkitConfigPath)
+
+	err := t.createDirectories(toolkitConfigDir)
+	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err))
+	}
+	nvidiaContainerCliExecutablePath := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-cli")
+	nvidiaCTKPath := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, "nvidia-ctk")
+	nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime-hook")
+
+	cfg, err := config.New()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("could not open source config file: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -456,7 +386,7 @@ func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContai
 		// Set nvidia-ctk options
 		"nvidia-ctk.path": nvidiaCTKPath,
 		// Set the nvidia-container-runtime-hook options
-		"nvidia-container-runtime-hook.path":                nvidaContainerRuntimeHookPath,
+		"nvidia-container-runtime-hook.path":                nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath,
 		"nvidia-container-runtime-hook.skip-mode-detection": opts.ContainerRuntimeHookSkipModeDetection,
 	}
 
@@ -486,11 +416,11 @@ func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContai
 
 	for key, value := range optionalConfigValues {
 		if !c.IsSet(key) {
-			log.Infof("Skipping unset option: %v", key)
+			t.logger.Infof("Skipping unset option: %v", key)
 			continue
 		}
 		if value == nil {
-			log.Infof("Skipping option with nil value: %v", key)
+			t.logger.Infof("Skipping option with nil value: %v", key)
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -505,7 +435,7 @@ func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContai
 			}
 			value = v.Value()
 		default:
-			log.Warningf("Unexpected type for option %v=%v: %T", key, value, v)
+			t.logger.Warningf("Unexpected type for option %v=%v: %T", key, value, v)
 		}
 
 		cfg.Set(key, value)
@@ -517,214 +447,15 @@ func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContai
 
 	os.Stdout.WriteString("Using config:\n")
 	if _, err = cfg.WriteTo(os.Stdout); err != nil {
-		log.Warningf("Failed to output config to STDOUT: %v", err)
+		t.logger.Warningf("Failed to output config to STDOUT: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// installContainerToolkitCLI installs the nvidia-ctk CLI executable and wrapper.
-func installContainerToolkitCLI(toolkitDir string) (string, error) {
-	e := executable{
-		source: "/usr/bin/nvidia-ctk",
-		target: executableTarget{
-			dotfileName: "nvidia-ctk.real",
-			wrapperName: "nvidia-ctk",
-		},
-	}
-
-	return e.install(toolkitDir)
-}
-
-// installContainerCDIHookCLI installs the nvidia-cdi-hook CLI executable and wrapper.
-func installContainerCDIHookCLI(toolkitDir string) (string, error) {
-	e := executable{
-		source: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
-		target: executableTarget{
-			dotfileName: "nvidia-cdi-hook.real",
-			wrapperName: "nvidia-cdi-hook",
-		},
-	}
-
-	return e.install(toolkitDir)
-}
-
-// installContainerCLI sets up the NVIDIA container CLI executable, copying the executable
-// and implementing the required wrapper
-func installContainerCLI(toolkitRoot string) (string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container CLI from '%v'", nvidiaContainerCliSource)
-
-	env := map[string]string{
-		"LD_LIBRARY_PATH": toolkitRoot,
-	}
-
-	e := executable{
-		source: nvidiaContainerCliSource,
-		target: executableTarget{
-			dotfileName: "nvidia-container-cli.real",
-			wrapperName: "nvidia-container-cli",
-		},
-		env: env,
-	}
-
-	installedPath, err := e.install(toolkitRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container CLI: %v", err)
-	}
-	return installedPath, nil
-}
-
-// installRuntimeHook sets up the NVIDIA runtime hook, copying the executable
-// and implementing the required wrapper
-func installRuntimeHook(toolkitRoot string, configFilePath string) (string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container runtime hook from '%v'", nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookSource)
-
-	argLines := []string{
-		fmt.Sprintf("-config \"%s\"", configFilePath),
-	}
-
-	e := executable{
-		source: nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookSource,
-		target: executableTarget{
-			dotfileName: "nvidia-container-runtime-hook.real",
-			wrapperName: "nvidia-container-runtime-hook",
-		},
-		argLines: argLines,
-	}
-
-	installedPath, err := e.install(toolkitRoot)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = installSymlink(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-toolkit", installedPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error installing symlink to NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return installedPath, nil
-}
-
-// installSymlink creates a symlink in the toolkitDirectory that points to the specified target.
-// Note: The target is assumed to be local to the toolkit directory
-func installSymlink(toolkitRoot string, link string, target string) error {
-	symlinkPath := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, link)
-	targetPath := filepath.Base(target)
-	log.Infof("Creating symlink '%v' -> '%v'", symlinkPath, targetPath)
-
-	err := os.Symlink(targetPath, symlinkPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error creating symlink '%v' => '%v': %v", symlinkPath, targetPath, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// installFileToFolder copies a source file to a destination folder.
-// The path of the input file is ignored.
-// e.g. installFileToFolder("/some/path/file.txt", "/output/path")
-// will result in a file "/output/path/file.txt" being generated
-func installFileToFolder(destFolder string, src string) (string, error) {
-	name := filepath.Base(src)
-	return installFileToFolderWithName(destFolder, name, src)
-}
-
-// cp src destFolder/name
-func installFileToFolderWithName(destFolder string, name, src string) (string, error) {
-	dest := filepath.Join(destFolder, name)
-	err := installFile(dest, src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error copying '%v' to '%v': %v", src, dest, err)
-	}
-	return dest, nil
-}
-
-// installFile copies a file from src to dest and maintains
-// file modes
-func installFile(dest string, src string) error {
-	log.Infof("Installing '%v' to '%v'", src, dest)
-
-	source, err := os.Open(src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error opening source: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer source.Close()
-
-	destination, err := os.Create(dest)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error creating destination: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer destination.Close()
-
-	_, err = io.Copy(destination, source)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error copying file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = applyModeFromSource(dest, src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error setting destination file mode: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// applyModeFromSource sets the file mode for a destination file
-// to match that of a specified source file
-func applyModeFromSource(dest string, src string) error {
-	sourceInfo, err := os.Stat(src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error getting file info for '%v': %v", src, err)
-	}
-	err = os.Chmod(dest, sourceInfo.Mode())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error setting mode for '%v': %v", dest, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// findLibrary searches a set of candidate libraries in the specified root for
-// a given library name
-func findLibrary(root string, libName string) (string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Finding library %v (root=%v)", libName, root)
-
-	candidateDirs := []string{
-		"/usr/lib64",
-		"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu",
-		"/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu",
-	}
-
-	for _, d := range candidateDirs {
-		l := filepath.Join(root, d, libName)
-		log.Infof("Checking library candidate '%v'", l)
-
-		libraryCandidate, err := resolveLink(l)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Infof("Skipping library candidate '%v': %v", l, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		return libraryCandidate, nil
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("error locating library '%v'", libName)
-}
-
-// resolveLink finds the target of a symlink or the file itself in the
-// case of a regular file.
-// This is equivalent to running `readlink -f ${l}`
-func resolveLink(l string) (string, error) {
-	resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(l)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error resolving link '%v': %v", l, err)
-	}
-	if l != resolved {
-		log.Infof("Resolved link: '%v' => '%v'", l, resolved)
-	}
-	return resolved, nil
-}
-
-func createDirectories(dir ...string) error {
+func (t *Installer) createDirectories(dir ...string) error {
 	for _, d := range dir {
-		log.Infof("Creating directory '%v'", d)
+		t.logger.Infof("Creating directory '%v'", d)
 		err := os.MkdirAll(d, 0755)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error creating directory: %v", err)
@@ -733,7 +464,7 @@ func createDirectories(dir ...string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
+func (t *Installer) createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
 	modes := opts.createDeviceNodes.Value()
 	if len(modes) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -747,9 +478,9 @@ func createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, mode := range modes {
-		log.Infof("Creating %v device nodes at %v", mode, opts.DevRootCtrPath)
+		t.logger.Infof("Creating %v device nodes at %v", mode, opts.DevRootCtrPath)
 		if mode != "control" {
-			log.Warningf("Unrecognised device mode: %v", mode)
+			t.logger.Warningf("Unrecognised device mode: %v", mode)
 			continue
 		}
 		if err := devices.CreateNVIDIAControlDevices(); err != nil {
@@ -760,18 +491,19 @@ func createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
 }
 
 // generateCDISpec generates a CDI spec for use in management containers
-func generateCDISpec(opts *Options, nvidiaCDIHookPath string) error {
-	if !opts.cdiEnabled {
+func (t *Installer) generateCDISpec(opts *Options, nvidiaCDIHookPath string) error {
+	if !opts.CDI.Enabled {
 		return nil
 	}
-	log.Info("Generating CDI spec for management containers")
+	t.logger.Info("Generating CDI spec for management containers")
 	cdilib, err := nvcdi.New(
+		nvcdi.WithLogger(t.logger),
 		nvcdi.WithMode(nvcdi.ModeManagement),
 		nvcdi.WithDriverRoot(opts.DriverRootCtrPath),
 		nvcdi.WithDevRoot(opts.DevRootCtrPath),
 		nvcdi.WithNVIDIACDIHookPath(nvidiaCDIHookPath),
-		nvcdi.WithVendor(opts.cdiVendor),
-		nvcdi.WithClass(opts.cdiClass),
+		nvcdi.WithVendor(opts.CDI.vendor),
+		nvcdi.WithClass(opts.CDI.class),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create CDI library for management containers: %v", err)
@@ -796,7 +528,7 @@ func generateCDISpec(opts *Options, nvidiaCDIHookPath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate CDI name for management containers: %v", err)
 	}
-	err = spec.Save(filepath.Join(opts.cdiOutputDir, name))
+	err = spec.Save(filepath.Join(opts.CDI.outputDir, name))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save CDI spec for management containers: %v", err)
 	}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/toolkit/toolkit_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package toolkit
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup/symlinks"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "installer", "artifacts")
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description     string
+		hostRoot        string
+		packageType     string
+		cdiEnabled      bool
+		expectedError   error
+		expectedCdiSpec string
+	}{
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType: "deb",
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType: "rpm",
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:      "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType:   "deb",
+			cdiEnabled:    true,
+			expectedError: fmt.Errorf("no NVIDIA device nodes found"),
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-1",
+			packageType: "deb",
+			cdiEnabled:  true,
+			expectedCdiSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/class
+devices:
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia0
+            - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidiactl
+            - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel0
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel0
+            - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel1
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel1
+            - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel2047
+              hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel2047
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    hooks:
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: {{ .toolkitRoot }}/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - create-symlinks
+            - --link
+            - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: {{ .toolkitRoot }}/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - update-ldcache
+            - --folder
+            - /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: /host/driver/root/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		// hostRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", tc.hostRoot)
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testRoot := t.TempDir()
+			toolkitRoot := filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit-test")
+			cdiOutputDir := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "toolkit-test", "/var/cdi")
+			sourceRoot := filepath.Join(artifactRoot, tc.packageType)
+			options := Options{
+				DriverRoot:        "/host/driver/root",
+				DriverRootCtrPath: filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", tc.hostRoot),
+				CDI: cdiOptions{
+					Enabled:   tc.cdiEnabled,
+					outputDir: cdiOutputDir,
+					kind:      "example.com/class",
+				},
+			}
+
+			ti := NewInstaller(
+				WithLogger(logger),
+				WithToolkitRoot(toolkitRoot),
+				WithSourceRoot(sourceRoot),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, ti.ValidateOptions(&options))
+
+			err := ti.Install(&cli.Context{}, &options)
+			if tc.expectedError == nil {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.Contains(t, err.Error(), tc.expectedError.Error())
+			}
+
+			require.DirExists(t, toolkitRoot)
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "libnvidia-container.so.1", "libnvidia-container.so.99.88.77")
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "libnvidia-container-go.so.1", "libnvidia-container-go.so.99.88.77")
+
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-cdi-hook")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-cli")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime-hook")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime.cdi")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime.legacy")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-ctk")
+
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-toolkit", "nvidia-container-runtime-hook")
+
+			// TODO: Add checks for wrapper contents
+			// grep -q -E "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly" "${shared_dir}/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+			// grep -q -E "exec runc \".@\"" "${shared_dir}/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+			require.DirExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config"))
+			require.DirExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime"))
+			require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime", "config.toml"))
+
+			cfgToml, err := config.New(config.WithConfigFile(filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime", "config.toml")))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			cfg, err := cfgToml.Config()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Ensure that the config file has the required contents.
+			// TODO: Add checks for additional config options.
+			require.Equal(t, "/host/driver/root", cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Root)
+			require.Equal(t, "@/host/driver/root/sbin/ldconfig", string(cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Ldconfig))
+			require.EqualValues(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-cli"), cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Path)
+			require.EqualValues(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-ctk"), cfg.NVIDIACTKConfig.Path)
+
+			if len(tc.expectedCdiSpec) > 0 {
+				cdiSpecFile := filepath.Join(cdiOutputDir, "example.com-class.yaml")
+				require.FileExists(t, cdiSpecFile)
+				info, err := os.Stat(cdiSpecFile)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotZero(t, info.Mode()&0004)
+				contents, err := os.ReadFile(cdiSpecFile)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedCdiSpec, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(contents))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func requireWrappedExecutable(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedExecutable string) {
+	requireExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable)
+	requireExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable+".real")
+}
+
+func requireExecutable(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedExecutable string) {
+	executable := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable)
+	require.FileExists(t, executable)
+	info, err := os.Lstat(executable)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Zero(t, info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink)
+	require.NotZero(t, info.Mode()&0111)
+}
+
+func requireSymlink(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedLink string, expectedTarget string) {
+	link := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, expectedLink)
+	require.FileExists(t, link)
+	target, err := symlinks.Resolve(link)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, expectedTarget, target)
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/generate/generate.go

