TOFIX

Signed-off-by: Evan Lezar <elezar@nvidia.com>

.github/copy-pr-bot.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# https://docs.gha-runners.nvidia.com/apps/copy-pr-bot/#configuration
+
+enabled: true

.github/workflows/e2e.yaml

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
           go-version: ${{ env.GOLANG_VERSION }}
 
       - name: Set up Holodeck
-        uses: NVIDIA/holodeck@v0.2.12
+        uses: NVIDIA/holodeck@v0.2.6
         with:
           aws_access_key_id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
           aws_secret_access_key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Send Slack alert notification
         if: ${{ failure() }}
-        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v2.1.0
+        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v2.0.0
         with:
           method: chat.postMessage
           token: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-dist
-artifacts
+/dist
+/artifacts
 *.swp
 *.swo
 /coverage.out*
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ artifacts
 /nvidia-container-toolkit
 /nvidia-ctk
 /shared-*
-/release-*
+/release-*

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -176,12 +176,6 @@ image-packaging:
       optional: true
 
 # Define publish test helpers
-.test:toolkit:
-  extends:
-    - .integration
-  variables:
-    TEST_CASES: "toolkit"
-
 .test:docker:
   extends:
     - .integration

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,61 +1,5 @@
 # NVIDIA Container Toolkit Changelog
 
-## v1.17.8
-
-- Updated the ordering of Mounts in CDI to have a deterministic output. This makes testing more consistent.
-- Added NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG envvar to hooks.
-
-### Changes in libnvidia-container
-
-- Fixed bug in setting default for `--cuda-compat-mode` flag. This caused failures in use cases invoking the `nvidia-container-cli` directly.
-- Added additional logging to the `nvidia-container-cli`.
-- Fixed variable initialisation when updating the ldcache. This caused failures on Arch linux or other platforms where the `nvidia-container-cli` was built from source.
-
-## v1.17.7
-
-- Fix mode detection on Thor-based systems. This correctly resolves `auto` mode to `csv`.
-- Fix resolution of libs in LDCache on ARM. This fixes CDI spec generation on ARM-based systems using NVML.
-- Run update-ldcache hook in isolated namespaces.
-
-### Changes in the Toolkit Container
-
-- Bump CUDA base image version to 12.9.0
-
-### Changes in libnvidia-container
-
-- Add `--cuda-compat-mode` flag to the `nvidia-container-cli configure` command.
-
-## v1.17.6
-
-### Changes in the Toolkit Container
-
-- Allow container runtime executable path to be specified when configuring containerd.
-- Bump CUDA base image version to 12.8.1
-
-### Changes in libnvidia-container
-
-- Skip files when user has insufficient permissions. This prevents errors when discovering IPC sockets when the `nvidia-container-cli` is run as a non-root user.
-- Fix building with Go 1.24
-- Fix some typos in text.
-
-## v1.17.5
-
-- Allow the `enabled-cuda-compat` hook to be skipped when generating CDI specifications. This improves compatibility with older NVIDIA Container Toolkit installations. The hook is explicitly ignored for management CDI specifications.
-- Add IMEX binaries to CDI discovery. This includes the IMEX Daemon and IMEX Control binaries in containers.
-- Fix bug that may overwrite docker feature flags when configuring CDI from the `nvidia-ctk runtime configure` command.
-- Remove the unused `Set()` function from engine config API.
-- Add an `EnableCDI()` method to engine config API.
-- Add an `ignore-imex-channel-requests` feature flag. This ensures that the NVIDIA Container Runtime can be configured to ignore IMEX channel requests when these should be managed by another component.
-- Update the `update-ldcache` hook to run the host `ldconfig` from a MEMFD.
-- Add support for CUDA Forward Compatibility (removed by default in v1.17.4) using a dedicated `enable-cuda-compat` hook.  This can be disabled using a `disable-cuda-compat-lib-hook` feature flag.
-- Disable nvsandboxutils in the `nvcdi` API. This prevents a segmentation violation with NVIDIA GPU Drivers from the 565 branch.
-- Fix a bug where `cdi` mode would not work with the `--gpus` flag even if the NVIDIA Container Runtime was used.
-
-### Changes in the Toolkit Container
-
-- Enable CDI in container engine (Containerd, Cri-o, Docker) if CDI_ENABLED is set.
-- Bump CUDA base image version to 12.8.0
-
 ## v1.17.4
 - Disable mounting of compat libs from container by default
 - Add allow-cuda-compat-libs-from-container feature flag

Makefile

@@ -90,13 +90,32 @@ goimports:
 lint:
 	golangci-lint run ./...
 
-vendor:
-	go mod tidy
-	go mod vendor
-	go mod verify
+vendor:  | mod-tidy mod-vendor mod-verify
+
+mod-tidy:
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*"); do \
+	    echo "Tidying $$mod..."; ( \
+	        cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod tidy \
+            ) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+mod-vendor:
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*" -not -path "./deployments/*"); do \
+		echo "Vendoring $$mod..."; ( \
+			cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod vendor \
+			) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+mod-verify:
+	@for mod in $$(find . -name go.mod -not -path "./testdata/*" -not -path "./third_party/*"); do \
+	    echo "Verifying $$mod..."; ( \
+	        cd $$(dirname $$mod) && go mod verify | sed 's/^/  /g' \
+	    ) || exit 1; \
+	done
+
 
 check-vendor: vendor
-	git diff --quiet HEAD -- go.mod go.sum vendor
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD -- go.mod go.sum vendor
 
 licenses:
 	go-licenses csv $(MODULE)/...

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/main.go

@@ -58,15 +58,13 @@ func main() {
 			Aliases:     []string{"d"},
 			Usage:       "Enable debug-level logging",
 			Destination: &opts.Debug,
-			// TODO: Support for NVIDIA_CDI_DEBUG is deprecated and NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG should be used instead.
-			EnvVars: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG", "NVIDIA_CDI_DEBUG"},
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CDI_DEBUG"},
 		},
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
 			Name:        "quiet",
 			Usage:       "Suppress all output except for errors; overrides --debug",
 			Destination: &opts.Quiet,
-			// TODO: Support for NVIDIA_CDI_QUIET is deprecated and NVIDIA_CTK_QUIET should be used instead.
-			EnvVars: []string{"NVDIA_CTK_QUIET", "NVIDIA_CDI_QUIET"},
+			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_CDI_QUIET"},
 		},
 	}
 

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/ldconfig_linux.go

@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-//go:build linux
-
-/**
-# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-**/
-
-package ldcache
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
-	"syscall"
-
-	securejoin "github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin"
-
-	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/utils"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-// pivotRoot will call pivot_root such that rootfs becomes the new root
-// filesystem, and everything else is cleaned up.
-// This is adapted from the implementation here:
-//
-//	https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/blob/e89a29929c775025419ab0d218a43588b4c12b9a/libcontainer/rootfs_linux.go#L1056-L1113
-//
-// With the `mount` and `unmount` calls changed to direct unix.Mount and unix.Unmount calls.
-func pivotRoot(rootfs string) error {
-	// While the documentation may claim otherwise, pivot_root(".", ".") is
-	// actually valid. What this results in is / being the new root but
-	// /proc/self/cwd being the old root. Since we can play around with the cwd
-	// with pivot_root this allows us to pivot without creating directories in
-	// the rootfs. Shout-outs to the LXC developers for giving us this idea.
-
-	oldroot, err := unix.Open("/", unix.O_DIRECTORY|unix.O_RDONLY, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return &os.PathError{Op: "open", Path: "/", Err: err}
-	}
-	defer unix.Close(oldroot) //nolint: errcheck
-
-	newroot, err := unix.Open(rootfs, unix.O_DIRECTORY|unix.O_RDONLY, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return &os.PathError{Op: "open", Path: rootfs, Err: err}
-	}
-	defer unix.Close(newroot) //nolint: errcheck
-
-	// Change to the new root so that the pivot_root actually acts on it.
-	if err := unix.Fchdir(newroot); err != nil {
-		return &os.PathError{Op: "fchdir", Path: "fd " + strconv.Itoa(newroot), Err: err}
-	}
-
-	if err := unix.PivotRoot(".", "."); err != nil {
-		return &os.PathError{Op: "pivot_root", Path: ".", Err: err}
-	}
-
-	// Currently our "." is oldroot (according to the current kernel code).
-	// However, purely for safety, we will fchdir(oldroot) since there isn't
-	// really any guarantee from the kernel what /proc/self/cwd will be after a
-	// pivot_root(2).
-
-	if err := unix.Fchdir(oldroot); err != nil {
-		return &os.PathError{Op: "fchdir", Path: "fd " + strconv.Itoa(oldroot), Err: err}
-	}
-
-	// Make oldroot rslave to make sure our unmounts don't propagate to the
-	// host (and thus bork the machine). We don't use rprivate because this is
-	// known to cause issues due to races where we still have a reference to a
-	// mount while a process in the host namespace are trying to operate on
-	// something they think has no mounts (devicemapper in particular).
-	if err := unix.Mount("", ".", "", unix.MS_SLAVE|unix.MS_REC, ""); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	// Perform the unmount. MNT_DETACH allows us to unmount /proc/self/cwd.
-	if err := unix.Unmount(".", unix.MNT_DETACH); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Switch back to our shiny new root.
-	if err := unix.Chdir("/"); err != nil {
-		return &os.PathError{Op: "chdir", Path: "/", Err: err}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// mountLdConfig mounts the host ldconfig to the mount namespace of the hook.
-// We use WithProcfd to perform the mount operations to ensure that the changes
-// are persisted across the pivot root.
-func mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath string, containerRootDirPath string) (string, error) {
-	hostLdconfigInfo, err := os.Stat(hostLdconfigPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error reading host ldconfig: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	hookScratchDirPath := "/var/run/nvidia-ctk-hook"
-	ldconfigPath := filepath.Join(hookScratchDirPath, "ldconfig")
-	if err := utils.MkdirAllInRoot(containerRootDirPath, hookScratchDirPath, 0755); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating hook scratch folder: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = utils.WithProcfd(containerRootDirPath, hookScratchDirPath, func(hookScratchDirFdPath string) error {
-		return createTmpFs(hookScratchDirFdPath, int(hostLdconfigInfo.Size()))
-
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating tmpfs: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := createFileInRoot(containerRootDirPath, ldconfigPath, hostLdconfigInfo.Mode()); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating ldconfig: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = utils.WithProcfd(containerRootDirPath, ldconfigPath, func(ldconfigFdPath string) error {
-		return unix.Mount(hostLdconfigPath, ldconfigFdPath, "", unix.MS_BIND|unix.MS_RDONLY|unix.MS_NODEV|unix.MS_PRIVATE|unix.MS_NOSYMFOLLOW, "")
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error bind mounting host ldconfig: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return ldconfigPath, nil
-}
-
-func createFileInRoot(containerRootDirPath string, destinationPath string, mode os.FileMode) (string, error) {
-	dest, err := securejoin.SecureJoin(containerRootDirPath, destinationPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	// Make the parent directory.
-	destDir, destBase := filepath.Split(dest)
-	destDirFd, err := utils.MkdirAllInRootOpen(containerRootDirPath, destDir, 0755)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating parent dir: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer destDirFd.Close()
-	// Make the target file. We want to avoid opening any file that is
-	// already there because it could be a "bad" file like an invalid
-	// device or hung tty that might cause a DoS, so we use mknodat.
-	// destBase does not contain any "/" components, and mknodat does
-	// not follow trailing symlinks, so we can safely just call mknodat
-	// here.
-	if err := unix.Mknodat(int(destDirFd.Fd()), destBase, unix.S_IFREG|uint32(mode), 0); err != nil {
-		// If we get EEXIST, there was already an inode there and
-		// we can consider that a success.
-		if !errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating empty file: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-	return dest, nil
-}
-
-// mountProc mounts a clean proc filesystem in the new root.
-func mountProc(newroot string) error {
-	target := filepath.Join(newroot, "/proc")
-
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(target, 0755); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error creating directory: %w", err)
-	}
-	return unix.Mount("proc", target, "proc", 0, "")
-}
-
-// createTmpFs creates a tmpfs at the specified location with the specified size.
-func createTmpFs(target string, size int) error {
-	return unix.Mount("tmpfs", target, "tmpfs", 0, fmt.Sprintf("size=%d", size))
-}
-
-// createReexecCommand creates a command that can be used to trigger the reexec
-// initializer.
-// On linux this command runs in new namespaces.
-func createReexecCommand(args []string) *exec.Cmd {
-	cmd := reexec.Command(args...)
-	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
-	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
-		Cloneflags: syscall.CLONE_NEWNS |
-			syscall.CLONE_NEWUTS |
-			syscall.CLONE_NEWIPC |
-			syscall.CLONE_NEWPID |
-			syscall.CLONE_NEWNET,
-	}
-
-	return cmd
-}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/ldconfig_other.go