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	cdi "tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/platform-support/tegra/csv"
@@ -55,11 +57,15 @@ type options struct {
 
 	configSearchPaths  cli.StringSlice
 	librarySearchPaths cli.StringSlice
+	disabledHooks      cli.StringSlice
 
 	csv struct {
 		files          cli.StringSlice
 		ignorePatterns cli.StringSlice
 	}
+
+	// the following are used for dependency injection during spec generation.
+	nvmllib nvml.Interface
 }
 
 // NewCommand constructs a generate-cdi command with the specified logger
@@ -91,45 +97,55 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Name:        "config-search-path",
 			Usage:       "Specify the path to search for config files when discovering the entities that should be included in the CDI specification.",
 			Destination: &opts.configSearchPaths,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_CONFIG_SEARCH_PATHS"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "output",
 			Usage:       "Specify the file to output the generated CDI specification to. If this is '' the specification is output to STDOUT",
 			Destination: &opts.output,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_OUTPUT_FILE_PATH"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "format",
 			Usage:       "The output format for the generated spec [json | yaml]. This overrides the format defined by the output file extension (if specified).",
 			Value:       spec.FormatYAML,
 			Destination: &opts.format,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_OUTPUT_FORMAT"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "mode",
-			Aliases:     []string{"discovery-mode"},
-			Usage:       "The mode to use when discovering the available entities. One of [auto | nvml | wsl]. If mode is set to 'auto' the mode will be determined based on the system configuration.",
-			Value:       nvcdi.ModeAuto,
+			Name:    "mode",
+			Aliases: []string{"discovery-mode"},
+			Usage: "The mode to use when discovering the available entities. " +
+				"One of [" + strings.Join(nvcdi.AllModes[string](), " | ") + "]. " +
+				"If mode is set to 'auto' the mode will be determined based on the system configuration.",
+			Value:       string(nvcdi.ModeAuto),
 			Destination: &opts.mode,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_MODE"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "dev-root",
 			Usage:       "Specify the root where `/dev` is located. If this is not specified, the driver-root is assumed.",
 			Destination: &opts.devRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEV_ROOT"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
 			Name:        "device-name-strategy",
 			Usage:       "Specify the strategy for generating device names. If this is specified multiple times, the devices will be duplicated for each strategy. One of [index | uuid | type-index]",
 			Value:       cli.NewStringSlice(nvcdi.DeviceNameStrategyIndex, nvcdi.DeviceNameStrategyUUID),
 			Destination: &opts.deviceNameStrategies,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_DEVICE_NAME_STRATEGIES"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "driver-root",
 			Usage:       "Specify the NVIDIA GPU driver root to use when discovering the entities that should be included in the CDI specification.",
 			Destination: &opts.driverRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DRIVER_ROOT"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
 			Name:        "library-search-path",
 			Usage:       "Specify the path to search for libraries when discovering the entities that should be included in the CDI specification.\n\tNote: This option only applies to CSV mode.",
 			Destination: &opts.librarySearchPaths,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_LIBRARY_SEARCH_PATHS"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:    "nvidia-cdi-hook-path",
@@ -138,11 +154,13 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 				"If not specified, the PATH will be searched for `nvidia-cdi-hook`. " +
 				"NOTE: That if this is specified as `nvidia-ctk`, the PATH will be searched for `nvidia-ctk` instead.",
 			Destination: &opts.nvidiaCDIHookPath,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_HOOK_PATH"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "ldconfig-path",
 			Usage:       "Specify the path to use for ldconfig in the generated CDI specification",
 			Destination: &opts.ldconfigPath,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_LDCONFIG_PATH"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "vendor",
@@ -150,6 +168,7 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "the vendor string to use for the generated CDI specification.",
 			Value:       "nvidia.com",
 			Destination: &opts.vendor,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_VENDOR"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "class",
@@ -157,17 +176,30 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "the class string to use for the generated CDI specification.",
 			Value:       "gpu",
 			Destination: &opts.class,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_CLASS"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
 			Name:        "csv.file",
 			Usage:       "The path to the list of CSV files to use when generating the CDI specification in CSV mode.",
 			Value:       cli.NewStringSlice(csv.DefaultFileList()...),
 			Destination: &opts.csv.files,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_CSV_FILES"},
 		},
 		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
 			Name:        "csv.ignore-pattern",
-			Usage:       "Specify a pattern the CSV mount specifications.",
+			Usage:       "specify a pattern the CSV mount specifications.",
 			Destination: &opts.csv.ignorePatterns,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_CSV_IGNORE_PATTERNS"},
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:    "disable-hook",
+			Aliases: []string{"disable-hooks"},
+			Usage: "specify a specific hook to skip when generating CDI " +
+				"specifications. This can be specified multiple times and the " +
+				"special hook name 'all' can be used ensure that the generated " +
+				"CDI specification does not include any hooks.",
+			Destination: &opts.disabledHooks,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_GENERATE_DISABLED_HOOKS"},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -184,13 +216,7 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
 	}
 
 	opts.mode = strings.ToLower(opts.mode)
-	switch opts.mode {
-	case nvcdi.ModeAuto:
-	case nvcdi.ModeCSV:
-	case nvcdi.ModeNvml:
-	case nvcdi.ModeWsl:
-	case nvcdi.ModeManagement:
-	default:
+	if !nvcdi.IsValidMode(opts.mode) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid discovery mode: %v", opts.mode)
 	}
 
@@ -261,7 +287,7 @@ func (m command) generateSpec(opts *options) (spec.Interface, error) {
 		deviceNamers = append(deviceNamers, deviceNamer)
 	}
 
-	cdilib, err := nvcdi.New(
+	cdiOptions := []nvcdi.Option{
 		nvcdi.WithLogger(m.logger),
 		nvcdi.WithDriverRoot(opts.driverRoot),
 		nvcdi.WithDevRoot(opts.devRoot),
@@ -273,7 +299,15 @@ func (m command) generateSpec(opts *options) (spec.Interface, error) {
 		nvcdi.WithLibrarySearchPaths(opts.librarySearchPaths.Value()),
 		nvcdi.WithCSVFiles(opts.csv.files.Value()),
 		nvcdi.WithCSVIgnorePatterns(opts.csv.ignorePatterns.Value()),
-	)
+		// We set the following to allow for dependency injection:
+		nvcdi.WithNvmlLib(opts.nvmllib),
+	}
+
+	for _, hook := range opts.disabledHooks.Value() {
+		cdiOptions = append(cdiOptions, nvcdi.WithDisabledHook(hook))
+	}
+
+	cdilib, err := nvcdi.New(cdiOptions...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create CDI library: %v", err)
 	}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/generate/generate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package generate
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml/mock/dgxa100"
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestGenerateSpec(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	driverRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", "rootfs-1")
+
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description           string
+		options               options
+		expectedValidateError error
+		expectedOptions       options
+		expectedError         error
+		expectedSpec          string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "default",
+			options: options{
+				format:     "yaml",
+				mode:       "nvml",
+				vendor:     "example.com",
+				class:      "device",
+				driverRoot: driverRoot,
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+    - name: "0"
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    deviceNodes:
+        - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+          hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+    hooks:
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - create-symlinks
+            - --link
+            - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - enable-cuda-compat
+            - --host-driver-version=999.88.77
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - update-ldcache
+            - --folder
+            - /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - disable-device-node-modification
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "disableHooks1",
+			options: options{
+				format:        "yaml",
+				mode:          "nvml",
+				vendor:        "example.com",
+				class:         "device",
+				driverRoot:    driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks: valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("enable-cuda-compat")),
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks:     valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("enable-cuda-compat")),
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+    - name: "0"
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    deviceNodes:
+        - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+          hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+    hooks:
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - create-symlinks
+            - --link
+            - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - update-ldcache
+            - --folder
+            - /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - disable-device-node-modification
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "disableHooks2",
+			options: options{
+				format:        "yaml",
+				mode:          "nvml",
+				vendor:        "example.com",
+				class:         "device",
+				driverRoot:    driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks: valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("enable-cuda-compat", "update-ldcache")),
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks:     valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("enable-cuda-compat", "update-ldcache")),
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+    - name: "0"
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    deviceNodes:
+        - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+          hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+    hooks:
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - create-symlinks
+            - --link
+            - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+        - hookName: createContainer
+          path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+          args:
+            - nvidia-cdi-hook
+            - disable-device-node-modification
+          env:
+            - NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "disableHooksAll",
+			options: options{
+				format:        "yaml",
+				mode:          "nvml",
+				vendor:        "example.com",
+				class:         "device",
+				driverRoot:    driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks: valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("all")),
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+				disabledHooks:     valueOf(cli.NewStringSlice("all")),
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+    - name: "0"
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+    - name: all
+      containerEdits:
+        deviceNodes:
+            - path: /dev/nvidia0
+              hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+    env:
+        - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+    deviceNodes:
+        - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+          hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+    mounts:
+        - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+          options:
+            - ro
+            - nosuid
+            - nodev
+            - rbind
+            - rprivate
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := command{
+				logger: logger,
+			}
+
+			err := c.validateFlags(nil, &tc.options)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.expectedValidateError)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedOptions, tc.options)
+
+			// Set up a mock server, reusing the DGX A100 mock.
+			server := dgxa100.New()
+			// Override the driver version to match the version in our mock filesystem.
+			server.SystemGetDriverVersionFunc = func() (string, nvml.Return) {
+				return "999.88.77", nvml.SUCCESS
+			}
+			// Set the device count to 1 explicitly since we only have a single device node.
+			server.DeviceGetCountFunc = func() (int, nvml.Return) {
+				return 1, nvml.SUCCESS
+			}
+			for _, d := range server.Devices {
+				// TODO: This is not implemented in the mock.
+				(d.(*dgxa100.Device)).GetMaxMigDeviceCountFunc = func() (int, nvml.Return) {
+					return 0, nvml.SUCCESS
+				}
+			}
+			tc.options.nvmllib = server
+
+			spec, err := c.generateSpec(&tc.options)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.expectedError)
+
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			_, err = spec.WriteTo(&buf)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.Equal(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedSpec, "{{ .driverRoot }}", driverRoot), buf.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// valueOf returns the value of a pointer.
+// Note that this does not check for a nil pointer and is only used for testing.
+func valueOf[T any](v *T) T {
+	return *v
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/list/list.go

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "specify the directories to scan for CDI specifications",
 			Value:       cli.NewStringSlice(cdi.DefaultSpecDirs...),
 			Destination: &cfg.cdiSpecDirs,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_CDI_SPEC_DIRS"},
 		},
 	}
 

cmd/nvidia-ctk/config/config.go

@@ -194,7 +194,14 @@ func setFlagToKeyValue(setFlag string, setListSeparator string) (string, interfa
 	case reflect.String:
 		return key, value, nil
 	case reflect.Slice:
-		valueParts := strings.Split(value, setListSeparator)
+		valueParts := []string{value}
+		for _, sep := range []string{setListSeparator, ","} {
+			if !strings.Contains(value, sep) {
+				continue
+			}
+			valueParts = strings.Split(value, sep)
+			break
+		}
 		switch field.Elem().Kind() {
 		case reflect.String:
 			return key, valueParts, nil

cmd/nvidia-ctk/hook/hook.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ type hookCommand struct {
 	logger logger.Interface
 }
 