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !linux
-
-/**
-# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-**/
-
-package ldcache
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-
-	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
-)
-
-func pivotRoot(newroot string) error {
-	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
-}
-
-func mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath string, containerRootDirPath string) (string, error) {
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("not supported")
-}
-
-func mountProc(newroot string) error {
-	return fmt.Errorf("not supported")
-}
-
-// createReexecCommand creates a command that can be used ot trigger the reexec
-// initializer.
-func createReexecCommand(args []string) *exec.Cmd {
-	cmd := reexec.Command(args...)
-	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
-	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	return cmd
-}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/safe-exec_linux.go

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//go:build linux
-
 /**
 # Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
 #
@@ -28,9 +26,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 // SafeExec attempts to clone the specified binary (as an memfd, for example) before executing it.
-func SafeExec(path string, args []string, envv []string) error {
+func (m command) SafeExec(path string, args []string, envv []string) error {
 	safeExe, err := cloneBinary(path)
 	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.Warningf("Failed to clone binary %q: %v; falling back to Exec", path, err)
 		//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
 		return syscall.Exec(path, args, envv)
 	}

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/safe-exec_other.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 //go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
 
 /**
 # Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ import "syscall"
 
 // SafeExec is not implemented on non-linux systems and forwards directly to the
 // Exec syscall.
-func SafeExec(path string, args []string, envv []string) error {
+func (m *command) SafeExec(path string, args []string, envv []string) error {
 	//nolint:gosec // TODO: Can we harden this so that there is less risk of command injection
 	return syscall.Exec(path, args, envv)
 }

cmd/nvidia-cdi-hook/update-ldcache/update-ldcache.go

@@ -19,11 +19,10 @@ package ldcache
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/moby/sys/reexec"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
@@ -38,8 +37,6 @@ const (
 	// higher precedence than other libraries on the system, but lower than
 	// the 00-cuda-compat that is included in some containers.
 	ldsoconfdFilenamePattern = "00-nvcr-*.conf"
-
-	reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName = "reexec-update-ldcache"
 )
 
 type command struct {
@@ -52,13 +49,6 @@ type options struct {
 	containerSpec string
 }
 
-func init() {
-	reexec.Register(reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName, updateLdCacheHandler)
-	if reexec.Init() {
-		os.Exit(0)
-	}
-}
-
 // NewCommand constructs an update-ldcache command with the specified logger
 func NewCommand(logger logger.Interface) *cli.Command {
 	c := command{
@@ -119,109 +109,62 @@ func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *options) error {
 	}
 
 	containerRootDir, err := s.GetContainerRoot()
-	if err != nil || containerRootDir == "" || containerRootDir == "/" {
+	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determined container root: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	args := []string{
-		reexecUpdateLdCacheCommandName,
-		strings.TrimPrefix(config.NormalizeLDConfigPath("@"+cfg.ldconfigPath), "@"),
-		containerRootDir,
-	}
-	args = append(args, cfg.folders.Value()...)
-
-	cmd := createReexecCommand(args)
-
-	return cmd.Run()
-}
-
-// updateLdCacheHandler wraps updateLdCache with error handling.
-func updateLdCacheHandler() {
-	if err := updateLdCache(os.Args); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error updating ldcache: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-}
-
-// updateLdCache is invoked from a reexec'd handler and provides namespace
-// isolation for the operations performed by this hook.
-// At the point where this is invoked, we are in a new mount namespace that is
-// cloned from the parent.
-//
-// args[0] is the reexec initializer function name
-// args[1] is the path of the ldconfig binary on the host
-// args[2] is the container root directory
-// The remaining args are folders that need to be added to the ldcache.
-func updateLdCache(args []string) error {
-	if len(args) < 3 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("incorrect arguments: %v", args)
-	}
-	hostLdconfigPath := args[1]
-	containerRootDirPath := args[2]
-
-	// To prevent leaking the parent proc filesystem, we create a new proc mount
-	// in the container root.
-	if err := mountProc(containerRootDirPath); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error mounting /proc: %w", err)
+	ldconfigPath := m.resolveLDConfigPath(cfg.ldconfigPath)
+	args := []string{filepath.Base(ldconfigPath)}
+	if containerRootDir != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-r", containerRootDir)
 	}
 
-	// We mount the host ldconfig before we pivot root since host paths are not
-	// visible after the pivot root operation.
-	ldconfigPath, err := mountLdConfig(hostLdconfigPath, containerRootDirPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error mounting host ldconfig: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// We pivot to the container root for the new process, this further limits
-	// access to the host.
-	if err := pivotRoot(containerRootDirPath); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error running pivot_root: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return runLdconfig(ldconfigPath, args[3:]...)
-}
-
-// runLdconfig runs the ldconfig binary and ensures that the specified directories
-// are processed for the ldcache.
-func runLdconfig(ldconfigPath string, directories ...string) error {
-	args := []string{
-		"ldconfig",
-		// Explicitly specify using /etc/ld.so.conf since the host's ldconfig may
-		// be configured to use a different config file by default.
-		// Note that since we apply the `-r {{ .containerRootDir }}` argument, /etc/ld.so.conf is
-		// in the container.
-		"-f", "/etc/ld.so.conf",
-	}
-
-	containerRoot := containerRoot("/")
+	containerRoot := containerRoot(containerRootDir)
 
 	if containerRoot.hasPath("/etc/ld.so.cache") {
 		args = append(args, "-C", "/etc/ld.so.cache")
 	} else {
+		m.logger.Debugf("No ld.so.cache found, skipping update")
 		args = append(args, "-N")
 	}
 
+	folders := cfg.folders.Value()
 	if containerRoot.hasPath("/etc/ld.so.conf.d") {
-		err := createLdsoconfdFile(ldsoconfdFilenamePattern, directories...)
+		err := m.createLdsoconfdFile(containerRoot, ldsoconfdFilenamePattern, folders...)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update ld.so.conf.d: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update ld.so.conf.d: %v", err)
 		}
 	} else {
-		args = append(args, directories...)
+		args = append(args, folders...)
 	}
 
-	return SafeExec(ldconfigPath, args, nil)
+	// Explicitly specify using /etc/ld.so.conf since the host's ldconfig may
+	// be configured to use a different config file by default.
+	args = append(args, "-f", "/etc/ld.so.conf")
+
+	return m.SafeExec(ldconfigPath, args, nil)
 }
 
-// createLdsoconfdFile creates a file at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/.
+// resolveLDConfigPath determines the LDConfig path to use for the system.
+// On systems such as Ubuntu where `/sbin/ldconfig` is a wrapper around
+// /sbin/ldconfig.real, the latter is returned.
+func (m command) resolveLDConfigPath(path string) string {
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(config.NormalizeLDConfigPath("@"+path), "@")
+}
+
+// createLdsoconfdFile creates a file at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ in the specified root.
 // The file is created at /etc/ld.so.conf.d/{{ .pattern }} using `CreateTemp` and
 // contains the specified directories on each line.
-func createLdsoconfdFile(pattern string, dirs ...string) error {
+func (m command) createLdsoconfdFile(in containerRoot, pattern string, dirs ...string) error {
 	if len(dirs) == 0 {
+		m.logger.Debugf("No directories to add to /etc/ld.so.conf")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	ldsoconfdDir := "/etc/ld.so.conf.d"
+	ldsoconfdDir, err := in.resolve("/etc/ld.so.conf.d")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(ldsoconfdDir, 0755); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create ld.so.conf.d: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -230,16 +173,16 @@ func createLdsoconfdFile(pattern string, dirs ...string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config file: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		_ = configFile.Close()
-	}()
+	defer configFile.Close()
+
+	m.logger.Debugf("Adding directories %v to %v", dirs, configFile.Name())
 
 	added := make(map[string]bool)
 	for _, dir := range dirs {
 		if added[dir] {
 			continue
 		}
-		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(configFile, "%s\n", dir)
+		_, err = configFile.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", dir))
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update config file: %w", err)
 		}

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/hook_config.go

@@ -104,26 +104,3 @@ func (c *hookConfig) getSwarmResourceEnvvars() []string {
 
 	return envvars
 }
-
-// nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags returns required --cuda-compat-mode
-// flag(s) depending on the hook and runtime configurations.
-func (c *hookConfig) nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags() []string {
-	var flag string
-	switch c.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Modes.Legacy.CUDACompatMode {
-	case config.CUDACompatModeLdconfig:
-		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=ldconfig"
-	case config.CUDACompatModeMount:
-		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=mount"
-	case config.CUDACompatModeDisabled, config.CUDACompatModeHook:
-		flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=disabled"
-	default:
-		if !c.Features.AllowCUDACompatLibsFromContainer.IsEnabled() {
-			flag = "--cuda-compat-mode=disabled"
-		}
-	}
-
-	if flag == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return []string{flag}
-}

cmd/nvidia-container-runtime-hook/main.go

@@ -114,8 +114,9 @@ func doPrestart() {
 	}
 	args = append(args, "configure")
 
-	args = append(args, hook.nvidiaContainerCliCUDACompatModeFlags()...)
-
+	if !hook.Features.AllowCUDACompatLibsFromContainer.IsEnabled() {
+		args = append(args, "--no-cntlibs")
+	}
 	if ldconfigPath := cli.NormalizeLDConfigPath(); ldconfigPath != "" {
 		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--ldconfig=%s", ldconfigPath))
 	}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/container.go

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/operator"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -38,11 +38,6 @@ const (
 type Options struct {
 	Config string
 	Socket string
-	// ExecutablePath specifies the path to the container runtime executable.
-	// This is used to extract the current config, for example.
-	// If a HostRootMount is specified, this path is relative to the host root
-	// mount.
-	ExecutablePath string
 	// EnabledCDI indicates whether CDI should be enabled.
 	EnableCDI     bool
 	RuntimeName   string

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/config_v1_test.go

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ import (
 	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 func TestUpdateV1ConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/config_v2_test.go

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ import (
 	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 const (

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd/containerd.go

@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/containerd"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func getRuntimeConfig(o *container.Options, co *Options) (engine.Interface, erro
 		containerd.WithPath(o.Config),
 		containerd.WithConfigSource(
 			toml.LoadFirst(
-				containerd.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount, o.ExecutablePath),
+				containerd.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount),
 				toml.FromFile(o.Config),
 			),
 		),

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/crio/crio.go

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/crio"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/ocihook"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/toml"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ func getRuntimeConfig(o *container.Options) (engine.Interface, error) {
 		crio.WithPath(o.Config),
 		crio.WithConfigSource(
 			toml.LoadFirst(
-				crio.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount, o.ExecutablePath),
+				crio.CommandLineSource(o.HostRootMount),
 				toml.FromFile(o.Config),
 			),
 		),

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker/docker.go

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cli "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/docker"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 const (

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker/docker_test.go

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/config/engine/docker"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
 )
 
 func TestUpdateConfigDefaultRuntime(t *testing.T) {

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/runtime.go

@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@ package runtime
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/runtime/containerd"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/runtime/crio"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/runtime/docker"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/toolkit"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/containerd"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/crio"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime/docker"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -54,12 +53,6 @@ func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 			Destination: &opts.Config,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_CONFIG", "CONTAINERD_CONFIG", "DOCKER_CONFIG"},
 		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "executable-path",
-			Usage:       "The path to the runtime executable. This is used to extract the current config",
-			Destination: &opts.ExecutablePath,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"RUNTIME_EXECUTABLE_PATH"},
-		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "socket",
 			Usage:       "Path to the runtime socket file",
@@ -111,8 +104,8 @@ func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 	return flags
 }
 
-// Validate checks whether the specified options are valid
-func (opts *Options) Validate(c *cli.Context, runtime string, toolkitRoot string, to *toolkit.Options) error {
+// ValidateOptions checks whether the specified options are valid
+func ValidateOptions(c *cli.Context, opts *Options, runtime string, toolkitRoot string, to *toolkit.Options) error {
 	// We set this option here to ensure that it is available in future calls.
 	opts.RuntimeDir = toolkitRoot
 
@@ -120,11 +113,6 @@ func (opts *Options) Validate(c *cli.Context, runtime string, toolkitRoot string
 		opts.EnableCDI = to.CDI.Enabled
 	}
 
-	if opts.ExecutablePath != "" && opts.RuntimeName == docker.Name {
-		log.Warningf("Ignoring executable-path=%q flag for %v", opts.ExecutablePath, opts.RuntimeName)
-		opts.ExecutablePath = ""
-	}
-
 	// Apply the runtime-specific config changes.
 	switch runtime {
 	case containerd.Name:

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit/executable.go

@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 type executableTarget struct {
@@ -33,6 +31,7 @@ type executableTarget struct {
 }
 
 type executable struct {
+	fileInstaller
 	source   string
 	target   executableTarget
 	env      map[string]string
@@ -43,21 +42,21 @@ type executable struct {
 // install installs an executable component of the NVIDIA container toolkit. The source executable
 // is copied to a `.real` file and a wapper is created to set up the environment as required.
 func (e executable) install(destFolder string) (string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Installing executable '%v' to %v", e.source, destFolder)
+	e.logger.Infof("Installing executable '%v' to %v", e.source, destFolder)
 
 	dotfileName := e.dotfileName()
 
-	installedDotfileName, err := installFileToFolderWithName(destFolder, dotfileName, e.source)
+	installedDotfileName, err := e.installFileToFolderWithName(destFolder, dotfileName, e.source)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("error installing file '%v' as '%v': %v", e.source, dotfileName, err)
 	}
-	log.Infof("Installed '%v'", installedDotfileName)
+	e.logger.Infof("Installed '%v'", installedDotfileName)
 
 	wrapperFilename, err := e.installWrapper(destFolder, installedDotfileName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("error wrapping '%v': %v", installedDotfileName, err)
 	}
-	log.Infof("Installed wrapper '%v'", wrapperFilename)
+	e.logger.Infof("Installed wrapper '%v'", wrapperFilename)
 
 	return wrapperFilename, nil
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit/executable_test.go

@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestWrapper(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
 	const shebang = "#! /bin/sh"
 	const destFolder = "/dest/folder"
 	const dotfileName = "source.real"
@@ -98,6 +101,8 @@ func TestWrapper(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, tc := range testCases {
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 
+		tc.e.logger = logger
+
 		err := tc.e.writeWrapperTo(buf, destFolder, dotfileName)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -107,6 +112,8 @@ func TestWrapper(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestInstallExecutable(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
 	inputFolder, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(inputFolder)
@@ -121,6 +128,9 @@ func TestInstallExecutable(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, sourceFile.Close())
 
 	e := executable{
+		fileInstaller: fileInstaller{
+			logger: logger,
+		},
 		source: source,
 		target: executableTarget{
 			dotfileName: "input.real",

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit/file-installer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package toolkit
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+)
+
+type fileInstaller struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+	// sourceRoot specifies the root that is searched for the components to install.
+	sourceRoot string
+}
+
+// installFileToFolder copies a source file to a destination folder.
+// The path of the input file is ignored.
+// e.g. installFileToFolder("/some/path/file.txt", "/output/path")
+// will result in a file "/output/path/file.txt" being generated
+func (t *fileInstaller) installFileToFolder(destFolder string, src string) (string, error) {
+	name := filepath.Base(src)
+	return t.installFileToFolderWithName(destFolder, name, src)
+}
+
+// cp src destFolder/name
+func (t *fileInstaller) installFileToFolderWithName(destFolder string, name, src string) (string, error) {
+	dest := filepath.Join(destFolder, name)
+	err := t.installFile(dest, src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error copying '%v' to '%v': %v", src, dest, err)
+	}
+	return dest, nil
+}
+
+// installFile copies a file from src to dest and maintains
+// file modes
+func (t *fileInstaller) installFile(dest string, src string) error {
+	src = filepath.Join(t.sourceRoot, src)
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing '%v' to '%v'", src, dest)
+
+	source, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error opening source: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer source.Close()
+
+	destination, err := os.Create(dest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating destination: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer destination.Close()
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(destination, source)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error copying file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = applyModeFromSource(dest, src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error setting destination file mode: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applyModeFromSource sets the file mode for a destination file
+// to match that of a specified source file
+func applyModeFromSource(dest string, src string) error {
+	sourceInfo, err := os.Stat(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error getting file info for '%v': %v", src, err)
+	}
+	err = os.Chmod(dest, sourceInfo.Mode())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error setting mode for '%v': %v", dest, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package toolkit
+
+import "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+
+// An Option provides a mechanism to configure an Installer.
+type Option func(*Installer)
+
+func WithLogger(logger logger.Interface) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.logger = logger
+	}
+}
+
+func WithToolkitRoot(toolkitRoot string) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.toolkitRoot = toolkitRoot
+	}
+}
+
+func WithSourceRoot(sourceRoot string) Option {
+	return func(i *Installer) {
+		i.sourceRoot = sourceRoot
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit/runtime.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/operator"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/operator"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ const (
 
 // installContainerRuntimes sets up the NVIDIA container runtimes, copying the executables
 // and implementing the required wrapper
-func installContainerRuntimes(toolkitDir string, driverRoot string) error {
+func (t *Installer) installContainerRuntimes(toolkitDir string) error {
 	runtimes := operator.GetRuntimes()
 	for _, runtime := range runtimes {
-		r := newNvidiaContainerRuntimeInstaller(runtime.Path)
+		r := t.newNvidiaContainerRuntimeInstaller(runtime.Path)
 
 		_, err := r.install(toolkitDir)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ func installContainerRuntimes(toolkitDir string, driverRoot string) error {
 // This installer will copy the specified source executable to the toolkit directory.
 // The executable is copied to a file with the same name as the source, but with a ".real" suffix and a wrapper is
 // created to allow for the configuration of the runtime environment.
-func newNvidiaContainerRuntimeInstaller(source string) *executable {
+func (t *Installer) newNvidiaContainerRuntimeInstaller(source string) *executable {
 	wrapperName := filepath.Base(source)
 	dotfileName := wrapperName + ".real"
 	target := executableTarget{
 		dotfileName: dotfileName,
 		wrapperName: wrapperName,
 	}
-	return newRuntimeInstaller(source, target, nil)
+	return t.newRuntimeInstaller(source, target, nil)
 }
 
-func newRuntimeInstaller(source string, target executableTarget, env map[string]string) *executable {
+func (t *Installer) newRuntimeInstaller(source string, target executableTarget, env map[string]string) *executable {
 	preLines := []string{
 		"",
 		"cat /proc/modules | grep -e \"^nvidia \" >/dev/null 2>&1",
@@ -74,10 +74,11 @@ func newRuntimeInstaller(source string, target executableTarget, env map[string]
 	}
 
 	r := executable{
-		source:   source,
-		target:   target,
-		env:      runtimeEnv,
-		preLines: preLines,
+		fileInstaller: t.fileInstaller,
+		source:        source,
+		target:        target,
+		env:           runtimeEnv,
+		preLines:      preLines,
 	}
 
 	return &r

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit/runtime_test.go

@@ -21,11 +21,18 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestNvidiaContainerRuntimeInstallerWrapper(t *testing.T) {
-	r := newNvidiaContainerRuntimeInstaller(nvidiaContainerRuntimeSource)
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	i := Installer{
+		fileInstaller: fileInstaller{
+			logger: logger,
+		},
+	}
+	r := i.newNvidiaContainerRuntimeInstaller(nvidiaContainerRuntimeSource)
 
 	const shebang = "#! /bin/sh"
 	const destFolder = "/dest/folder"

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit/toolkit.go

@@ -17,19 +17,17 @@
 package toolkit
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/system/nvdevices"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi"
 	transformroot "github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/transform/root"
@@ -44,8 +42,6 @@ const (
 
 	nvidiaContainerToolkitConfigSource = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml"
 	configFilename                     = "config.toml"
-
-	toolkitPidFilename = "toolkit.pid"
 )
 
 type cdiOptions struct {
@@ -220,10 +216,33 @@ func Flags(opts *Options) []cli.Flag {
 	return flags
 }
 
+// An Installer is used to install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit from the toolkit container.
+type Installer struct {
+	fileInstaller
+	// toolkitRoot specifies the destination path at which the toolkit is installed.
+	toolkitRoot string
+}
+
+// NewInstaller creates an installer for the NVIDIA Container Toolkit.
+func NewInstaller(opts ...Option) *Installer {
+	i := &Installer{}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(i)
+	}
+
+	if i.logger == nil {
+		i.logger = logger.New()
+	}
+	return i
+}
+
 // ValidateOptions checks whether the specified options are valid
-func ValidateOptions(opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
-	if toolkitRoot == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --toolkit-root option: %v", toolkitRoot)
+func (t *Installer) ValidateOptions(opts *Options) error {
+	if t == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("toolkit installer is not initilized")
+	}
+	if t.toolkitRoot == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --toolkit-root option: %v", t.toolkitRoot)
 	}
 
 	vendor, class := parser.ParseQualifier(opts.CDI.kind)
@@ -237,7 +256,7 @@ func ValidateOptions(opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
 	opts.CDI.class = class
 
 	if opts.CDI.Enabled && opts.CDI.outputDir == "" {
-		log.Warning("Skipping CDI spec generation (no output directory specified)")
+		t.logger.Warning("Skipping CDI spec generation (no output directory specified)")
 		opts.CDI.Enabled = false
 	}
 