-// NewCommand constructs a hook command with the specified logger
+// NewCommand constructs CLI subcommand for handling CDI hooks.
 func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
 	c := hookCommand{
 		logger: logger,
@@ -37,10 +37,21 @@ func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
 
 // build
 func (m hookCommand) build() *cli.Command {
-	// Create the 'hook' command
+	// Create the 'hook' subcommand
 	hook := cli.Command{
 		Name:  "hook",
 		Usage: "A collection of hooks that may be injected into an OCI spec",
+		// We set the default action for the `hook` subcommand to issue a
+		// warning and exit with no error.
+		// This means that if an unsupported hook is run, a container will not fail
+		// to launch. An unsupported hook could be the result of a CDI specification
+		// referring to a new hook that is not yet supported by an older NVIDIA
+		// Container Toolkit version or a hook that has been removed in newer
+		// version.
+		Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+			commands.IssueUnsupportedHookWarning(m.logger, ctx)
+			return nil
+		},
 	}
 
 	hook.Subcommands = commands.New(m.logger)

cmd/nvidia-ctk/main.go

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	// Create the top-level CLI
 	c := cli.NewApp()
+	c.DisableSliceFlagSeparator = true
 	c.Name = "NVIDIA Container Toolkit CLI"
 	c.UseShortOptionHandling = true
 	c.EnableBashCompletion = true

cmd/nvidia-ctk/runtime/configure/configure.go

@@ -68,12 +68,11 @@ type config struct {
 	dryRun         bool
 	runtime        string
 	configFilePath string
+	executablePath string
 	configSource   string
 	mode           string
 	hookFilePath   string
 
-	runtimeConfigOverrideJSON string
-
 	nvidiaRuntime struct {
 		name         string
 		path         string
@@ -120,6 +119,11 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "path to the config file for the target runtime",
 			Destination: &config.configFilePath,
 		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "executable-path",
+			Usage:       "The path to the runtime executable. This is used to extract the current config",
+			Destination: &config.executablePath,
+		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "config-mode",
 			Usage:       "the config mode for runtimes that support multiple configuration mechanisms",
@@ -163,7 +167,7 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 		},
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
 			Name:        "cdi.enabled",
-			Aliases:     []string{"cdi.enable"},
+			Aliases:     []string{"cdi.enable", "enable-cdi"},
 			Usage:       "Enable CDI in the configured runtime",
 			Destination: &config.cdi.enabled,
 		},
@@ -208,9 +212,9 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
 		config.cdi.enabled = false
 	}
 
-	if config.runtimeConfigOverrideJSON != "" && config.runtime != "containerd" {
-		m.logger.Warningf("Ignoring runtime-config-override flag for %v", config.runtime)
-		config.runtimeConfigOverrideJSON = ""
+	if config.executablePath != "" && config.runtime == "docker" {
+		m.logger.Warningf("Ignoring executable-path=%q flag for %v", config.executablePath, config.runtime)
+		config.executablePath = ""
 	}
 
 	switch config.configSource {
@@ -292,9 +296,8 @@ func (m command) configureConfigFile(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to update config: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = enableCDI(config, cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable CDI in %s: %w", config.runtime, err)
+	if config.cdi.enabled {
+		cfg.EnableCDI()
 	}
 
 	outputPath := config.getOutputConfigPath()
@@ -331,9 +334,9 @@ func (c *config) resolveConfigSource() (toml.Loader, error) {
 func (c *config) getCommandConfigSource() toml.Loader {
 	switch c.runtime {
 	case "containerd":
-		return containerd.CommandLineSource("")
+		return containerd.CommandLineSource("", c.executablePath)
 	case "crio":
-		return crio.CommandLineSource("")
+		return crio.CommandLineSource("", c.executablePath)
 	}
 	return toml.Empty
 }
@@ -354,19 +357,3 @@ func (m *command) configureOCIHook(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-// enableCDI enables the use of CDI in the corresponding container engine
-func enableCDI(config *config, cfg engine.Interface) error {
-	if !config.cdi.enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-	switch config.runtime {
-	case "containerd":
-		cfg.Set("enable_cdi", true)
-	case "docker":
-		cfg.Set("features", map[string]bool{"cdi": true})
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("enabling CDI in %s is not supported", config.runtime)
-	}
-	return nil
-}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/system/create-dev-char-symlinks/create-dev-char-symlinks.go

@@ -19,12 +19,8 @@ package devchar
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"syscall"
 
-	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
@@ -44,7 +40,6 @@ type config struct {
 	devCharPath       string
 	driverRoot        string
 	dryRun            bool
-	watch             bool
 	createAll         bool
 	createDeviceNodes bool
 	loadKernelModules bool
@@ -89,13 +84,6 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Destination: &cfg.driverRoot,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_DRIVER_ROOT", "DRIVER_ROOT"},
 		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        "watch",
-			Usage:       "If set, the command will watch for changes to the driver root and recreate the symlinks when changes are detected.",
-			Value:       false,
-			Destination: &cfg.watch,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"WATCH"},
-		},
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
 			Name:        "create-all",
 			Usage:       "Create all possible /dev/char symlinks instead of limiting these to existing device nodes.",
@@ -127,7 +115,7 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 }
 
 func (m command) validateFlags(r *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	if cfg.createAll && cfg.watch {
+	if cfg.createAll {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create-all and watch are mutually exclusive")
 	}
 
@@ -145,19 +133,6 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(r *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
 }
 
 func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	var watcher *fsnotify.Watcher
-	var sigs chan os.Signal
-
-	if cfg.watch {
-		watcher, err := newFSWatcher(filepath.Join(cfg.driverRoot, "dev"))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create FS watcher: %v", err)
-		}
-		defer watcher.Close()
-
-		sigs = newOSWatcher(syscall.SIGHUP, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGQUIT)
-	}
-
 	l, err := NewSymlinkCreator(
 		WithLogger(m.logger),
 		WithDevCharPath(cfg.devCharPath),
@@ -171,47 +146,11 @@ func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create symlink creator: %v", err)
 	}
 
-create:
 	err = l.CreateLinks()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create links: %v", err)
 	}
-	if !cfg.watch {
-		return nil
-	}
-	for {
-		select {
-
-		case event := <-watcher.Events:
-			deviceNode := filepath.Base(event.Name)
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(deviceNode, "nvidia") {
-				continue
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Create {
-				m.logger.Infof("%s created, restarting.", event.Name)
-				goto create
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Remove {
-				m.logger.Infof("%s removed. Ignoring", event.Name)
-
-			}
-
-		// Watch for any other fs errors and log them.
-		case err := <-watcher.Errors:
-			m.logger.Errorf("inotify: %s", err)
-
-		// React to signals
-		case s := <-sigs:
-			switch s {
-			case syscall.SIGHUP:
-				m.logger.Infof("Received SIGHUP, recreating symlinks.")
-				goto create
-			default:
-				m.logger.Infof("Received signal %q, shutting down.", s)
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 type linkCreator struct {
@@ -399,27 +338,3 @@ type deviceNode struct {
 func (d deviceNode) devCharName() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", d.major, d.minor)
 }
-
-func newFSWatcher(files ...string) (*fsnotify.Watcher, error) {
-	watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for _, f := range files {
-		err = watcher.Add(f)
-		if err != nil {
-			watcher.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return watcher, nil
-}
-
-func newOSWatcher(sigs ...os.Signal) chan os.Signal {
-	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(sigChan, sigs...)
-
-	return sigChan
-}

deployments/container/Dockerfile.packaging

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 ARG GOLANG_VERSION=x.x.x
 
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.6.2-base-ubuntu20.04
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.9.0-base-ubuntu20.04
 
 ARG ARTIFACTS_ROOT
 COPY ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT} /artifacts/packages/

deployments/container/Dockerfile.ubi8

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ARG GOLANG_VERSION=x.x.x
 ARG VERSION="N/A"
 
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.6.2-base-ubi8 as build
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.9.0-base-ubi8 AS build
 
 RUN yum install -y \
     wget make git gcc \
@@ -36,19 +36,18 @@ RUN set -eux; \
     | tar -C /usr/local -xz
 
 
-ENV GOPATH /go
-ENV PATH $GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
+ENV GOPATH=/go
+ENV PATH=$GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
 
 WORKDIR /build
 COPY . .
 
-# NOTE: Until the config utilities are properly integrated into the
-# nvidia-container-toolkit repository, these are built from the `tools` folder
-# and not `cmd`.
-RUN GOPATH=/artifacts go install -ldflags="-s -w -X 'main.Version=${VERSION}'" ./tools/...
+RUN mkdir /artifacts
+ARG VERSION="N/A"
+ARG GIT_COMMIT="unknown"
+RUN make PREFIX=/artifacts cmd-nvidia-ctk-installer
 
-
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.6.2-base-ubi8
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.9.0-base-ubi8
 
 ENV NVIDIA_DISABLE_REQUIRE="true"
 ENV NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
@@ -62,7 +61,8 @@ WORKDIR /artifacts/packages
 
 ARG PACKAGE_VERSION
 ARG TARGETARCH
-ENV PACKAGE_ARCH ${TARGETARCH}
+ENV PACKAGE_ARCH=${TARGETARCH}
+
 RUN PACKAGE_ARCH=${PACKAGE_ARCH/amd64/x86_64} && PACKAGE_ARCH=${PACKAGE_ARCH/arm64/aarch64} && \
     yum localinstall -y \
     ${PACKAGE_DIST}/${PACKAGE_ARCH}/libnvidia-container1-1.*.rpm \
@@ -71,10 +71,12 @@ RUN PACKAGE_ARCH=${PACKAGE_ARCH/amd64/x86_64} && PACKAGE_ARCH=${PACKAGE_ARCH/arm
 
 WORKDIR /work
 
-COPY --from=build /artifacts/bin /work
+COPY --from=build /artifacts/nvidia-ctk-installer /work/nvidia-ctk-installer
+RUN ln -s nvidia-ctk-installer nvidia-toolkit
 
 ENV PATH=/work:$PATH
 
+ARG VERSION
 LABEL io.k8s.display-name="NVIDIA Container Runtime Config"
 LABEL name="NVIDIA Container Runtime Config"
 LABEL vendor="NVIDIA"
@@ -85,4 +87,4 @@ LABEL description="See summary"
 
 RUN mkdir /licenses && mv /NGC-DL-CONTAINER-LICENSE /licenses/NGC-DL-CONTAINER-LICENSE
 
-ENTRYPOINT ["/work/nvidia-toolkit"]
+ENTRYPOINT ["/work/nvidia-ctk-installer"]

deployments/container/Dockerfile.ubuntu

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ARG GOLANG_VERSION=x.x.x
 ARG VERSION="N/A"
 
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.6.2-base-ubuntu20.04 as build
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.9.0-base-ubuntu20.04 AS build
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y wget make git gcc \
@@ -35,19 +35,18 @@ RUN set -eux; \
     wget -nv -O - https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go${GOLANG_VERSION}.linux-${ARCH}.tar.gz \
     | tar -C /usr/local -xz
 
-ENV GOPATH /go
-ENV PATH $GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
+ENV GOPATH=/go
+ENV PATH=$GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
 
 WORKDIR /build
 COPY . .
 