@@ -252,7 +271,7 @@ func ValidateOptions(opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
 		}
 	}
 	if !opts.CDI.Enabled && !isDisabled {
-		log.Info("disabling device node creation since --cdi-enabled=false")
+		t.logger.Info("disabling device node creation since --cdi-enabled=false")
 		isDisabled = true
 	}
 	if isDisabled {
@@ -262,117 +281,93 @@ func ValidateOptions(opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// TryDelete attempts to remove the specified toolkit folder.
-// A toolkit.pid file -- if present -- is skipped.
-func TryDelete(cli *cli.Context, toolkitRoot string) error {
-	log.Infof("Attempting to delete NVIDIA container toolkit from '%v'", toolkitRoot)
-
-	contents, err := os.ReadDir(toolkitRoot)
-	if err != nil && errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return nil
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read the contents of %v: %w", toolkitRoot, err)
-	}
-
-	for _, content := range contents {
-		if content.Name() == toolkitPidFilename {
-			continue
-		}
-		name := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, content.Name())
-		if err := os.RemoveAll(name); err != nil {
-			log.Warningf("could not remove %v: %v", name, err)
-		}
-	}
-	if err := os.RemoveAll(toolkitRoot); err != nil {
-		log.Warningf("could not remove %v: %v", toolkitRoot, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Install installs the components of the NVIDIA container toolkit.
 // Any existing installation is removed.
-func Install(cli *cli.Context, opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit to '%v'", toolkitRoot)
+func (t *Installer) Install(cli *cli.Context, opts *Options) error {
+	if t == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("toolkit installer is not initilized")
+	}
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit to '%v'", t.toolkitRoot)
 
-	log.Infof("Removing existing NVIDIA container toolkit installation")
-	err := os.RemoveAll(toolkitRoot)
+	t.logger.Infof("Removing existing NVIDIA container toolkit installation")
+	err := os.RemoveAll(t.toolkitRoot)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error removing toolkit directory: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error removing toolkit directory: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error removing toolkit directory: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	toolkitConfigDir := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime")
+	toolkitConfigDir := filepath.Join(t.toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime")
 	toolkitConfigPath := filepath.Join(toolkitConfigDir, configFilename)
 
-	err = createDirectories(toolkitRoot, toolkitConfigDir)
+	err = t.createDirectories(t.toolkitRoot, toolkitConfigDir)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("could not create required directories: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	err = installContainerLibraries(toolkitRoot)
+	err = t.installContainerLibraries(t.toolkitRoot)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container library: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container library: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container library: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	err = installContainerRuntimes(toolkitRoot, opts.DriverRoot)
+	err = t.installContainerRuntimes(t.toolkitRoot)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	nvidiaContainerCliExecutable, err := installContainerCLI(toolkitRoot)
+	nvidiaContainerCliExecutable, err := t.installContainerCLI(t.toolkitRoot)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container CLI: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container CLI: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container CLI: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath, err := installRuntimeHook(toolkitRoot, toolkitConfigPath)
+	nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath, err := t.installRuntimeHook(t.toolkitRoot, toolkitConfigPath)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	nvidiaCTKPath, err := installContainerToolkitCLI(toolkitRoot)
+	nvidiaCTKPath, err := t.installContainerToolkitCLI(t.toolkitRoot)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container Toolkit CLI: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container Toolkit CLI: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container Toolkit CLI: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	nvidiaCDIHookPath, err := installContainerCDIHookCLI(toolkitRoot)
+	nvidiaCDIHookPath, err := t.installContainerCDIHookCLI(t.toolkitRoot)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container CDI Hook CLI: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container CDI Hook CLI: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA Container CDI Hook CLI: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	err = installToolkitConfig(cli, toolkitConfigPath, nvidiaContainerCliExecutable, nvidiaCTKPath, nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath, opts)
+	err = t.installToolkitConfig(cli, toolkitConfigPath, nvidiaContainerCliExecutable, nvidiaCTKPath, nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookPath, opts)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container toolkit config: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container toolkit config: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container toolkit config: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	err = createDeviceNodes(opts)
+	err = t.createDeviceNodes(opts)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error creating device nodes: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error creating device nodes: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error creating device nodes: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	err = generateCDISpec(opts, nvidiaCDIHookPath)
+	err = t.generateCDISpec(opts, nvidiaCDIHookPath)
 	if err != nil && !opts.ignoreErrors {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error generating CDI specification: %v", err)
 	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error generating CDI specification: %v", err))
+		t.logger.Errorf("Ignoring error: %v", fmt.Errorf("error generating CDI specification: %v", err))
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -383,8 +378,8 @@ func Install(cli *cli.Context, opts *Options, toolkitRoot string) error {
 // A predefined set of library candidates are considered, with the first one
 // resulting in success being installed to the toolkit folder. The install process
 // resolves the symlink for the library and copies the versioned library itself.
-func installContainerLibraries(toolkitRoot string) error {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container library to '%v'", toolkitRoot)
+func (t *Installer) installContainerLibraries(toolkitRoot string) error {
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container library to '%v'", toolkitRoot)
 
 	libs := []string{
 		"libnvidia-container.so.1",
@@ -392,7 +387,7 @@ func installContainerLibraries(toolkitRoot string) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, l := range libs {
-		err := installLibrary(l, toolkitRoot)
+		err := t.installLibrary(l, toolkitRoot)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to install %s: %v", l, err)
 		}
@@ -402,23 +397,23 @@ func installContainerLibraries(toolkitRoot string) error {
 }
 
 // installLibrary installs the specified library to the toolkit directory.
-func installLibrary(libName string, toolkitRoot string) error {
-	libraryPath, err := findLibrary("", libName)
+func (t *Installer) installLibrary(libName string, toolkitRoot string) error {
+	libraryPath, err := t.findLibrary(libName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error locating NVIDIA container library: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	installedLibPath, err := installFileToFolder(toolkitRoot, libraryPath)
+	installedLibPath, err := t.installFileToFolder(toolkitRoot, libraryPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing %v to %v: %v", libraryPath, toolkitRoot, err)
 	}
-	log.Infof("Installed '%v' to '%v'", libraryPath, installedLibPath)
+	t.logger.Infof("Installed '%v' to '%v'", libraryPath, installedLibPath)
 
 	if filepath.Base(installedLibPath) == libName {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	err = installSymlink(toolkitRoot, libName, installedLibPath)
+	err = t.installSymlink(toolkitRoot, libName, installedLibPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error installing symlink for NVIDIA container library: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -428,8 +423,8 @@ func installLibrary(libName string, toolkitRoot string) error {
 
 // installToolkitConfig installs the config file for the NVIDIA container toolkit ensuring
 // that the settings are updated to match the desired install and nvidia driver directories.
-func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContainerCliExecutablePath string, nvidiaCTKPath string, nvidaContainerRuntimeHookPath string, opts *Options) error {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit config '%v'", toolkitConfigPath)
+func (t *Installer) installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContainerCliExecutablePath string, nvidiaCTKPath string, nvidaContainerRuntimeHookPath string, opts *Options) error {
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container toolkit config '%v'", toolkitConfigPath)
 
 	cfg, err := config.New(
 		config.WithConfigFile(nvidiaContainerToolkitConfigSource),
@@ -491,11 +486,11 @@ func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContai
 
 	for key, value := range optionalConfigValues {
 		if !c.IsSet(key) {
-			log.Infof("Skipping unset option: %v", key)
+			t.logger.Infof("Skipping unset option: %v", key)
 			continue
 		}
 		if value == nil {
-			log.Infof("Skipping option with nil value: %v", key)
+			t.logger.Infof("Skipping option with nil value: %v", key)
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -510,7 +505,7 @@ func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContai
 			}
 			value = v.Value()
 		default:
-			log.Warningf("Unexpected type for option %v=%v: %T", key, value, v)
+			t.logger.Warningf("Unexpected type for option %v=%v: %T", key, value, v)
 		}
 
 		cfg.Set(key, value)
@@ -522,16 +517,17 @@ func installToolkitConfig(c *cli.Context, toolkitConfigPath string, nvidiaContai
 
 	os.Stdout.WriteString("Using config:\n")
 	if _, err = cfg.WriteTo(os.Stdout); err != nil {
-		log.Warningf("Failed to output config to STDOUT: %v", err)
+		t.logger.Warningf("Failed to output config to STDOUT: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // installContainerToolkitCLI installs the nvidia-ctk CLI executable and wrapper.
-func installContainerToolkitCLI(toolkitDir string) (string, error) {
+func (t *Installer) installContainerToolkitCLI(toolkitDir string) (string, error) {
 	e := executable{
-		source: "/usr/bin/nvidia-ctk",
+		fileInstaller: t.fileInstaller,
+		source:        "/usr/bin/nvidia-ctk",
 		target: executableTarget{
 			dotfileName: "nvidia-ctk.real",
 			wrapperName: "nvidia-ctk",
@@ -542,9 +538,10 @@ func installContainerToolkitCLI(toolkitDir string) (string, error) {
 }
 
 // installContainerCDIHookCLI installs the nvidia-cdi-hook CLI executable and wrapper.
-func installContainerCDIHookCLI(toolkitDir string) (string, error) {
+func (t *Installer) installContainerCDIHookCLI(toolkitDir string) (string, error) {
 	e := executable{
-		source: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+		fileInstaller: t.fileInstaller,
+		source:        "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
 		target: executableTarget{
 			dotfileName: "nvidia-cdi-hook.real",
 			wrapperName: "nvidia-cdi-hook",
@@ -556,15 +553,16 @@ func installContainerCDIHookCLI(toolkitDir string) (string, error) {
 
 // installContainerCLI sets up the NVIDIA container CLI executable, copying the executable
 // and implementing the required wrapper
-func installContainerCLI(toolkitRoot string) (string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container CLI from '%v'", nvidiaContainerCliSource)
+func (t *Installer) installContainerCLI(toolkitRoot string) (string, error) {
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container CLI from '%v'", nvidiaContainerCliSource)
 
 	env := map[string]string{
 		"LD_LIBRARY_PATH": toolkitRoot,
 	}
 
 	e := executable{
-		source: nvidiaContainerCliSource,
+		fileInstaller: t.fileInstaller,
+		source:        nvidiaContainerCliSource,
 		target: executableTarget{
 			dotfileName: "nvidia-container-cli.real",
 			wrapperName: "nvidia-container-cli",
@@ -581,15 +579,16 @@ func installContainerCLI(toolkitRoot string) (string, error) {
 
 // installRuntimeHook sets up the NVIDIA runtime hook, copying the executable
 // and implementing the required wrapper
-func installRuntimeHook(toolkitRoot string, configFilePath string) (string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container runtime hook from '%v'", nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookSource)
+func (t *Installer) installRuntimeHook(toolkitRoot string, configFilePath string) (string, error) {
+	t.logger.Infof("Installing NVIDIA container runtime hook from '%v'", nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookSource)
 
 	argLines := []string{
 		fmt.Sprintf("-config \"%s\"", configFilePath),
 	}
 
 	e := executable{
-		source: nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookSource,
+		fileInstaller: t.fileInstaller,
+		source:        nvidiaContainerRuntimeHookSource,
 		target: executableTarget{
 			dotfileName: "nvidia-container-runtime-hook.real",
 			wrapperName: "nvidia-container-runtime-hook",
@@ -602,7 +601,7 @@ func installRuntimeHook(toolkitRoot string, configFilePath string) (string, erro
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("error installing NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = installSymlink(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-toolkit", installedPath)
+	err = t.installSymlink(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-toolkit", installedPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("error installing symlink to NVIDIA container runtime hook: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -612,10 +611,10 @@ func installRuntimeHook(toolkitRoot string, configFilePath string) (string, erro
 