-# NOTE: Until the config utilities are properly integrated into the
-# nvidia-container-toolkit repository, these are built from the `tools` folder
-# and not `cmd`.
-RUN GOPATH=/artifacts go install -ldflags="-s -w -X 'main.Version=${VERSION}'" ./tools/...
+RUN mkdir /artifacts
+ARG VERSION="N/A"
+ARG GIT_COMMIT="unknown"
+RUN make PREFIX=/artifacts cmd-nvidia-ctk-installer
 
-
-FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.6.2-base-ubuntu20.04
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.9.0-base-ubuntu20.04
 
 # Remove the CUDA repository configurations to avoid issues with rotated GPG keys
 RUN rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda.list
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ WORKDIR /artifacts/packages
 
 ARG PACKAGE_VERSION
 ARG TARGETARCH
-ENV PACKAGE_ARCH ${TARGETARCH}
+ENV PACKAGE_ARCH=${TARGETARCH}
 
 RUN dpkg -i \
     ${PACKAGE_DIST}/${PACKAGE_ARCH}/libnvidia-container1_1.*.deb \
@@ -80,10 +79,12 @@ RUN dpkg -i \
 
 WORKDIR /work
 
-COPY --from=build /artifacts/bin /work/
+COPY --from=build /artifacts/nvidia-ctk-installer /work/nvidia-ctk-installer
+RUN ln -s nvidia-ctk-installer nvidia-toolkit
 
 ENV PATH=/work:$PATH
 
+ARG VERSION
 LABEL io.k8s.display-name="NVIDIA Container Runtime Config"
 LABEL name="NVIDIA Container Runtime Config"
 LABEL vendor="NVIDIA"
@@ -94,4 +95,4 @@ LABEL description="See summary"
 
 RUN mkdir /licenses && mv /NGC-DL-CONTAINER-LICENSE /licenses/NGC-DL-CONTAINER-LICENSE
 
-ENTRYPOINT ["/work/nvidia-toolkit"]
+ENTRYPOINT ["/work/nvidia-ctk-installer"]

deployments/container/Makefile

@@ -27,12 +27,6 @@ DIST_DIR ?= $(CURDIR)/dist
 ##### Global variables #####
 include $(CURDIR)/versions.mk
 
-ifeq ($(IMAGE_NAME),)
-REGISTRY ?= nvidia
-IMAGE_NAME := $(REGISTRY)/container-toolkit
-endif
-
-VERSION ?= $(LIB_VERSION)$(if $(LIB_TAG),-$(LIB_TAG))
 IMAGE_VERSION := $(VERSION)
 
 IMAGE_TAG ?= $(VERSION)-$(DIST)
@@ -49,6 +43,7 @@ DISTRIBUTIONS := ubuntu20.04 ubi8
 
 META_TARGETS := packaging
 
+IMAGE_TARGETS := $(patsubst %,image-%,$(DISTRIBUTIONS) $(META_TARGETS))
 BUILD_TARGETS := $(patsubst %,build-%,$(DISTRIBUTIONS) $(META_TARGETS))
 PUSH_TARGETS := $(patsubst %,push-%,$(DISTRIBUTIONS) $(META_TARGETS))
 TEST_TARGETS := $(patsubst %,test-%,$(DISTRIBUTIONS))
@@ -89,7 +84,7 @@ build-%: DOCKERFILE = $(CURDIR)/deployments/container/Dockerfile.$(DOCKERFILE_SU
 ARTIFACTS_ROOT ?= $(shell realpath --relative-to=$(CURDIR) $(DIST_DIR))
 
 # Use a generic build target to build the relevant images
-$(BUILD_TARGETS): build-%: $(ARTIFACTS_ROOT)
+$(IMAGE_TARGETS): image-%: $(ARTIFACTS_ROOT)
 	DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 \
 		$(DOCKER) $(BUILDX) build --pull \
 		--provenance=false --sbom=false \
@@ -108,7 +103,6 @@ $(BUILD_TARGETS): build-%: $(ARTIFACTS_ROOT)
 		-f $(DOCKERFILE) \
 		$(CURDIR)
 
-
 build-ubuntu%: DOCKERFILE_SUFFIX := ubuntu
 build-ubuntu%: PACKAGE_DIST = ubuntu18.04
 
@@ -122,7 +116,13 @@ build-packaging: PACKAGE_DIST = all
 # Test targets
 test-%: DIST = $(*)
 
-TEST_CASES ?= toolkit docker crio containerd
+# Handle the default build target.
+.PHONY: build
+build: $(DEFAULT_PUSH_TARGET)
+$(DEFAULT_PUSH_TARGET): build-$(DEFAULT_PUSH_TARGET)
+$(DEFAULT_PUSH_TARGET): DIST = $(DEFAULT_PUSH_TARGET)
+
+TEST_CASES ?= docker crio containerd
 $(TEST_TARGETS): test-%:
 	TEST_CASES="$(TEST_CASES)" bash -x $(CURDIR)/test/container/main.sh run \
 		$(CURDIR)/shared-$(*) \

deployments/container/multi-arch.mk

@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ PUSH_ON_BUILD ?= false
 DOCKER_BUILD_OPTIONS = --output=type=image,push=$(PUSH_ON_BUILD)
 DOCKER_BUILD_PLATFORM_OPTIONS = --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64
 
-# We only generate amd64 image for ubuntu18.04
-build-ubuntu18.04: DOCKER_BUILD_PLATFORM_OPTIONS = --platform=linux/amd64
+$(BUILD_TARGETS): build-%: image-%
 
 # We only generate a single image for packaging targets
 build-packaging: DOCKER_BUILD_PLATFORM_OPTIONS = --platform=linux/amd64

deployments/container/native-only.mk

@@ -12,4 +12,22 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-DOCKER_BUILD_PLATFORM_OPTIONS = --platform=linux/amd64
+PUSH_ON_BUILD ?= false
+ARCH ?= $(shell uname -m)
+DOCKER_BUILD_PLATFORM_OPTIONS = --platform=linux/$(ARCH)
+
+ifeq ($(PUSH_ON_BUILD),true)
+DOCKER_BUILD_OPTIONS = --output=type=image,push=$(PUSH_ON_BUILD)
+$(BUILD_TARGETS): build-%: image-%
+	$(DOCKER) push "$(IMAGE)"
+else
+$(BUILD_TARGETS): build-%: image-%
+endif
+
+# For the default distribution we also retag the image.
+# Note: This needs to be updated for multi-arch images.
+ifeq ($(IMAGE_TAG),$(VERSION)-$(DIST))
+$(DEFAULT_PUSH_TARGET):
+	$(DOCKER) image inspect $(IMAGE) > /dev/null || $(DOCKER) pull $(IMAGE)
+	$(DOCKER) tag $(IMAGE) $(subst :$(IMAGE_TAG),:$(VERSION),$(IMAGE))
+endif

deployments/devel/Dockerfile

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 # This Dockerfile is also used to define the golang version used in this project
 # This allows dependabot to manage this version in addition to other images.
-FROM golang:1.23.2
+FROM golang:1.24.4
 
 WORKDIR /work
 COPY * .

deployments/devel/go.mod

@@ -1,60 +1,61 @@
 module github.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin/deployments/devel
 
-go 1.23
+go 1.24
 
-toolchain go1.23.1
+toolchain go1.24.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/golangci/golangci-lint v1.61.0
-	github.com/matryer/moq v0.5.0
+	github.com/golangci/golangci-lint v1.64.7
+	github.com/matryer/moq v0.5.3
 )
 
 require (
-	4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.2.1 // indirect
-	4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.3.4 // indirect
-	github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Antonboom/errname v0.1.13 // indirect
-	github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.4.3 // indirect
+	4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.3.0 // indirect
+	4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/errname v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c // indirect
-	github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Djarvur/go-err113 v0.0.0-20210108212216-aea10b59be24 // indirect
-	github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/OpenPeeDeeP/depguard/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.1.4 // indirect
-	github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/OpenPeeDeeP/depguard/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/alexkohler/prealloc v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/alingse/asasalint v0.0.11 // indirect
+	github.com/alingse/nilnesserr v0.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/ashanbrown/forbidigo v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bkielbasa/cyclop v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bkielbasa/cyclop v1.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/blizzy78/varnamelen v0.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/bombsimon/wsl/v4 v4.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/breml/bidichk v0.2.7 // indirect
-	github.com/breml/errchkjson v0.3.6 // indirect
-	github.com/butuzov/ireturn v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/butuzov/mirror v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/catenacyber/perfsprint v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bombsimon/wsl/v4 v4.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/breml/bidichk v0.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/breml/errchkjson v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/butuzov/ireturn v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/butuzov/mirror v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/catenacyber/perfsprint v0.8.2 // indirect
 	github.com/ccojocar/zxcvbn-go v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/charithe/durationcheck v0.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/chavacava/garif v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ckaznocha/intrange v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/curioswitch/go-reassign v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ckaznocha/intrange v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/curioswitch/go-reassign v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/daixiang0/gci v0.13.5 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/denis-tingaikin/go-header v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ettle/strcase v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fatih/structtag v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/firefart/nonamedreturns v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fzipp/gocyclo v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ghostiam/protogetter v0.3.6 // indirect
-	github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.11.4 // indirect
+	github.com/ghostiam/protogetter v0.3.9 // indirect
+	github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astcast v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astcopy v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astequal v1.2.0 // indirect
@@ -62,66 +63,68 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astp v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/strparse v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/typep v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/gobwas/glob v0.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
-	github.com/golangci/dupl v0.0.0-20180902072040-3e9179ac440a // indirect
-	github.com/golangci/gofmt v0.0.0-20240816233607-d8596aa466a9 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/dupl v0.0.0-20250308024227-f665c8d69b32 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/go-printf-func-name v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/gofmt v0.0.0-20250106114630-d62b90e6713d // indirect
 	github.com/golangci/misspell v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/golangci/modinfo v0.3.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golangci/plugin-module-register v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/golangci/revgrep v0.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/revgrep v0.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golangci/unconvert v0.0.0-20240309020433-c5143eacb3ed // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gordonklaus/ineffassign v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gostaticanalysis/analysisutil v0.7.1 // indirect
-	github.com/gostaticanalysis/comment v1.4.2 // indirect
-	github.com/gostaticanalysis/forcetypeassert v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gostaticanalysis/comment v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gostaticanalysis/forcetypeassert v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gostaticanalysis/nilerr v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hexops/gotextdiff v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jgautheron/goconst v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jingyugao/rowserrcheck v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/jirfag/go-printf-func-name v0.0.0-20200119135958-7558a9eaa5af // indirect
-	github.com/jjti/go-spancheck v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/julz/importas v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/karamaru-alpha/copyloopvar v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/kkHAIKE/contextcheck v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/jjti/go-spancheck v0.6.4 // indirect
+	github.com/julz/importas v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/karamaru-alpha/copyloopvar v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/kkHAIKE/contextcheck v1.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/kulti/thelper v0.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/kunwardeep/paralleltest v1.0.10 // indirect
-	github.com/kyoh86/exportloopref v0.1.11 // indirect
-	github.com/lasiar/canonicalheader v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/ldez/gomoddirectives v0.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/ldez/tagliatelle v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lasiar/canonicalheader v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/exptostd v0.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/gomoddirectives v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/grignotin v0.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/tagliatelle v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/usetesting v0.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/leonklingele/grouper v1.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/lufeee/execinquery v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/macabu/inamedparam v0.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6 // indirect
 	github.com/maratori/testableexamples v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/maratori/testpackage v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/matoous/godox v0.0.0-20230222163458-006bad1f9d26 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
+	github.com/matoous/godox v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.9 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
 	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mgechev/revive v1.3.9 // indirect
+	github.com/mgechev/revive v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moricho/tparallel v0.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/nakabonne/nestif v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/nishanths/exhaustive v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/nishanths/predeclared v0.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/nunnatsa/ginkgolinter v0.16.2 // indirect
+	github.com/nunnatsa/ginkgolinter v0.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/polyfloyd/go-errorlint v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/polyfloyd/go-errorlint v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1 // indirect
@@ -131,62 +134,64 @@ require (
 	github.com/quasilyte/gogrep v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/quasilyte/regex/syntax v0.0.0-20210819130434-b3f0c404a727 // indirect
 	github.com/quasilyte/stdinfo v0.0.0-20220114132959-f7386bf02567 // indirect
+	github.com/raeperd/recvcheck v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ryancurrah/gomodguard v1.3.5 // indirect
 	github.com/ryanrolds/sqlclosecheck v0.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/sanposhiho/wastedassign/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sanposhiho/wastedassign/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sashamelentyev/interfacebloat v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sashamelentyev/usestdlibvars v1.27.0 // indirect
-	github.com/securego/gosec/v2 v2.21.2 // indirect
-	github.com/shazow/go-diff v0.0.0-20160112020656-b6b7b6733b8c // indirect
+	github.com/sashamelentyev/usestdlibvars v1.28.0 // indirect
+	github.com/securego/gosec/v2 v2.22.2 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/sivchari/containedctx v1.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.10.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sonatard/noctx v0.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sonatard/noctx v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sourcegraph/go-diff v0.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/afero v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ssgreg/nlreturn/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/stbenjam/no-sprintf-host-port v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/stbenjam/no-sprintf-host-port v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/tdakkota/asciicheck v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/tetafro/godot v1.4.17 // indirect
-	github.com/timakin/bodyclose v0.0.0-20230421092635-574207250966 // indirect
-	github.com/timonwong/loggercheck v0.9.4 // indirect
-	github.com/tomarrell/wrapcheck/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tdakkota/asciicheck v0.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tetafro/godot v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/timakin/bodyclose v0.0.0-20241017074812-ed6a65f985e3 // indirect
+	github.com/timonwong/loggercheck v0.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tomarrell/wrapcheck/v2 v2.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tommy-muehle/go-mnd/v2 v2.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/ultraware/funlen v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ultraware/whitespace v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/uudashr/gocognit v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/ultraware/funlen v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ultraware/whitespace v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/uudashr/gocognit v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/uudashr/iface v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/xen0n/gosmopolitan v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/yagipy/maintidx v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/yeya24/promlinter v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ykadowak/zerologlint v0.1.5 // indirect
 	gitlab.com/bosi/decorder v0.4.2 // indirect
-	go-simpler.org/musttag v0.12.2 // indirect
-	go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.7.2 // indirect
+	go-simpler.org/musttag v0.13.0 // indirect
+	go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.9.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240904232852-e7e105dedf7e // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20240314144324-c7f7c6466f7f // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20250210185358-939b2ce775ac // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.31.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	honnef.co/go/tools v0.5.1 // indirect
+	honnef.co/go/tools v0.6.1 // indirect
 	mvdan.cc/gofumpt v0.7.0 // indirect
 	mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20240528143540-8a5130ca722f // indirect
 )

deployments/devel/go.sum

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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-4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.1/go.mod h1:KRE8wtJB3CXCsb1xy421JfTHIIbmT3U5ruxw2Qu8fSU=
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@@ -35,79 +35,82 @@ cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.6.0/go.mod h1:N7U0C8pVQ/+NIKOBQyamJIeKQKkZ+mxpohl
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@@ -115,13 +118,13 @@ github.com/chavacava/garif v0.1.0/go.mod h1:XMyYCkEL58DF0oyW4qDjjnPWONs2HBqYKI+U
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@@ -129,14 +132,16 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c
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@@ -147,10 +152,10 @@ github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4 h1:jRbGcIw6P2Meqdwuo0H1p6JVLbL5DHKAKlYndzMwV
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@@ -186,10 +191,10 @@ github.com/go-toolsmith/strparse v1.1.0 h1:GAioeZUK9TGxnLS+qfdqNbA4z0SSm5zVNtCQi
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@@ -224,20 +229,20 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaS
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@@ -254,8 +259,8 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.4/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/
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@@ -266,8 +271,8 @@ github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20200212024743-f11f1df84d12/go.mod h1:ZgVRPoUq/hf
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@@ -276,20 +281,27 @@ github.com/gordonklaus/ineffassign v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Qcp2HIAYhR7mNUVSIxZww3Guk4it
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@@ -301,10 +313,8 @@ github.com/jgautheron/goconst v1.7.1 h1:VpdAG7Ca7yvvJk5n8dMwQhfEZJh95kl/Hl9S1OI5
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 github.com/xen0n/gosmopolitan v1.2.2/go.mod h1:7XX7Mj61uLYrj0qmeN0zi7XDon9JRAEhYQqAPLVNTeg=
 github.com/yagipy/maintidx v1.0.0 h1:h5NvIsCz+nRDapQ0exNv4aJ0yXSI0420omVANTv3GJM=
@@ -564,10 +582,10 @@ gitlab.com/bosi/decorder v0.4.2 h1:qbQaV3zgwnBZ4zPMhGLW4KZe7A7NwxEhJx39R3shffo=
 gitlab.com/bosi/decorder v0.4.2/go.mod h1:muuhHoaJkA9QLcYHq4Mj8FJUwDZ+EirSHRiaTcTf6T8=
 go-simpler.org/assert v0.9.0 h1:PfpmcSvL7yAnWyChSjOz6Sp6m9j5lyK8Ok9pEL31YkQ=
 go-simpler.org/assert v0.9.0/go.mod h1:74Eqh5eI6vCK6Y5l3PI8ZYFXG4Sa+tkr70OIPJAUr28=
-go-simpler.org/musttag v0.12.2 h1:J7lRc2ysXOq7eM8rwaTYnNrHd5JwjppzB6mScysB2Cs=
-go-simpler.org/musttag v0.12.2/go.mod h1:uN1DVIasMTQKk6XSik7yrJoEysGtR2GRqvWnI9S7TYM=
-go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.7.2 h1:Wc9Em/Zeuu7JYpl+oKoYOsQSy2X560aVueCW/m6IijY=
-go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.7.2/go.mod h1:US+9C80ppl7VsThQclkM7BkCHQAzuz8kHLsW3ppuluo=
+go-simpler.org/musttag v0.13.0 h1:Q/YAW0AHvaoaIbsPj3bvEI5/QFP7w696IMUpnKXQfCE=
+go-simpler.org/musttag v0.13.0/go.mod h1:FTzIGeK6OkKlUDVpj0iQUXZLUO1Js9+mvykDQy9C5yM=
+go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.9.0 h1:/40NQtjRx9txvsB/RN022KsUJU+zaaSb/9q9BSefSrE=
+go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.9.0/go.mod h1:G/OrAF6uxj48sHahCzrbarVMptL2kjWTaUeC8+fOGww=
 go.opencensus.io v0.21.0/go.mod h1:mSImk1erAIZhrmZN+AvHh14ztQfjbGwt4TtuofqLduU=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.0/go.mod h1:+kGneAE2xo2IficOXnaByMWTGM9T73dGwxeWcUqIpI8=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.2/go.mod h1:yxeiOL68Rb0Xd1ddK5vPZ/oVn4vY4Ynel7k9FzqtOIw=
@@ -575,8 +593,8 @@ go.opencensus.io v0.22.3/go.mod h1:yxeiOL68Rb0Xd1ddK5vPZ/oVn4vY4Ynel7k9FzqtOIw=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.4/go.mod h1:yxeiOL68Rb0Xd1ddK5vPZ/oVn4vY4Ynel7k9FzqtOIw=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 h1:ADUqmZGgLDDfbSL9ZmPxKTybcoEYHgpYfELNoN+7hsw=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fEN4uk6kAWBTFdckzkM89CLk9XfWZrxpCo0nPH17wJc=
-go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 h1:kWazyxZUrS3Gs4qUpbwo5kEIMGe/DAvi5Z4tl2NW4j8=
-go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3/go.mod h1:eRbA25aqJrxAbsLO0xy5jVwPt7FQnRgjW+efnwa1WM0=
+go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 h1:O3y2/QNTOdbF+e/dpXNNW7Rx2hZ4sTIPyybbxyNqTUs=
+go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ifeIMSnPZuznNm6jmdzmU3/bfk01Fe2fotchwEFJ8r8=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.11 h1:wy28qYRKZgnJTxGxvye5/wgWr1EKjmUDGYox5mGlRlI=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.11/go.mod h1:cwTWslyiVhfpKIDGSZEM2HlOvcqm+tG4zioyIeLoqMQ=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 h1:y6IPFStTAIT5Ytl7/XYmHvzXQ7S3g/IeZW9hyZ5thw4=
@@ -590,7 +608,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190605123033-f99c8df09eb5/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8U
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RecgLatLF4+eUMCP1PoPZQb+cVrJcOPbHkTkbkB9sbw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliYc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.14.0/go.mod h1:MVFd36DqK4CsrnJYDkBA3VC4m2GkXAM0PvzMCn4JQf4=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190306152737-a1d7652674e8/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190510132918-efd6b22b2522/go.mod h1:ZjyILWgesfNpC6sMxTJOJm9Kp84zZh5NQWvqDGG3Qr8=
@@ -601,12 +620,12 @@ golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20191227195350-da58074b4299/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u0
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200119233911-0405dc783f0a/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u096TMicItID8zy7Y6sNkU49FU4=
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 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200224162631-6cc2880d07d6/go.mod h1:3jZMyOhIsHpP37uCMkUooju7aAi5cS1Q23tOzKc+0MU=
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-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240904232852-e7e105dedf7e/go.mod h1:akd2r19cwCdwSwWeIdzYQGa/EZZyqcOdwWiwj5L5eKQ=
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@@ -629,14 +648,15 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
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-golang.org/x/mod v0.5.1/go.mod h1:5OXOZSfqPIIbmVBIIKWRFfZjPR0E5r58TLhUjH0a2Ro=
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-golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0/go.mod h1:4mET923SAdbXp2ki8ey+zGs1SLqsuM2Y0uvdZR/fUNI=
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+golang.org/x/mod v0.9.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.13.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 h1:ZfthKaKaT4NrhGVZHO1/WDTwGES4De8KtWO0SIbNJMU=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0/go.mod h1:IXM97Txy2VM4PJ3gI61r1YEk/gAj6zAHN3AdZt6S9Ww=
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@@ -671,12 +691,14 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96b
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210525063256-abc453219eb5/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211015210444-4f30a5c0130f/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
-golang.org/x/net v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Cx3nUiGt4eDBEyega/BKRp+/AlGL8hYe7U9odMt2Cco=
 golang.org/x/net v0.2.0/go.mod h1:KqCZLdyyvdV855qA2rE3GC2aiw5xGR5TEjj8smXukLY=
-golang.org/x/net v0.5.0/go.mod h1:DivGGAXEgPSlEBzxGzZI+ZLohi+xUj054jfeKui00ws=
 golang.org/x/net v0.6.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
-golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
-golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
+golang.org/x/net v0.8.0/go.mod h1:QVkue5JL9kW//ek3r6jTKnTFis1tRmNAW2P1shuFdJc=
+golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
+golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
+golang.org/x/net v0.16.0/go.mod h1:NxSsAGuq816PNPmqtQdLE42eU2Fs7NoRIZrHJAlaCOE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.37.0 h1:1zLorHbz+LYj7MQlSf1+2tPIIgibq2eL5xkrGk6f+2c=
+golang.org/x/net v0.37.0/go.mod h1:ivrbrMbzFq5J41QOQh0siUuly180yBYtLp+CKbEaFx8=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
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@@ -696,8 +718,10 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201207232520-09787c993a3a/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 h1:3NFvSEYkUoMifnESzZl15y791HH1qU2xm6eCJU5ZPXQ=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.4.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 h1:MHc5BpPuC30uJk597Ri8TV3CNZcTLu6B6z4lJy+g6Jw=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181116152217-5ac8a444bdc5/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
@@ -731,7 +755,6 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200625212154-ddb9806d33ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200803210538-64077c9b5642/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210119212857-b64e53b001e4/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -745,20 +768,22 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220412211240-33da011f77ad/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.4.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.25.0 h1:r+8e+loiHxRqhXVl6ML1nO3l1+oFoWbnlu2Ehimmi34=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.25.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
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+golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
-golang.org/x/term v0.1.0/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/term v0.2.0/go.mod h1:TVmDHMZPmdnySmBfhjOoOdhjzdE1h4u1VwSiw2l1Nuc=
-golang.org/x/term v0.4.0/go.mod h1:9P2UbLfCdcvo3p/nzKvsmas4TnlujnuoV9hGgYzW1lQ=
 golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
+golang.org/x/term v0.6.0/go.mod h1:m6U89DPEgQRMq3DNkDClhWw02AUbt2daBVO4cn4Hv9U=
+golang.org/x/term v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xPskH00ivmX89bAKVGSKKtLOWNx2+17Eiy94tnKShWo=
+golang.org/x/term v0.12.0/go.mod h1:owVbMEjm3cBLCHdkQu9b1opXd4ETQWc3BhuQGKgXgvU=
+golang.org/x/term v0.13.0/go.mod h1:LTmsnFJwVN6bCy1rVCoS+qHT1HhALEFxKncY3WNNh4U=
 golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
@@ -767,10 +792,12 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.6.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.18.0 h1:XvMDiNzPAl0jr17s6W9lcaIhGUfUORdGCNsuLmPG224=
-golang.org/x/text v0.18.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
+golang.org/x/text v0.8.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 h1:bofq7m3/HAFvbF51jz3Q9wLg3jkvSPuiZu/pD1XwgtM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.22.0/go.mod h1:YRoo4H8PVmsu+E3Ou7cqLVH8oXWIHVoX0jqUWALQhfY=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20191024005414-555d28b269f0/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
@@ -780,7 +807,6 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190312151545-0bb0c0a6e846/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190312170243-e65039ee4138/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190321232350-e250d351ecad/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190425150028-36563e24a262/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190506145303-2d16b83fe98c/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190524140312-2c0ae7006135/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
@@ -788,10 +814,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190606124116-d0a3d012864b/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgw
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190621195816-6e04913cbbac/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgwSSTFct+R/Kf4OFW1sUzUTQQTgfc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190628153133-6cdbf07be9d0/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgwSSTFct+R/Kf4OFW1sUzUTQQTgfc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190816200558-6889da9d5479/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190910044552-dd2b5c81c578/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190911174233-4f2ddba30aff/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191012152004-8de300cfc20a/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191108193012-7d206e10da11/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191113191852-77e3bb0ad9e7/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191115202509-3a792d9c32b2/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
@@ -822,20 +846,19 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200804011535-6c149bb5ef0d/go.mod h1:njjCfa9FT2d7l9Bc
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200820010801-b793a1359eac/go.mod h1:njjCfa9FT2d7l9Bc6FUM5FLjQPp3cFF28FI3qnDFljA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200825202427-b303f430e36d/go.mod h1:njjCfa9FT2d7l9Bc6FUM5FLjQPp3cFF28FI3qnDFljA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20201023174141-c8cfbd0f21e6/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0/go.mod h1:xkSsbof2nBLbhDlRMhhhyNLN/zl3eTqcnHD5viDpcZ0=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.1-0.20210205202024-ef80cdb6ec6d/go.mod h1:9bzcO0MWcOuT0tm1iBGzDVPshzfwoVvREIui8C+MHqU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.1-0.20210302220138-2ac05c832e1a/go.mod h1:9bzcO0MWcOuT0tm1iBGzDVPshzfwoVvREIui8C+MHqU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.1/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.5/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.9/go.mod h1:nABZi5QlRsZVlzPpHl034qft6wpY4eDcsTt5AaioBiU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.10/go.mod h1:Uh6Zz+xoGYZom868N8YTex3t7RhtHDBrE8Gzo9bV56E=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.2.0/go.mod h1:y4OqIKeOV/fWJetJ8bXPU1sEVniLMIyDAZWeHdV+NTA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.3.0/go.mod h1:/rWhSS2+zyEVwoJf8YAX6L2f0ntZ7Kn/mGgAWcipA5k=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.5.0/go.mod h1:N+Kgy78s5I24c24dU8OfWNEotWjutIs8SnJvn5IDq+k=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0 h1:J1shsA93PJUEVaUSaay7UXAyE8aimq3GW0pjlolpa24=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0/go.mod h1:YhNqVBIfWHdzvTLs0d8LCuMhkKUgSUKldakyV7W/WDQ=
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+golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.14.0/go.mod h1:uYBEerGOWcJyEORxN+Ek8+TT266gXkNlHdJBwexUsBg=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.31.0 h1:0EedkvKDbh+qistFTd0Bcwe/YLh4vHwWEkiI0toFIBU=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.31.0/go.mod h1:naFTU+Cev749tSJRXJlna0T3WxKvb1kWEx15xA4SdmQ=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -915,8 +938,8 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.24.0/go.mod h1:r/3tXBNzIEhYS9I1OUVjXDlt8tc493IdKGj
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlbajtzgsN7c=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 h1:tPhr+woSbjfYvY6/GPufUoYizxw1cF/yFoxJ2fmpwlM=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -943,8 +966,8 @@ honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWh
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.3/go.mod h1:X/FiERA/W4tHapMX5mGpAtMSVEeEUOyHaw9vFzvIQ3k=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.4/go.mod h1:X/FiERA/W4tHapMX5mGpAtMSVEeEUOyHaw9vFzvIQ3k=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.5.1 h1:4bH5o3b5ZULQ4UrBmP+63W9r7qIkqJClEA9ko5YKx+I=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.5.1/go.mod h1:e9irvo83WDG9/irijV44wr3tbhcFeRnfpVlRqVwpzMs=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.6.1 h1:R094WgE8K4JirYjBaOpz/AvTyUu/3wbmAoskKN/pxTI=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.6.1/go.mod h1:3puzxxljPCe8RGJX7BIy1plGbxEOZni5mR2aXe3/uk4=
 mvdan.cc/gofumpt v0.7.0 h1:bg91ttqXmi9y2xawvkuMXyvAA/1ZGJqYAEGjXuP0JXU=
 mvdan.cc/gofumpt v0.7.0/go.mod h1:txVFJy/Sc/mvaycET54pV8SW8gWxTlUuGHVEcncmNUo=
 mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20240528143540-8a5130ca722f h1:lMpcwN6GxNbWtbpI1+xzFLSW8XzX0u72NttUGVFjO3U=