 // installSymlink creates a symlink in the toolkitDirectory that points to the specified target.
 // Note: The target is assumed to be local to the toolkit directory
-func installSymlink(toolkitRoot string, link string, target string) error {
+func (t *Installer) installSymlink(toolkitRoot string, link string, target string) error {
 	symlinkPath := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, link)
 	targetPath := filepath.Base(target)
-	log.Infof("Creating symlink '%v' -> '%v'", symlinkPath, targetPath)
+	t.logger.Infof("Creating symlink '%v' -> '%v'", symlinkPath, targetPath)
 
 	err := os.Symlink(targetPath, symlinkPath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -624,72 +623,10 @@ func installSymlink(toolkitRoot string, link string, target string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// installFileToFolder copies a source file to a destination folder.
-// The path of the input file is ignored.
-// e.g. installFileToFolder("/some/path/file.txt", "/output/path")
-// will result in a file "/output/path/file.txt" being generated
-func installFileToFolder(destFolder string, src string) (string, error) {
-	name := filepath.Base(src)
-	return installFileToFolderWithName(destFolder, name, src)
-}
-
-// cp src destFolder/name
-func installFileToFolderWithName(destFolder string, name, src string) (string, error) {
-	dest := filepath.Join(destFolder, name)
-	err := installFile(dest, src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("error copying '%v' to '%v': %v", src, dest, err)
-	}
-	return dest, nil
-}
-
-// installFile copies a file from src to dest and maintains
-// file modes
-func installFile(dest string, src string) error {
-	log.Infof("Installing '%v' to '%v'", src, dest)
-
-	source, err := os.Open(src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error opening source: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer source.Close()
-
-	destination, err := os.Create(dest)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error creating destination: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer destination.Close()
-
-	_, err = io.Copy(destination, source)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error copying file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = applyModeFromSource(dest, src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error setting destination file mode: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// applyModeFromSource sets the file mode for a destination file
-// to match that of a specified source file
-func applyModeFromSource(dest string, src string) error {
-	sourceInfo, err := os.Stat(src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error getting file info for '%v': %v", src, err)
-	}
-	err = os.Chmod(dest, sourceInfo.Mode())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error setting mode for '%v': %v", dest, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // findLibrary searches a set of candidate libraries in the specified root for
 // a given library name
-func findLibrary(root string, libName string) (string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Finding library %v (root=%v)", libName, root)
+func (t *Installer) findLibrary(libName string) (string, error) {
+	t.logger.Infof("Finding library %v (root=%v)", libName)
 
 	candidateDirs := []string{
 		"/usr/lib64",
@@ -698,16 +635,16 @@ func findLibrary(root string, libName string) (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	for _, d := range candidateDirs {
-		l := filepath.Join(root, d, libName)
-		log.Infof("Checking library candidate '%v'", l)
+		l := filepath.Join(t.sourceRoot, d, libName)
+		t.logger.Infof("Checking library candidate '%v'", l)
 
-		libraryCandidate, err := resolveLink(l)
+		libraryCandidate, err := t.resolveLink(l)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Infof("Skipping library candidate '%v': %v", l, err)
+			t.logger.Infof("Skipping library candidate '%v': %v", l, err)
 			continue
 		}
 
-		return libraryCandidate, nil
+		return strings.TrimPrefix(libraryCandidate, t.sourceRoot), nil
 	}
 
 	return "", fmt.Errorf("error locating library '%v'", libName)
@@ -716,20 +653,20 @@ func findLibrary(root string, libName string) (string, error) {
 // resolveLink finds the target of a symlink or the file itself in the
 // case of a regular file.
 // This is equivalent to running `readlink -f ${l}`
-func resolveLink(l string) (string, error) {
+func (t *Installer) resolveLink(l string) (string, error) {
 	resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(l)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("error resolving link '%v': %v", l, err)
 	}
 	if l != resolved {
-		log.Infof("Resolved link: '%v' => '%v'", l, resolved)
+		t.logger.Infof("Resolved link: '%v' => '%v'", l, resolved)
 	}
 	return resolved, nil
 }
 
-func createDirectories(dir ...string) error {
+func (t *Installer) createDirectories(dir ...string) error {
 	for _, d := range dir {
-		log.Infof("Creating directory '%v'", d)
+		t.logger.Infof("Creating directory '%v'", d)
 		err := os.MkdirAll(d, 0755)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error creating directory: %v", err)
@@ -738,7 +675,7 @@ func createDirectories(dir ...string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
+func (t *Installer) createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
 	modes := opts.createDeviceNodes.Value()
 	if len(modes) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -752,9 +689,9 @@ func createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, mode := range modes {
-		log.Infof("Creating %v device nodes at %v", mode, opts.DevRootCtrPath)
+		t.logger.Infof("Creating %v device nodes at %v", mode, opts.DevRootCtrPath)
 		if mode != "control" {
-			log.Warningf("Unrecognised device mode: %v", mode)
+			t.logger.Warningf("Unrecognised device mode: %v", mode)
 			continue
 		}
 		if err := devices.CreateNVIDIAControlDevices(); err != nil {
@@ -765,12 +702,13 @@ func createDeviceNodes(opts *Options) error {
 }
 
 // generateCDISpec generates a CDI spec for use in management containers
-func generateCDISpec(opts *Options, nvidiaCDIHookPath string) error {
+func (t *Installer) generateCDISpec(opts *Options, nvidiaCDIHookPath string) error {
 	if !opts.CDI.Enabled {
 		return nil
 	}
-	log.Info("Generating CDI spec for management containers")
+	t.logger.Info("Generating CDI spec for management containers")
 	cdilib, err := nvcdi.New(
+		nvcdi.WithLogger(t.logger),
 		nvcdi.WithMode(nvcdi.ModeManagement),
 		nvcdi.WithDriverRoot(opts.DriverRootCtrPath),
 		nvcdi.WithDevRoot(opts.DevRootCtrPath),

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit/toolkit_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package toolkit
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup/symlinks"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "installer", "artifacts")
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description     string
+		hostRoot        string
+		packageType     string
+		cdiEnabled      bool
+		expectedError   error
+		expectedCdiSpec string
+	}{
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType: "deb",
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType: "rpm",
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:      "rootfs-empty",
+			packageType:   "deb",
+			cdiEnabled:    true,
+			expectedError: fmt.Errorf("no NVIDIA device nodes found"),
+		},
+		{
+			hostRoot:    "rootfs-1",
+			packageType: "deb",
+			cdiEnabled:  true,
+			expectedCdiSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/class
+devices:
+- name: all
+  containerEdits:
+    deviceNodes:
+    - path: /dev/nvidia0
+      hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia0
+    - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+      hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidiactl
+    - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel0
+      hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel0
+    - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel1
+      hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel1
+    - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel2047
+      hostPath: /host/driver/root/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel2047
+containerEdits:
+  env:
+  - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+  hooks:
+  - hookName: createContainer
+    path: {{ .toolkitRoot }}/nvidia-cdi-hook
+    args:
+    - nvidia-cdi-hook
+    - create-symlinks
+    - --link
+    - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+  - hookName: createContainer
+    path: {{ .toolkitRoot }}/nvidia-cdi-hook
+    args:
+    - nvidia-cdi-hook
+    - update-ldcache
+    - --folder
+    - /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
+  mounts:
+  - hostPath: /host/driver/root/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+    containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+    options:
+    - ro
+    - nosuid
+    - nodev
+    - bind
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		// hostRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", tc.hostRoot)
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testRoot := t.TempDir()
+			toolkitRoot := filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit-test")
+			cdiOutputDir := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "toolkit-test", "/var/cdi")
+			sourceRoot := filepath.Join(artifactRoot, tc.packageType)
+			options := Options{
+				DriverRoot:        "/host/driver/root",
+				DriverRootCtrPath: filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", tc.hostRoot),
+				CDI: cdiOptions{
+					Enabled:   tc.cdiEnabled,
+					outputDir: cdiOutputDir,
+					kind:      "example.com/class",
+				},
+			}
+
+			ti := NewInstaller(
+				WithLogger(logger),
+				WithToolkitRoot(toolkitRoot),
+				WithSourceRoot(sourceRoot),
+			)
+			require.NoError(t, ti.ValidateOptions(&options))
+
+			err := ti.Install(&cli.Context{}, &options)
+			if tc.expectedError == nil {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.Contains(t, err.Error(), tc.expectedError.Error())
+			}
+
+			require.DirExists(t, toolkitRoot)
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "libnvidia-container.so.1", "libnvidia-container.so.99.88.77")
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "libnvidia-container-go.so.1", "libnvidia-container-go.so.99.88.77")
+
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-cdi-hook")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-cli")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime-hook")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime.cdi")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-runtime.legacy")
+			requireWrappedExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-ctk")
+
+			requireSymlink(t, toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-toolkit", "nvidia-container-runtime-hook")
+
+			// TODO: Add checks for wrapper contents
+			// grep -q -E "nvidia driver modules are not yet loaded, invoking runc directly" "${shared_dir}/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+			// grep -q -E "exec runc \".@\"" "${shared_dir}/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+			require.DirExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config"))
+			require.DirExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime"))
+			require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime", "config.toml"))
+
+			cfgToml, err := config.New(config.WithConfigFile(filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, ".config", "nvidia-container-runtime", "config.toml")))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			cfg, err := cfgToml.Config()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Ensure that the config file has the required contents.
+			// TODO: Add checks for additional config options.
+			require.Equal(t, "/host/driver/root", cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Root)
+			require.Equal(t, "@/host/driver/root/sbin/ldconfig", string(cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Ldconfig))
+			require.EqualValues(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-container-cli"), cfg.NVIDIAContainerCLIConfig.Path)
+			require.EqualValues(t, filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "nvidia-ctk"), cfg.NVIDIACTKConfig.Path)
+
+			if len(tc.expectedCdiSpec) > 0 {
+				cdiSpecFile := filepath.Join(cdiOutputDir, "example.com-class.yaml")
+				require.FileExists(t, cdiSpecFile)
+				info, err := os.Stat(cdiSpecFile)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotZero(t, info.Mode()&0004)
+				contents, err := os.ReadFile(cdiSpecFile)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedCdiSpec, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(contents))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func requireWrappedExecutable(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedExecutable string) {
+	requireExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable)
+	requireExecutable(t, toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable+".real")
+}
+
+func requireExecutable(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedExecutable string) {
+	executable := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, expectedExecutable)
+	require.FileExists(t, executable)
+	info, err := os.Lstat(executable)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Zero(t, info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink)
+	require.NotZero(t, info.Mode()&0111)
+}
+
+func requireSymlink(t *testing.T, toolkitRoot string, expectedLink string, expectedTarget string) {
+	link := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, expectedLink)
+	require.FileExists(t, link)
+	target, err := symlinks.Resolve(link)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, expectedTarget, target)
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/main.go

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/runtime"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/tools/container/toolkit"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/runtime"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/container/toolkit"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ type options struct {
 	runtimeArgs string
 	root        string
 	pidFile     string
+	sourceRoot  string
 
 	toolkitOptions toolkit.Options
 	runtimeOptions runtime.Options
@@ -51,12 +52,46 @@ func (o options) toolkitRoot() string {
 var Version = "development"
 
 func main() {
-	remainingArgs, root, err := ParseArgs(os.Args)
+	logger := logger.New()
+
+	remainingArgs, root, err := ParseArgs(logger, os.Args)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Error: unable to parse arguments: %v", err)
+		logger.Errorf("Error: unable to parse arguments: %v", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
+	c := NewApp(logger, root)
+
+	// Run the CLI
+	logger.Infof("Starting %v", c.Name)
+	if err := c.Run(remainingArgs); err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("error running nvidia-toolkit: %v", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	logger.Infof("Completed %v", c.Name)
+}
+
+// An app represents the nvidia-ctk-installer.
+type app struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+	// defaultRoot stores the root to use if the --root flag is not specified.
+	defaultRoot string
+
+	toolkit *toolkit.Installer
+}
+
+// NewApp creates the CLI app fro the specified options.
+// defaultRoot is used as the root if not specified via the --root flag.
+func NewApp(logger logger.Interface, defaultRoot string) *cli.App {
+	a := app{
+		logger:      logger,
+		defaultRoot: defaultRoot,
+	}
+	return a.build()
+}
+
+func (a app) build() *cli.App {
 	options := options{
 		toolkitOptions: toolkit.Options{},
 	}
@@ -68,10 +103,10 @@ func main() {
 	c.Description = "DESTINATION points to the host path underneath which the nvidia-container-toolkit should be installed.\nIt will be installed at ${DESTINATION}/toolkit"
 	c.Version = Version
 	c.Before = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-		return validateFlags(ctx, &options)
+		return a.Before(ctx, &options)
 	}
 	c.Action = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-		return Run(ctx, &options)
+		return a.Run(ctx, &options)
 	}
 
 	// Setup flags for the CLI
@@ -102,11 +137,18 @@ func main() {
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "root",
-			Value:       root,
+			Value:       a.defaultRoot,
 			Usage:       "the folder where the NVIDIA Container Toolkit is to be installed. It will be installed to `ROOT`/toolkit",
 			Destination: &options.root,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"ROOT"},
 		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:        "source-root",
+			Value:       "/",
+			Usage:       "The folder where the required toolkit artifacts can be found",
+			Destination: &options.sourceRoot,
+			EnvVars:     []string{"SOURCE_ROOT"},
+		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "pid-file",
 			Value:       defaultPidFile,
@@ -119,41 +161,47 @@ func main() {
 	c.Flags = append(c.Flags, toolkit.Flags(&options.toolkitOptions)...)
 	c.Flags = append(c.Flags, runtime.Flags(&options.runtimeOptions)...)
 
-	// Run the CLI
-	log.Infof("Starting %v", c.Name)
-	if err := c.Run(remainingArgs); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("error running nvidia-toolkit: %v", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("Completed %v", c.Name)
+	return c
 }
 
-func validateFlags(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+func (a *app) Before(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	a.toolkit = toolkit.NewInstaller(
+		toolkit.WithLogger(a.logger),
+		toolkit.WithSourceRoot(o.sourceRoot),
+		toolkit.WithToolkitRoot(o.toolkitRoot()),
+	)
+	return a.validateFlags(c, o)
+}
+
+func (a *app) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	if o.root == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the install root must be specified")
+	}
+	if _, exists := availableRuntimes[o.runtime]; !exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown runtime: %v", o.runtime)
+	}
 	if filepath.Base(o.pidFile) != toolkitPidFilename {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid toolkit.pid path %v", o.pidFile)
 	}
-	if err := toolkit.ValidateOptions(&o.toolkitOptions, o.toolkitRoot()); err != nil {
+
+	if err := a.toolkit.ValidateOptions(&o.toolkitOptions); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := o.runtimeOptions.Validate(c, o.runtime, o.toolkitRoot(), &o.toolkitOptions); err != nil {
+	if err := runtime.ValidateOptions(c, &o.runtimeOptions, o.runtime, o.toolkitRoot(), &o.toolkitOptions); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Run runs the core logic of the CLI
-func Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
-	err := verifyFlags(o)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to verify flags: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = initialize(o.pidFile)
+// Run installs the NVIDIA Container Toolkit and updates the requested runtime.
+// If the application is run as a daemon, the application waits and unconfigures
+// the runtime on termination.
+func (a *app) Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
+	err := a.initialize(o.pidFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to initialize: %v", err)
 	}
-	defer shutdown(o.pidFile)
+	defer a.shutdown(o.pidFile)
 
 	if len(o.toolkitOptions.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes.Value()) == 0 {
 		lowlevelRuntimePaths, err := runtime.GetLowlevelRuntimePaths(&o.runtimeOptions, o.runtime)
@@ -164,7 +212,8 @@ func Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
 
 		o.toolkitOptions.ContainerRuntimeRuntimes = *cli.NewStringSlice(lowlevelRuntimePaths...)
 	}
-	err = toolkit.Install(c, &o.toolkitOptions, o.toolkitRoot())
+
+	err = a.toolkit.Install(c, &o.toolkitOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to install toolkit: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -175,7 +224,7 @@ func Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
 	}
 
 	if !o.noDaemon {
-		err = waitForSignal()
+		err = a.waitForSignal()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for signal: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -191,8 +240,8 @@ func Run(c *cli.Context, o *options) error {
 
 // ParseArgs checks if a single positional argument was defined and extracts this the root.
 // If no positional arguments are defined, it is assumed that the root is specified as a flag.
-func ParseArgs(args []string) ([]string, string, error) {
-	log.Infof("Parsing arguments")
+func ParseArgs(logger logger.Interface, args []string) ([]string, string, error) {
+	logger.Infof("Parsing arguments")
 
 	if len(args) < 2 {
 		return args, "", nil
@@ -217,20 +266,8 @@ func ParseArgs(args []string) ([]string, string, error) {
 	return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected positional argument(s) %v", args[2:lastPositionalArg+1])
 }
 
-func verifyFlags(o *options) error {
-	log.Infof("Verifying Flags")
-	if o.root == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("the install root must be specified")
-	}
-
-	if _, exists := availableRuntimes[o.runtime]; !exists {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unknown runtime: %v", o.runtime)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func initialize(pidFile string) error {
-	log.Infof("Initializing")
+func (a *app) initialize(pidFile string) error {
+	a.logger.Infof("Initializing")
 
 	if dir := filepath.Dir(pidFile); dir != "" {
 		err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755)
@@ -246,8 +283,8 @@ func initialize(pidFile string) error {
 
 	err = unix.Flock(int(f.Fd()), unix.LOCK_EX|unix.LOCK_NB)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warningf("Unable to get exclusive lock on '%v'", pidFile)
-		log.Warningf("This normally means an instance of the NVIDIA toolkit Container is already running, aborting")
+		a.logger.Warningf("Unable to get exclusive lock on '%v'", pidFile)
+		a.logger.Warningf("This normally means an instance of the NVIDIA toolkit Container is already running, aborting")
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get flock on pidfile: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -264,8 +301,8 @@ func initialize(pidFile string) error {
 		case <-waitingForSignal:
 			signalReceived <- true
 		default:
-			log.Infof("Signal received, exiting early")
-			shutdown(pidFile)
+			a.logger.Infof("Signal received, exiting early")
+			a.shutdown(pidFile)
 			os.Exit(0)
 		}
 	}()
@@ -273,18 +310,18 @@ func initialize(pidFile string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func waitForSignal() error {
-	log.Infof("Waiting for signal")
+func (a *app) waitForSignal() error {
+	a.logger.Infof("Waiting for signal")
 	waitingForSignal <- true
 	<-signalReceived
 	return nil
 }
 
-func shutdown(pidFile string) {
-	log.Infof("Shutting Down")
+func (a *app) shutdown(pidFile string) {
+	a.logger.Infof("Shutting Down")
 
 	err := os.Remove(pidFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warningf("Unable to remove pidfile: %v", err)
+		a.logger.Warningf("Unable to remove pidfile: %v", err)
 	}
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk-installer/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestParseArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	testCases := []struct {
+		args              []string
+		expectedRemaining []string
+		expectedRoot      string
+		expectedError     error
+	}{
+		{
+			args:              []string{},
+			expectedRemaining: []string{},
+			expectedRoot:      "",
+			expectedError:     nil,
+		},
+		{
+			args:              []string{"app"},
+			expectedRemaining: []string{"app"},
+		},
+		{
+			args:              []string{"app", "root"},
+			expectedRemaining: []string{"app"},
+			expectedRoot:      "root",
+		},
+		{
+			args:              []string{"app", "--flag"},
+			expectedRemaining: []string{"app", "--flag"},
+		},
+		{
+			args:              []string{"app", "root", "--flag"},
+			expectedRemaining: []string{"app", "--flag"},
+			expectedRoot:      "root",
+		},
+		{
+			args:          []string{"app", "root", "not-root", "--flag"},
+			expectedError: fmt.Errorf("unexpected positional argument(s) [not-root]"),
+		},
+		{
+			args:          []string{"app", "root", "not-root"},
+			expectedError: fmt.Errorf("unexpected positional argument(s) [not-root]"),
+		},
+		{
+			args:          []string{"app", "root", "not-root", "also"},
+			expectedError: fmt.Errorf("unexpected positional argument(s) [not-root also]"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
+			remaining, root, err := ParseArgs(logger, tc.args)
+			if tc.expectedError != nil {
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.expectedError.Error())
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+
+			require.ElementsMatch(t, tc.expectedRemaining, remaining)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedRoot, root)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "installer", "artifacts")
+	hostRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", "rootfs-1")
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description           string
+		args                  []string
+		expectedToolkitConfig string
+		expectedRuntimeConfig string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "no args",
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["docker-runc", "runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.jit-cdi]
+      load-kernel-modules = ["nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"]
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "CDI enabled enables CDI in docker",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["docker-runc", "runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.jit-cdi]
+      load-kernel-modules = ["nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"]
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "features": {
+        "cdi": true
+    },
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false overrides --cdi-enabled in Docker",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none", "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["docker-runc", "runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.jit-cdi]
+      load-kernel-modules = ["nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"]
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `{
+    "default-runtime": "nvidia",
+    "runtimes": {
+        "nvidia": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+        },
+        "nvidia-cdi": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+        },
+        "nvidia-legacy": {
+            "args": [],
+            "path": "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+        }
+    }
+}`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "CDI enabled enables CDI in containerd",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--runtime=containerd"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["docker-runc", "runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.jit-cdi]
+      load-kernel-modules = ["nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"]
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `version = 2
+
+[plugins]
+
+  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
+    enable_cdi = true
+
+    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
+      default_runtime_name = "nvidia"
+
+      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false overrides --cdi-enabled in containerd",
+			args:        []string{"--cdi-enabled", "--create-device-nodes=none", "--enable-cdi-in-runtime=false", "--runtime=containerd"},
+			expectedToolkitConfig: `accept-nvidia-visible-devices-as-volume-mounts = false
+accept-nvidia-visible-devices-envvar-when-unprivileged = true
+disable-require = false
+supported-driver-capabilities = "compat32,compute,display,graphics,ngx,utility,video"
+swarm-resource = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-cli]
+  debug = ""
+  environment = []
+  ldcache = ""
+  ldconfig = "@/run/nvidia/driver/sbin/ldconfig"
+  load-kmods = true
+  no-cgroups = false
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-cli"
+  root = "/run/nvidia/driver"
+  user = ""
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime]
+  debug = "/dev/null"
+  log-level = "info"
+  mode = "auto"
+  runtimes = ["docker-runc", "runc", "crun"]
+
+  [nvidia-container-runtime.modes]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi]
+      annotation-prefixes = ["cdi.k8s.io/"]
+      default-kind = "nvidia.com/gpu"
+      spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
+      mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
+
+    [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.jit-cdi]
+      load-kernel-modules = ["nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"]
+
+[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime-hook"
+  skip-mode-detection = true
+
+[nvidia-ctk]
+  path = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-ctk"
+`,
+			expectedRuntimeConfig: `version = 2
+
+[plugins]
+
+  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
+
+    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
+      default_runtime_name = "nvidia"
+
+      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-cdi.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.cdi"
+
+        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
+
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia-legacy.options]
+            BinaryName = "{{ .toolkitRoot }}/toolkit/nvidia-container-runtime.legacy"
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testRoot := t.TempDir()
+
+			cdiOutputDir := filepath.Join(testRoot, "/var/run/cdi")
+			runtimeConfigFile := filepath.Join(testRoot, "config.file")
+
+			toolkitRoot := filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit-test")
+			toolkitConfigFile := filepath.Join(toolkitRoot, "toolkit/.config/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml")
+
+			app := NewApp(logger, toolkitRoot)
+
+			testArgs := []string{
+				"nvidia-ctk-installer",
+				"--no-daemon",
+				"--cdi-output-dir=" + cdiOutputDir,
+				"--config=" + runtimeConfigFile,
+				"--create-device-nodes=none",
+				"--driver-root-ctr-path=" + hostRoot,
+				"--pid-file=" + filepath.Join(testRoot, "toolkit.pid"),
+				"--restart-mode=none",
+				"--source-root=" + filepath.Join(artifactRoot, "deb"),
+			}
+
+			err := app.Run(append(testArgs, tc.args...))
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.FileExists(t, toolkitConfigFile)
+			toolkitConfigFileContents, err := os.ReadFile(toolkitConfigFile)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedToolkitConfig, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(toolkitConfigFileContents))
+
+			require.FileExists(t, runtimeConfigFile)
+			runtimeConfigFileContents, err := os.ReadFile(runtimeConfigFile)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.EqualValues(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedRuntimeConfig, "{{ .toolkitRoot }}", toolkitRoot), string(runtimeConfigFileContents))
+		})
+	}
+
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/generate/generate.go