deployments/systemd/nvidia-cdi-refresh.path

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+[Unit]
+Description=Trigger CDI refresh on NVIDIA driver install / uninstall events
+
+[Path]
+PathChanged=/lib/modules/%v/modules.dep
+PathChanged=/lib/modules/%v/modules.dep.bin
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target

deployments/systemd/nvidia-cdi-refresh.service

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+[Unit]
+Description=Refresh NVIDIA CDI specification file
+ConditionPathExists=/usr/bin/nvidia-smi
+ConditionPathExists=/usr/bin/nvidia-ctk
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+EnvironmentFile=-/etc/nvidia-container-toolkit/cdi-refresh.env
+ExecCondition=/usr/bin/grep -qE '/nvidia.ko' /lib/modules/%v/modules.dep
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/nvidia-ctk cdi generate --output=/var/run/cdi/nvidia.yaml
+CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_SYS_MODULE CAP_SYS_ADMIN CAP_MKNOD
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target

docker/Dockerfile.debian

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ RUN make PREFIX=${DIST_DIR} cmds
 
 WORKDIR $DIST_DIR
 COPY packaging/debian ./debian
+COPY deployments/systemd/ .
 
 ARG LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION
 ENV LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION ${LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION}

docker/Dockerfile.opensuse-leap

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ RUN make PREFIX=${DIST_DIR} cmds
 
 WORKDIR $DIST_DIR/..
 COPY packaging/rpm .
+COPY deployments/systemd/ .
 
 ARG LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION
 ENV LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION ${LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION}

docker/Dockerfile.rpm-yum

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ RUN make PREFIX=${DIST_DIR} cmds
 
 WORKDIR $DIST_DIR/..
 COPY packaging/rpm .
+COPY deployments/systemd/ ${DIST_DIR}/
 
 ARG LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION
 ENV LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION ${LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION}

docker/Dockerfile.ubuntu

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ RUN make PREFIX=${DIST_DIR} cmds
 
 WORKDIR $DIST_DIR
 COPY packaging/debian ./debian
+COPY deployments/systemd/ .
 
 ARG LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION
 ENV LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION ${LIBNVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLS_VERSION}

docker/docker.mk

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 # Supported OSs by architecture
-AMD64_TARGETS := ubuntu20.04 ubuntu18.04 ubuntu16.04 debian10 debian9
+AMD64_TARGETS := ubuntu22.04 ubuntu20.04 ubuntu18.04 ubuntu16.04 debian10 debian9
 X86_64_TARGETS := centos7 centos8 rhel7 rhel8 amazonlinux2 opensuse-leap15.1
 PPC64LE_TARGETS := ubuntu18.04 ubuntu16.04 centos7 centos8 rhel7 rhel8
-ARM64_TARGETS := ubuntu20.04 ubuntu18.04
+ARM64_TARGETS := ubuntu22.04 ubuntu20.04 ubuntu18.04
 AARCH64_TARGETS := centos7 centos8 rhel8 amazonlinux2
 
 # Define top-level build targets

go.mod

@@ -1,38 +1,40 @@
 module github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit
 