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	cdi "tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/platform-support/tegra/csv"
@@ -60,6 +62,9 @@ type options struct {
 		files          cli.StringSlice
 		ignorePatterns cli.StringSlice
 	}
+
+	// the following are used for dependency injection during spec generation.
+	nvmllib nvml.Interface
 }
 
 // NewCommand constructs a generate-cdi command with the specified logger
@@ -104,10 +109,12 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Destination: &opts.format,
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "mode",
-			Aliases:     []string{"discovery-mode"},
-			Usage:       "The mode to use when discovering the available entities. One of [auto | nvml | wsl]. If mode is set to 'auto' the mode will be determined based on the system configuration.",
-			Value:       nvcdi.ModeAuto,
+			Name:    "mode",
+			Aliases: []string{"discovery-mode"},
+			Usage: "The mode to use when discovering the available entities. " +
+				"One of [" + strings.Join(nvcdi.AllModes[string](), " | ") + "]. " +
+				"If mode is set to 'auto' the mode will be determined based on the system configuration.",
+			Value:       string(nvcdi.ModeAuto),
 			Destination: &opts.mode,
 		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
@@ -184,13 +191,7 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, opts *options) error {
 	}
 
 	opts.mode = strings.ToLower(opts.mode)
-	switch opts.mode {
-	case nvcdi.ModeAuto:
-	case nvcdi.ModeCSV:
-	case nvcdi.ModeNvml:
-	case nvcdi.ModeWsl:
-	case nvcdi.ModeManagement:
-	default:
+	if !nvcdi.IsValidMode(opts.mode) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid discovery mode: %v", opts.mode)
 	}
 
@@ -273,6 +274,8 @@ func (m command) generateSpec(opts *options) (spec.Interface, error) {
 		nvcdi.WithLibrarySearchPaths(opts.librarySearchPaths.Value()),
 		nvcdi.WithCSVFiles(opts.csv.files.Value()),
 		nvcdi.WithCSVIgnorePatterns(opts.csv.ignorePatterns.Value()),
+		// We set the following to allow for dependency injection:
+		nvcdi.WithNvmlLib(opts.nvmllib),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create CDI library: %v", err)

cmd/nvidia-ctk/cdi/generate/generate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package generate
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml/mock/dgxa100"
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestGenerateSpec(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	driverRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", "rootfs-1")
+
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	testCases := []struct {
+		description           string
+		options               options
+		expectedValidateError error
+		expectedOptions       options
+		expectedError         error
+		expectedSpec          string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "default",
+			options: options{
+				format:     "yaml",
+				mode:       "nvml",
+				vendor:     "example.com",
+				class:      "device",
+				driverRoot: driverRoot,
+			},
+			expectedOptions: options{
+				format:            "yaml",
+				mode:              "nvml",
+				vendor:            "example.com",
+				class:             "device",
+				nvidiaCDIHookPath: "/usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook",
+				driverRoot:        driverRoot,
+			},
+			expectedSpec: `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: example.com/device
+devices:
+- name: "0"
+  containerEdits:
+    deviceNodes:
+    - path: /dev/nvidia0
+      hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+- name: all
+  containerEdits:
+    deviceNodes:
+    - path: /dev/nvidia0
+      hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidia0
+containerEdits:
+  env:
+  - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+  deviceNodes:
+  - path: /dev/nvidiactl
+    hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/dev/nvidiactl
+  hooks:
+  - hookName: createContainer
+    path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+    args:
+    - nvidia-cdi-hook
+    - create-symlinks
+    - --link
+    - libcuda.so.1::/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
+  - hookName: createContainer
+    path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+    args:
+    - nvidia-cdi-hook
+    - enable-cuda-compat
+    - --host-driver-version=999.88.77
+  - hookName: createContainer
+    path: /usr/bin/nvidia-cdi-hook
+    args:
+    - nvidia-cdi-hook
+    - update-ldcache
+    - --folder
+    - /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
+  mounts:
+  - hostPath: {{ .driverRoot }}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+    containerPath: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.999.88.77
+    options:
+    - ro
+    - nosuid
+    - nodev
+    - bind
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := command{
+				logger: logger,
+			}
+
+			err := c.validateFlags(nil, &tc.options)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.expectedValidateError)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedOptions, tc.options)
+
+			// Set up a mock server, reusing the DGX A100 mock.
+			server := dgxa100.New()
+			// Override the driver version to match the version in our mock filesystem.
+			server.SystemGetDriverVersionFunc = func() (string, nvml.Return) {
+				return "999.88.77", nvml.SUCCESS
+			}
+			// Set the device count to 1 explicitly since we only have a single device node.
+			server.DeviceGetCountFunc = func() (int, nvml.Return) {
+				return 1, nvml.SUCCESS
+			}
+			for _, d := range server.Devices {
+				// TODO: This is not implemented in the mock.
+				(d.(*dgxa100.Device)).GetMaxMigDeviceCountFunc = func() (int, nvml.Return) {
+					return 0, nvml.SUCCESS
+				}
+			}
+			tc.options.nvmllib = server
+
+			spec, err := c.generateSpec(&tc.options)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.expectedError)
+
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			_, err = spec.WriteTo(&buf)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.Equal(t, strings.ReplaceAll(tc.expectedSpec, "{{ .driverRoot }}", driverRoot), buf.String())
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/nvidia-ctk/runtime/configure/configure.go

@@ -68,11 +68,12 @@ type config struct {
 	dryRun         bool
 	runtime        string
 	configFilePath string
-	executablePath string
 	configSource   string
 	mode           string
 	hookFilePath   string
 
+	runtimeConfigOverrideJSON string
+
 	nvidiaRuntime struct {
 		name         string
 		path         string
@@ -119,11 +120,6 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Usage:       "path to the config file for the target runtime",
 			Destination: &config.configFilePath,
 		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "executable-path",
-			Usage:       "The path to the runtime executable. This is used to extract the current config",
-			Destination: &config.executablePath,
-		},
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:        "config-mode",
 			Usage:       "the config mode for runtimes that support multiple configuration mechanisms",
@@ -212,9 +208,9 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(c *cli.Context, config *config) error {
 		config.cdi.enabled = false
 	}
 
-	if config.executablePath != "" && config.runtime == "docker" {
-		m.logger.Warningf("Ignoring executable-path=%q flag for %v", config.executablePath, config.runtime)
-		config.executablePath = ""
+	if config.runtimeConfigOverrideJSON != "" && config.runtime != "containerd" {
+		m.logger.Warningf("Ignoring runtime-config-override flag for %v", config.runtime)
+		config.runtimeConfigOverrideJSON = ""
 	}
 
 	switch config.configSource {
@@ -334,9 +330,9 @@ func (c *config) resolveConfigSource() (toml.Loader, error) {
 func (c *config) getCommandConfigSource() toml.Loader {
 	switch c.runtime {
 	case "containerd":
-		return containerd.CommandLineSource("", c.executablePath)
+		return containerd.CommandLineSource("")
 	case "crio":
-		return crio.CommandLineSource("", c.executablePath)
+		return crio.CommandLineSource("")
 	}
 	return toml.Empty
 }

cmd/nvidia-ctk/system/create-dev-char-symlinks/all.go

@@ -145,21 +145,9 @@ func (m allPossible) getGPUDeviceNodes(gpu int) []deviceNode {
 // getNVCapDeviceNodes generates a list of cap device nodes for a given GPU.
 func (m allPossible) getNVCapDeviceNodes(gpu int) []deviceNode {
 	var selectedCapMinors []nvcaps.MigMinor
-	for gi := 0; ; gi++ {
-		giCap := nvcaps.NewGPUInstanceCap(gpu, gi)
-		giMinor, exist := m.migCaps[giCap]
-		if !exist {
-			break
-		}
-		selectedCapMinors = append(selectedCapMinors, giMinor)
-		for ci := 0; ; ci++ {
-			ciCap := nvcaps.NewComputeInstanceCap(gpu, gi, ci)
-			ciMinor, exist := m.migCaps[ciCap]
-			if !exist {
-				break
-			}
-			selectedCapMinors = append(selectedCapMinors, ciMinor)
-		}
+
+	for _, capMinors := range m.migCaps.FilterForGPU(nvcaps.Index(gpu)) {
+		selectedCapMinors = append(selectedCapMinors, capMinors)
 	}
 
 	var deviceNodes []deviceNode

cmd/nvidia-ctk/system/create-dev-char-symlinks/create-dev-char-symlinks.go

@@ -19,12 +19,8 @@ package devchar
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"syscall"
 