-go 1.20
+go 1.23.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.6.1
-	github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.4-0
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0
+	github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.3
+	github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.9-0
+	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1
+	github.com/moby/sys/reexec v0.1.0
 	github.com/moby/sys/symlink v0.3.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.0
+	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.3.0
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
-	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.4
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.26.0
-	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v0.8.0
-	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v0.8.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
+	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.7
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.25.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0
+	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v1.0.1
+	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v1.0.0
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools v0.9.1-0.20221107090550-2e043c6bd626 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
 	github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
-github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.6.1 h1:0/5FvaKvDJoJeJ+LFlh+NDQMxMlVw9wOXrOVrGXttfE=
-github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.6.1/go.mod h1:9UrsLGx/q1OrENygXjOuM5Ey5KCtiZhbvBlbUIxtGWY=
-github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.4-0 h1:4tkbB3pT1O77JGr0gQ6uD8FrsUPqP1A/EOEm2wI1TUg=
-github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.4-0/go.mod h1:8Llmj+1Rr+9VGGwZuRer5N/aCjxGuR5nPb/9ebBiIEQ=
+github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.3 h1:kXc8PkWUlrwedSpM4fR8xT/DAq1NKy8HqhpgteFcGAw=
+github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.3/go.mod h1:i95Je7GinMy/+BDs++DAdbPmT2TubjNP8i8joC7DD7I=
+github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.9-0 h1:e344UK8ZkeMeeLkdQtRhmXRxNf+u532LDZPGMtkdus0=
+github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.9-0/go.mod h1:+KNA7c7gIBH7SKSJ1ntlwkfN80zdx8ovl4hrK3LmPt4=
 github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0 h1:1PFHFE6yCCTv8C1TeyNNarDzntLi7wMI5i/pzqYIsAM=
 github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0/go.mod h1:IbckMUScFkM3pff0VJDNKRiT6TG/YpiHIM2yvyW5YoQ=
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4 h1:wfIWP927BUkWJb2NmU/kNDYIBTh/ziUX91+lVfRxZq4=
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 h1:zbFlGlXEAKlwXpmvle3d8Oe3YnkKIK4xSRTd3sHPnBo=
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6NIQQ7OS05n1F4g=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
+github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1 h1:JyxxyPEaktOD+GAnqIqTf9A8tHyAG22rowi7HkoSU1s=
+github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1/go.mod h1:Sdj7gXlvMcPZsbhwhQ33GguGLDGQL7h7bg04C/+u9jI=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 h1:8JEhPFa5W2WU7YfeZzPNqzMP6Lwt7L2715Ggo0nosvA=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:40Bi/Hjc2AVfZrqy+aj+yEI+/bRxZnMJyTJwOpGvigM=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 h1:O2Tfq5qg4qc4AmwVlvv0oLiVAGB7enBSJ2x2DqQFi38=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
@@ -28,24 +32,29 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/mndrix/tap-go v0.0.0-20171203230836-629fa407e90b/go.mod h1:pzzDgJWZ34fGzaAZGFW22KVZDfyrYW+QABMrWnJBnSs=
+github.com/moby/sys/reexec v0.1.0 h1:RrBi8e0EBTLEgfruBOFcxtElzRGTEUkeIFaVXgU7wok=
+github.com/moby/sys/reexec v0.1.0/go.mod h1:EqjBg8F3X7iZe5pU6nRZnYCMUTXoxsjiIfHup5wYIN8=
 github.com/moby/sys/symlink v0.3.0 h1:GZX89mEZ9u53f97npBy4Rc3vJKj7JBDj/PN2I22GrNU=
 github.com/moby/sys/symlink v0.3.0/go.mod h1:3eNdhduHmYPcgsJtZXW1W4XUJdZGBIkttZ8xKqPUJq0=
 github.com/mrunalp/fileutils v0.5.0/go.mod h1:M1WthSahJixYnrXQl/DFQuteStB1weuxD2QJNHXfbSQ=
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.3.0 h1:cvP7xbEvD0QQAs0nZKLzkVog2OPZhI/V2w3WmTmUSXI=
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.3.0/go.mod h1:9wbWt42gV+KRxKRVVugNP6D5+PQciRbenB4fLVsqGPs=
 github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.3-0.20220825212826-86290f6a00fb/go.mod h1:jwyrGlmzljRJv/Fgzds9SsS/C5hL+LL3ko9hs6T5lQ0=
-github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.0 h1:z97+pHb3uELt/yiAWD691HNHQIF07bE7dzrbT927iTk=
-github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.0/go.mod h1:jwyrGlmzljRJv/Fgzds9SsS/C5hL+LL3ko9hs6T5lQ0=
+github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1 h1:S4k4ryNgEpxW1dzyqffOmhI1BHYcjzU8lpJfSlR0xww=
+github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1/go.mod h1:jwyrGlmzljRJv/Fgzds9SsS/C5hL+LL3ko9hs6T5lQ0=
 github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools v0.9.1-0.20221107090550-2e043c6bd626 h1:DmNGcqH3WDbV5k8OJ+esPWbqUOX5rMLR2PMvziDMJi0=
 github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools v0.9.1-0.20221107090550-2e043c6bd626/go.mod h1:BRHJJd0E+cx42OybVYSgUvZmU0B8P9gZuRXlZUP7TKI=
 github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.9.1/go.mod h1:2i0OySw99QjzBBQByd1Gr9gSjvuho1lHsJxIJ3gGbJI=
-github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.11.0 h1:+5Zbo97w3Lbmb3PeqQtpmTkMwsW5nRI3YaLpt7tQ7oU=
-github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.11.0/go.mod h1:E5dMC3VPuVvVHDYmi78qvhJp8+M586T4DlDRYpFkyec=
+github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.11.1 h1:nHFvthhM0qY8/m+vfhJylliSshm8G1jJ2jDMcgULaH8=
+github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.11.1/go.mod h1:E5dMC3VPuVvVHDYmi78qvhJp8+M586T4DlDRYpFkyec=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 h1:4yBQzkHv+7BHq2PQUZF3Mx0IYxG7LsP222s7Agd3ve8=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5/go.mod h1:u1nR/EPcESfeI/szUZKdtJ0xRNbUoANCkoOuaOx1Y+c=
 github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 h1:73kH8U+JUqXU8lRuOHeVHaa/SZPifC7BkcraZVejAe8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 h1:cWPaGQEPrBb5/AsnsZesgZZ9yb1OQ+GOISoDNXVBh4M=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0/go.mod h1:ddIwULY96R17DhadqLgMfk9H9tvdUzkipdSkR5nkCZA=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 h1:JIOH55/0cWyOuilr9/qlrm0BSXldqnqwMsf35Ld67mk=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1/go.mod h1:yWOB1SBYBC5VeMP7gHvWumXLIWorT60ONWic61uBYv0=
@@ -55,13 +64,13 @@ github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXfy6kDkUVs=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 h1:Xv5erBjTwe/5IxqUQTdXv5kgmIvbHo3QQyRwhJsOfJA=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635 h1:kdXcSzyDtseVEc4yCz2qF8ZrQvIDBJLl4S1c3GCXmoI=
 github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635/go.mod h1:hkRG7XYTFWNJGYcbNJQlaLq0fg1yr4J4t/NcTQtrfww=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.19.1/go.mod h1:70zkFmudgCuE/ngEzBv17Jvp/497gISqfk5gWijbERA=
-github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.4 h1:o1owoI+02Eb+K107p27wEX9Bb8eqIoZCfLXloLUSWJ8=
-github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.4/go.mod h1:m4QzxcD2qpra4z7WhzEGn74WZLViBnMpb1ToCAKdGRQ=
+github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.7 h1:bH59vdhbjLv3LAvIu6gd0usJHgoTTPhCFib8qqOwXYU=
+github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.7/go.mod h1:CyNAG/xg+iAOg0N4MPGZqVmv2rCoP267496AOXUZjA4=
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20180127040702-4e3ac2762d5f/go.mod h1:N2zxlSyiKSe5eX1tZViRH5QA0qijqEDrYZiPEAiq3wU=
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb h1:zGWFAtiMcyryUHoUjUJX0/lt1H2+i2Ka2n+D3DImSNo=
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb/go.mod h1:N2zxlSyiKSe5eX1tZViRH5QA0qijqEDrYZiPEAiq3wU=
@@ -71,24 +80,23 @@ github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 h1:LhYJRs+L4fBtjZUfuSZIKGeVu0QRy8e5Xi7D17
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0/go.mod h1:anYRn/JVcOK2ZgGU+IjEV4nwlhoK5sQluxsYJ78Id3Y=
 github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1 h1:gEOO8jv9F4OT7lGCjxCBTO/36wtF6j2nSip77qHd4x4=
 github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1/go.mod h1:Ohn+xnUBiLI6FVj/9LpzZWtj1/D6lUovWYBkxHVV3aM=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0 h1:utOm6MM3R3dnawAiJgn0y+xvuYRsm1RKM/4giyfDgV0=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.25.0 h1:n7a+ZbQKQA/Ysbyb0/6IbB1H/X41mKgbhfv7AfG/44w=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.25.0/go.mod h1:IXM97Txy2VM4PJ3gI61r1YEk/gAj6zAHN3AdZt6S9Ww=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191026070338-33540a1f6037/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191115151921-52ab43148777/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.26.0 h1:KHjCJyddX0LoSTb3J+vWpupP9p0oznkqVk/IfjymZbo=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.26.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 h1:q3i8TbbEz+JRD9ywIRlyRAQbM0qF7hu24q3teo2hbuw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0 h1:a2VclLzOGrwOHDiV8EfBGhvjHvP46CtW5j6POvhYGGo=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0/go.mod h1:GeOyir5tyXNByN85N/dRIT9es5UQNerPYEKK56eTBm8=
-tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v0.8.0 h1:8bCFo/g9WODjWx3m6EYl3GfUG31eKJbaggyBDxEldRc=
-tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v0.8.0/go.mod h1:Apb7N4VdILW0EVdEMRYXIDVRZfNJZ+kmEUss2kRRQ6Y=
-tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v0.8.0 h1:QYGFzGxvYK/ZLMrjhvY0RjpUavIn4KcmRmVP/JjdBTA=
-tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v0.8.0/go.mod h1:BhJIkjjPh4qpys+qm4DAYtUyryaTDg9zris+AczXyws=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 h1:Mk1wCc2gy/F0THH0TAp1QYyJNzRm2KCLy3o5ASXVI5E=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:Ejl7/uTz7PSA4eKMyQCUTnhZYNmLIl+5c2lQPGR2BPY=
+tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v1.0.1 h1:KqQDr4vIlxwfYh0Ed/uJGVgX+CHAkahrgabg6Q8GYxc=
+tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v1.0.1/go.mod h1:JojJIOeW3hNbcnOH2q0NrWNha/JuHoDZcmYxAZwb2i0=
+tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v1.0.0 h1:8gLw29hH1ZQP9K1YtAzpvkHCjjyIxHZYzBAvlQ+0vD8=
+tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v1.0.0/go.mod h1:u86hoFWqnh3hWz3esofRFKbI261bUlvUfLKGrDhJkgQ=

internal/config/cli.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -34,29 +35,62 @@ type ContainerCLIConfig struct {
 	NoPivot   bool   `toml:"no-pivot,omitempty"`
 	NoCgroups bool   `toml:"no-cgroups"`
 	User      string `toml:"user"`
-	Ldconfig  string `toml:"ldconfig"`
+	// Ldconfig represents the path to the ldconfig binary to be used to update
+	// the ldcache in a container as it is being created.
+	// If this path starts with a '@' the path is relative to the host and if
+	// not it is treated as a container path.
+	//
+	// Note that the use of container paths are disabled by default and if this
+	// is required, the features.allow-ldconfig-from-container feature gate must
+	// be enabled explicitly.
+	Ldconfig ldconfigPath `toml:"ldconfig"`
 }
 
 // NormalizeLDConfigPath returns the resolved path of the configured LDConfig binary.
 // This is only done for host LDConfigs and is required to handle systems where
 // /sbin/ldconfig is a wrapper around /sbin/ldconfig.real.
 func (c *ContainerCLIConfig) NormalizeLDConfigPath() string {
-	return NormalizeLDConfigPath(c.Ldconfig)
+	return string(c.Ldconfig.normalize())
+}
+
+// An ldconfigPath is used to represent the path to ldconfig.
+type ldconfigPath string
+
+func (p ldconfigPath) assertValid(allowContainerRelativePath bool) error {
+	if p.isHostRelative() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if allowContainerRelativePath {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("nvidia-container-cli.ldconfig value %q is not host-relative (does not start with a '@')", p)
+}
+
+func (p ldconfigPath) isHostRelative() bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(string(p), "@")
+}
+
+// normalize returns the resolved path of the configured LDConfig binary.
+// This is only done for host LDConfigs and is required to handle systems where
+// /sbin/ldconfig is a wrapper around /sbin/ldconfig.real.
+func (p ldconfigPath) normalize() ldconfigPath {
+	if !p.isHostRelative() {
+		return p
+	}
+
+	path := string(p)
+	trimmedPath := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(path, "@"), ".real")
+	// If the .real path exists, we return that.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(trimmedPath + ".real"); err == nil {
+		return ldconfigPath("@" + trimmedPath + ".real")
+	}
+	// If the .real path does not exists (or cannot be read) we return the non-.real path.
+	return ldconfigPath("@" + trimmedPath)
 }
 
 // NormalizeLDConfigPath returns the resolved path of the configured LDConfig binary.
 // This is only done for host LDConfigs and is required to handle systems where
 // /sbin/ldconfig is a wrapper around /sbin/ldconfig.real.
 func NormalizeLDConfigPath(path string) string {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "@") {
-		return path
-	}
-
-	trimmedPath := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(path, "@"), ".real")
-	// If the .real path exists, we return that.
-	if _, err := os.Stat(trimmedPath + ".real"); err == nil {
-		return "@" + trimmedPath + ".real"
-	}
-	// If the .real path does not exists (or cannot be read) we return the non-.real path.
-	return "@" + trimmedPath
+	return string(ldconfigPath(path).normalize())
 }

internal/config/cli_test.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func TestNormalizeLDConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testCases := []struct {
 		description string
-		ldconfig    string
+		ldconfig    ldconfigPath
 		expected    string
 	}{
 		{
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ func TestNormalizeLDConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			description: "host .real file exists is returned",
-			ldconfig:    "@" + filepath.Join(testDir, "exists.real"),
+			ldconfig:    ldconfigPath("@" + filepath.Join(testDir, "exists.real")),
 			expected:    "@" + filepath.Join(testDir, "exists.real"),
 		},
 		{
 			description: "host resolves .real file",
-			ldconfig:    "@" + filepath.Join(testDir, "exists"),
+			ldconfig:    ldconfigPath("@" + filepath.Join(testDir, "exists")),
 			expected:    "@" + filepath.Join(testDir, "exists.real"),
 		},
 		{

internal/config/config.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package config
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"errors"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -51,6 +52,8 @@ var (
 	NVIDIAContainerToolkitExecutable = "nvidia-container-toolkit"
 )
 
+var errInvalidConfig = errors.New("invalid config value")
+
 // Config represents the contents of the config.toml file for the NVIDIA Container Toolkit
 // Note: This is currently duplicated by the HookConfig in cmd/nvidia-container-toolkit/hook_config.go
 type Config struct {
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ func GetDefault() (*Config, error) {
 		NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig: RuntimeConfig{
 			DebugFilePath: "/dev/null",
 			LogLevel:      "info",
-			Runtimes:      []string{"docker-runc", "runc", "crun"},
+			Runtimes:      []string{"runc", "crun"},
 			Mode:          "auto",
 			Modes: modesConfig{
 				CSV: csvModeConfig{
@@ -118,6 +121,9 @@ func GetDefault() (*Config, error) {
 					AnnotationPrefixes: []string{cdi.AnnotationPrefix},
 					SpecDirs:           cdi.DefaultSpecDirs,
 				},
+				Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
+					CUDACompatMode: defaultCUDACompatMode,
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookConfig: RuntimeHookConfig{
@@ -127,8 +133,20 @@ func GetDefault() (*Config, error) {
 	return &d, nil
 }
 
-func getLdConfigPath() string {
-	return NormalizeLDConfigPath("@/sbin/ldconfig")
+// assertValid checks for a valid config.
+func (c *Config) assertValid() error {
+	err := c.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Ldconfig.assertValid(c.Features.AllowLDConfigFromContainer.IsEnabled())
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Join(err, errInvalidConfig)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getLdConfigPath allows us to override this function for testing.
+var getLdConfigPath = getLdConfigPathStub
+
+func getLdConfigPathStub() ldconfigPath {
+	return ldconfigPath("@/sbin/ldconfig").normalize()
 }
 
 func getUserGroup() string {

internal/config/config_test.go

@@ -44,28 +44,26 @@ func TestGetConfigWithCustomConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
-		description     string
-		contents        []string
-		expectedError   error
-		inspectLdconfig bool
-		distIdsLike     []string
-		expectedConfig  *Config
+		description    string
+		contents       []string
+		expectedError  error
+		distIdsLike    []string
+		expectedConfig *Config
 	}{
 		{
-			description:     "empty config is default",
-			inspectLdconfig: true,
+			description: "empty config is default",
 			expectedConfig: &Config{
 				AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged:    true,
 				SupportedDriverCapabilities: "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video",
 				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
 					Root:      "",
 					LoadKmods: true,
-					Ldconfig:  "WAS_CHECKED",
+					Ldconfig:  "@/test/ld/config/path",
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig: RuntimeConfig{
 					DebugFilePath: "/dev/null",
 					LogLevel:      "info",
-					Runtimes:      []string{"docker-runc", "runc", "crun"},
+					Runtimes:      []string{"runc", "crun"},
 					Mode:          "auto",
 					Modes: modesConfig{
 						CSV: csvModeConfig{
@@ -76,6 +74,9 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 							AnnotationPrefixes: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/"},
 							SpecDirs:           []string{"/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"},
 						},
+						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
+							CUDACompatMode: "ldconfig",
+						},
 					},
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookConfig: RuntimeHookConfig{
@@ -93,8 +94,9 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"supported-driver-capabilities = \"compute,utility\"",
 				"nvidia-container-cli.root = \"/bar/baz\"",
 				"nvidia-container-cli.load-kmods = false",
-				"nvidia-container-cli.ldconfig = \"/foo/bar/ldconfig\"",
+				"nvidia-container-cli.ldconfig = \"@/foo/bar/ldconfig\"",
 				"nvidia-container-cli.user = \"foo:bar\"",
+				"nvidia-container-cli.cuda-compat-mode = \"mount\"",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.debug = \"/foo/bar\"",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.discover-mode = \"not-legacy\"",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.log-level = \"debug\"",
@@ -104,6 +106,7 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi.annotation-prefixes = [\"cdi.k8s.io/\", \"example.vendor.com/\",]",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi.spec-dirs = [\"/except/etc/cdi\", \"/not/var/run/cdi\",]",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv.mount-spec-path = \"/not/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d\"",
+				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy.cuda-compat-mode = \"mount\"",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime-hook.path = \"/foo/bar/nvidia-container-runtime-hook\"",
 				"nvidia-ctk.path = \"/foo/bar/nvidia-ctk\"",
 			},
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
 					Root:      "/bar/baz",
 					LoadKmods: false,
-					Ldconfig:  "/foo/bar/ldconfig",
+					Ldconfig:  "@/foo/bar/ldconfig",
 					User:      "foo:bar",
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig: RuntimeConfig{
@@ -136,6 +139,9 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 								"/not/var/run/cdi",
 							},
 						},
+						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
+							CUDACompatMode: "mount",
+						},
 					},
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookConfig: RuntimeHookConfig{
@@ -146,6 +152,56 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			description: "feature allows ldconfig to be overridden",
+			contents: []string{
+				"[nvidia-container-cli]",
+				"ldconfig = \"/foo/bar/ldconfig\"",
+				"[features]",
+				"allow-ldconfig-from-container = true",
+			},
+			expectedConfig: &Config{
+				AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged:    true,
+				SupportedDriverCapabilities: "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video",
+				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
+					Ldconfig:  "/foo/bar/ldconfig",
+					LoadKmods: true,
+				},
+				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig: RuntimeConfig{
+					DebugFilePath: "/dev/null",
+					LogLevel:      "info",
+					Runtimes:      []string{"runc", "crun"},
+					Mode:          "auto",
+					Modes: modesConfig{
+						CSV: csvModeConfig{
+							MountSpecPath: "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d",
+						},
+						CDI: cdiModeConfig{
+							DefaultKind: "nvidia.com/gpu",
+							AnnotationPrefixes: []string{
+								"cdi.k8s.io/",
+							},
+							SpecDirs: []string{
+								"/etc/cdi",
+								"/var/run/cdi",
+							},
+						},
+						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
+							CUDACompatMode: "ldconfig",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookConfig: RuntimeHookConfig{
+					Path: "nvidia-container-runtime-hook",
+				},
+				NVIDIACTKConfig: CTKConfig{
+					Path: "nvidia-ctk",
+				},
+				Features: features{
+					AllowLDConfigFromContainer: ptr(feature(true)),
+				},
+			},
+		},
 		{
 			description: "config options set in section",
 			contents: []string{
@@ -154,7 +210,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"[nvidia-container-cli]",
 				"root = \"/bar/baz\"",
 				"load-kmods = false",
-				"ldconfig = \"/foo/bar/ldconfig\"",
+				"ldconfig = \"@/foo/bar/ldconfig\"",
+				"cuda-compat-mode = \"mount\"",
 				"user = \"foo:bar\"",
 				"[nvidia-container-runtime]",
 				"debug = \"/foo/bar\"",
@@ -168,6 +225,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"spec-dirs = [\"/except/etc/cdi\", \"/not/var/run/cdi\",]",
 				"[nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]",
 				"mount-spec-path = \"/not/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d\"",
+				"[nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]",
+				"cuda-compat-mode = \"mount\"",
 				"[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]",
 				"path = \"/foo/bar/nvidia-container-runtime-hook\"",
 				"[nvidia-ctk]",
@@ -179,7 +238,7 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
 					Root:      "/bar/baz",
 					LoadKmods: false,
-					Ldconfig:  "/foo/bar/ldconfig",
+					Ldconfig:  "@/foo/bar/ldconfig",
 					User:      "foo:bar",
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig: RuntimeConfig{
@@ -202,6 +261,9 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 								"/not/var/run/cdi",
 							},
 						},
+						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
+							CUDACompatMode: "mount",
+						},
 					},
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookConfig: RuntimeHookConfig{
@@ -213,22 +275,21 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			description:     "suse config",
-			distIdsLike:     []string{"suse", "opensuse"},
-			inspectLdconfig: true,
+			description: "suse config",
+			distIdsLike: []string{"suse", "opensuse"},
 			expectedConfig: &Config{
 				AcceptEnvvarUnprivileged:    true,
 				SupportedDriverCapabilities: "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video",
 				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
 					Root:      "",
 					LoadKmods: true,
-					Ldconfig:  "WAS_CHECKED",
+					Ldconfig:  "@/test/ld/config/path",
 					User:      "root:video",
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig: RuntimeConfig{
 					DebugFilePath: "/dev/null",
 					LogLevel:      "info",
-					Runtimes:      []string{"docker-runc", "runc", "crun"},
+					Runtimes:      []string{"runc", "crun"},
 					Mode:          "auto",
 					Modes: modesConfig{
 						CSV: csvModeConfig{
@@ -239,6 +300,9 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 							AnnotationPrefixes: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/"},
 							SpecDirs:           []string{"/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"},
 						},
+						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
+							CUDACompatMode: "ldconfig",
+						},
 					},
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookConfig: RuntimeHookConfig{
@@ -250,9 +314,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			description:     "suse config overrides user",
-			distIdsLike:     []string{"suse", "opensuse"},
-			inspectLdconfig: true,
+			description: "suse config overrides user",
+			distIdsLike: []string{"suse", "opensuse"},
 			contents: []string{
 				"nvidia-container-cli.user = \"foo:bar\"",
 			},
@@ -262,13 +325,13 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
 					Root:      "",
 					LoadKmods: true,
-					Ldconfig:  "WAS_CHECKED",
+					Ldconfig:  "@/test/ld/config/path",
 					User:      "foo:bar",
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig: RuntimeConfig{
 					DebugFilePath: "/dev/null",
 					LogLevel:      "info",
-					Runtimes:      []string{"docker-runc", "runc", "crun"},
+					Runtimes:      []string{"runc", "crun"},
 					Mode:          "auto",
 					Modes: modesConfig{
 						CSV: csvModeConfig{
@@ -279,6 +342,9 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 							AnnotationPrefixes: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/"},
 							SpecDirs:           []string{"/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"},
 						},
+						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
+							CUDACompatMode: "ldconfig",
+						},
 					},
 				},
 				NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookConfig: RuntimeHookConfig{
@@ -293,6 +359,7 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			defer setGetLdConfigPathForTest()()
 			defer setGetDistIDLikeForTest(tc.distIdsLike)()
 			reader := strings.NewReader(strings.Join(tc.contents, "\n"))
 
@@ -305,21 +372,63 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg, err := tomlCfg.Config()
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			// We first handle the ldconfig path since this is currently system-dependent.
-			if tc.inspectLdconfig {
-				ldconfig := cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Ldconfig
-				require.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(ldconfig, "@/sbin/ldconfig"))
-				remaining := strings.TrimPrefix(ldconfig, "@/sbin/ldconfig")
-				require.True(t, remaining == ".real" || remaining == "")
-
-				cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Ldconfig = "WAS_CHECKED"
-			}
-
 			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedConfig, cfg)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAssertValid(t *testing.T) {
+	defer setGetLdConfigPathForTest()()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description   string
+		config        *Config
+		expectedError error
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "default is valid",
+			config: func() *Config {
+				config, _ := GetDefault()
+				return config
+			}(),
+		},
+		{
+			description: "alternative host ldconfig path is valid",
+			config: &Config{
+				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
+					Ldconfig: "@/some/host/path",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "non-host path is invalid",
+			config: &Config{
+				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
+					Ldconfig: "/non/host/path",
+				},
+			},
+			expectedError: errInvalidConfig,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "feature flag allows non-host path",
+			config: &Config{
+				NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig: ContainerCLIConfig{
+					Ldconfig: "/non/host/path",
+				},
+				Features: features{
+					AllowLDConfigFromContainer: ptr(feature(true)),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.ErrorIs(t, tc.config.assertValid(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // setGetDistIDsLikeForTest overrides the distribution IDs that would normally be read from the /etc/os-release file.
 func setGetDistIDLikeForTest(ids []string) func() {
 	if ids == nil {
@@ -335,3 +444,18 @@ func setGetDistIDLikeForTest(ids []string) func() {
 		getDistIDLike = original
 	}
 }
+
+// prt returns a reference to whatever type is passed into it
+func ptr[T any](x T) *T {
+	return &x
+}
+
+func setGetLdConfigPathForTest() func() {
+	previous := getLdConfigPath
+	getLdConfigPath = func() ldconfigPath {
+		return "@/test/ld/config/path"
+	}
+	return func() {
+		getLdConfigPath = previous
+	}
+}

internal/config/features.go

@@ -18,17 +18,35 @@ package config
 
 // features specifies a set of named features.
 type features struct {
+	// AllowCUDACompatLibsFromContainer allows CUDA compat libs from a container
+	// to override certain driver library mounts from the host.
+	AllowCUDACompatLibsFromContainer *feature `toml:"allow-cuda-compat-libs-from-container,omitempty"`
+	// AllowLDConfigFromContainer allows non-host ldconfig paths to be used.
+	// If this feature flag is not set to 'true' only host-rooted config paths
+	// (i.e. paths starting with an '@' are considered valid)
+	AllowLDConfigFromContainer *feature `toml:"allow-ldconfig-from-container,omitempty"`
+	// DisableCUDACompatLibHook, when enabled skips the injection of a specific
+	// hook to process CUDA compatibility libraries.
+	//
+	// Note: Since this mechanism replaces the logic in the `nvidia-container-cli`,
+	// toggling this feature has no effect if `allow-cuda-compat-libs-from-container` is enabled.
+	DisableCUDACompatLibHook *feature `toml:"disable-cuda-compat-lib-hook,omitempty"`
 	// DisableImexChannelCreation ensures that the implicit creation of
 	// requested IMEX channels is skipped when invoking the nvidia-container-cli.
 	DisableImexChannelCreation *feature `toml:"disable-imex-channel-creation,omitempty"`
+	// IgnoreImexChannelRequests configures the NVIDIA Container Toolkit to
+	// ignore IMEX channel requests through the NVIDIA_IMEX_CHANNELS envvar or
+	// volume mounts.
+	// This ensures that the NVIDIA Container Toolkit cannot be used to provide
+	// access to an IMEX channel by simply specifying an environment variable,
+	// possibly bypassing other checks by an orchestration system such as
+	// kubernetes.
+	IgnoreImexChannelRequests *feature `toml:"ignore-imex-channel-requests,omitempty"`
 }
 
-//nolint:unused
 type feature bool
 
 // IsEnabled checks whether a feature is explicitly enabled.
-//
-//nolint:unused
 func (f *feature) IsEnabled() bool {
 	if f != nil {
 		return bool(*f)