-	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
@@ -44,7 +40,6 @@ type config struct {
 	devCharPath       string
 	driverRoot        string
 	dryRun            bool
-	watch             bool
 	createAll         bool
 	createDeviceNodes bool
 	loadKernelModules bool
@@ -89,13 +84,6 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 			Destination: &cfg.driverRoot,
 			EnvVars:     []string{"NVIDIA_DRIVER_ROOT", "DRIVER_ROOT"},
 		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:        "watch",
-			Usage:       "If set, the command will watch for changes to the driver root and recreate the symlinks when changes are detected.",
-			Value:       false,
-			Destination: &cfg.watch,
-			EnvVars:     []string{"WATCH"},
-		},
 		&cli.BoolFlag{
 			Name:        "create-all",
 			Usage:       "Create all possible /dev/char symlinks instead of limiting these to existing device nodes.",
@@ -127,7 +115,7 @@ func (m command) build() *cli.Command {
 }
 
 func (m command) validateFlags(r *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	if cfg.createAll && cfg.watch {
+	if cfg.createAll {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create-all and watch are mutually exclusive")
 	}
 
@@ -145,19 +133,6 @@ func (m command) validateFlags(r *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
 }
 
 func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
-	var watcher *fsnotify.Watcher
-	var sigs chan os.Signal
-
-	if cfg.watch {
-		watcher, err := newFSWatcher(filepath.Join(cfg.driverRoot, "dev"))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create FS watcher: %v", err)
-		}
-		defer watcher.Close()
-
-		sigs = newOSWatcher(syscall.SIGHUP, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGQUIT)
-	}
-
 	l, err := NewSymlinkCreator(
 		WithLogger(m.logger),
 		WithDevCharPath(cfg.devCharPath),
@@ -171,47 +146,11 @@ func (m command) run(c *cli.Context, cfg *config) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create symlink creator: %v", err)
 	}
 
-create:
 	err = l.CreateLinks()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create links: %v", err)
 	}
-	if !cfg.watch {
-		return nil
-	}
-	for {
-		select {
-
-		case event := <-watcher.Events:
-			deviceNode := filepath.Base(event.Name)
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(deviceNode, "nvidia") {
-				continue
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Create {
-				m.logger.Infof("%s created, restarting.", event.Name)
-				goto create
-			}
-			if event.Op&fsnotify.Create == fsnotify.Remove {
-				m.logger.Infof("%s removed. Ignoring", event.Name)
-
-			}
-
-		// Watch for any other fs errors and log them.
-		case err := <-watcher.Errors:
-			m.logger.Errorf("inotify: %s", err)
-
-		// React to signals
-		case s := <-sigs:
-			switch s {
-			case syscall.SIGHUP:
-				m.logger.Infof("Received SIGHUP, recreating symlinks.")
-				goto create
-			default:
-				m.logger.Infof("Received signal %q, shutting down.", s)
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 type linkCreator struct {
@@ -399,27 +338,3 @@ type deviceNode struct {
 func (d deviceNode) devCharName() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", d.major, d.minor)
 }
-
-func newFSWatcher(files ...string) (*fsnotify.Watcher, error) {
-	watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for _, f := range files {
-		err = watcher.Add(f)
-		if err != nil {
-			watcher.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return watcher, nil
-}
-
-func newOSWatcher(sigs ...os.Signal) chan os.Signal {
-	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(sigChan, sigs...)
-
-	return sigChan
-}

deployments/container/Dockerfile.packaging

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 ARG GOLANG_VERSION=x.x.x
 
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.9.1-base-ubuntu20.04
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubuntu20.04
 
 ARG ARTIFACTS_ROOT
 COPY ${ARTIFACTS_ROOT} /artifacts/packages/

deployments/container/Dockerfile.ubi8

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ARG GOLANG_VERSION=x.x.x
 ARG VERSION="N/A"
 
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.9.1-base-ubi8 as build
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubi8 AS build
 
 RUN yum install -y \
     wget make git gcc \
@@ -36,19 +36,18 @@ RUN set -eux; \
     | tar -C /usr/local -xz
 
 
-ENV GOPATH /go
-ENV PATH $GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
+ENV GOPATH=/go
+ENV PATH=$GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
 
 WORKDIR /build
 COPY . .
 
-# NOTE: Until the config utilities are properly integrated into the
-# nvidia-container-toolkit repository, these are built from the `tools` folder
-# and not `cmd`.
-RUN GOPATH=/artifacts go install -ldflags="-s -w -X 'main.Version=${VERSION}'" ./tools/...
+RUN mkdir /artifacts
+ARG VERSION="N/A"
+ARG GIT_COMMIT="unknown"
+RUN make PREFIX=/artifacts cmd-nvidia-ctk-installer
 
-
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.9.1-base-ubi8
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubi8
 
 ENV NVIDIA_DISABLE_REQUIRE="true"
 ENV NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
@@ -62,7 +61,8 @@ WORKDIR /artifacts/packages
 
 ARG PACKAGE_VERSION
 ARG TARGETARCH
-ENV PACKAGE_ARCH ${TARGETARCH}
+ENV PACKAGE_ARCH=${TARGETARCH}
+
 RUN PACKAGE_ARCH=${PACKAGE_ARCH/amd64/x86_64} && PACKAGE_ARCH=${PACKAGE_ARCH/arm64/aarch64} && \
     yum localinstall -y \
     ${PACKAGE_DIST}/${PACKAGE_ARCH}/libnvidia-container1-1.*.rpm \
@@ -71,10 +71,12 @@ RUN PACKAGE_ARCH=${PACKAGE_ARCH/amd64/x86_64} && PACKAGE_ARCH=${PACKAGE_ARCH/arm
 
 WORKDIR /work
 
-COPY --from=build /artifacts/bin /work
+COPY --from=build /artifacts/nvidia-ctk-installer /work/nvidia-ctk-installer
+RUN ln -s nvidia-ctk-installer nvidia-toolkit
 
 ENV PATH=/work:$PATH
 
+ARG VERSION
 LABEL io.k8s.display-name="NVIDIA Container Runtime Config"
 LABEL name="NVIDIA Container Runtime Config"
 LABEL vendor="NVIDIA"
@@ -85,4 +87,4 @@ LABEL description="See summary"
 
 RUN mkdir /licenses && mv /NGC-DL-CONTAINER-LICENSE /licenses/NGC-DL-CONTAINER-LICENSE
 
-ENTRYPOINT ["/work/nvidia-toolkit"]
+ENTRYPOINT ["/work/nvidia-ctk-installer"]

deployments/container/Dockerfile.ubuntu

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ARG GOLANG_VERSION=x.x.x
 ARG VERSION="N/A"
 
-FROM nvidia/cuda:12.9.1-base-ubuntu20.04 as build
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubuntu20.04 AS build
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y wget make git gcc \
@@ -35,19 +35,18 @@ RUN set -eux; \
     wget -nv -O - https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go${GOLANG_VERSION}.linux-${ARCH}.tar.gz \
     | tar -C /usr/local -xz
 
-ENV GOPATH /go
-ENV PATH $GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
+ENV GOPATH=/go
+ENV PATH=$GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
 
 WORKDIR /build
 COPY . .
 
-# NOTE: Until the config utilities are properly integrated into the
-# nvidia-container-toolkit repository, these are built from the `tools` folder
-# and not `cmd`.
-RUN GOPATH=/artifacts go install -ldflags="-s -w -X 'main.Version=${VERSION}'" ./tools/...
+RUN mkdir /artifacts
+ARG VERSION="N/A"
+ARG GIT_COMMIT="unknown"
+RUN make PREFIX=/artifacts cmd-nvidia-ctk-installer
 
-
-FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.9.1-base-ubuntu20.04
+FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubuntu20.04
 
 # Remove the CUDA repository configurations to avoid issues with rotated GPG keys
 RUN rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda.list
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ WORKDIR /artifacts/packages
 
 ARG PACKAGE_VERSION
 ARG TARGETARCH
-ENV PACKAGE_ARCH ${TARGETARCH}
+ENV PACKAGE_ARCH=${TARGETARCH}
 
 RUN dpkg -i \
     ${PACKAGE_DIST}/${PACKAGE_ARCH}/libnvidia-container1_1.*.deb \
@@ -80,10 +79,12 @@ RUN dpkg -i \
 
 WORKDIR /work
 
-COPY --from=build /artifacts/bin /work/
+COPY --from=build /artifacts/nvidia-ctk-installer /work/nvidia-ctk-installer
+RUN ln -s nvidia-ctk-installer nvidia-toolkit
 
 ENV PATH=/work:$PATH
 
+ARG VERSION
 LABEL io.k8s.display-name="NVIDIA Container Runtime Config"
 LABEL name="NVIDIA Container Runtime Config"
 LABEL vendor="NVIDIA"
@@ -94,4 +95,4 @@ LABEL description="See summary"
 
 RUN mkdir /licenses && mv /NGC-DL-CONTAINER-LICENSE /licenses/NGC-DL-CONTAINER-LICENSE
 
-ENTRYPOINT ["/work/nvidia-toolkit"]
+ENTRYPOINT ["/work/nvidia-ctk-installer"]

deployments/devel/Dockerfile

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 # This Dockerfile is also used to define the golang version used in this project
 # This allows dependabot to manage this version in addition to other images.
-FROM golang:1.23.10
+FROM golang:1.24.0
 
 WORKDIR /work
 COPY * .

deployments/devel/go.mod

@@ -1,60 +1,61 @@
 module github.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin/deployments/devel
 
-go 1.23
+go 1.24
 
-toolchain go1.23.1
+toolchain go1.24.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/golangci/golangci-lint v1.61.0
-	github.com/matryer/moq v0.5.0
+	github.com/golangci/golangci-lint v1.64.6
+	github.com/matryer/moq v0.5.3
 )
 
 require (
-	4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.2.1 // indirect
-	4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.3.4 // indirect
-	github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Antonboom/errname v0.1.13 // indirect
-	github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.4.3 // indirect
+	4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.3.0 // indirect
+	4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/errname v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c // indirect
-	github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Djarvur/go-err113 v0.0.0-20210108212216-aea10b59be24 // indirect
-	github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/OpenPeeDeeP/depguard/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.1.4 // indirect
-	github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/alexkohler/prealloc v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/alingse/asasalint v0.0.11 // indirect
+	github.com/alingse/nilnesserr v0.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/ashanbrown/forbidigo v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bkielbasa/cyclop v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bkielbasa/cyclop v1.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/blizzy78/varnamelen v0.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/bombsimon/wsl/v4 v4.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/breml/bidichk v0.2.7 // indirect
-	github.com/breml/errchkjson v0.3.6 // indirect
-	github.com/butuzov/ireturn v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/butuzov/mirror v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/catenacyber/perfsprint v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bombsimon/wsl/v4 v4.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/breml/bidichk v0.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/breml/errchkjson v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/butuzov/ireturn v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/butuzov/mirror v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/catenacyber/perfsprint v0.8.2 // indirect
 	github.com/ccojocar/zxcvbn-go v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/charithe/durationcheck v0.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/chavacava/garif v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ckaznocha/intrange v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/curioswitch/go-reassign v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ckaznocha/intrange v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/curioswitch/go-reassign v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/daixiang0/gci v0.13.5 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/denis-tingaikin/go-header v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ettle/strcase v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fatih/structtag v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/firefart/nonamedreturns v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fzipp/gocyclo v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ghostiam/protogetter v0.3.6 // indirect
-	github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.11.4 // indirect
+	github.com/ghostiam/protogetter v0.3.9 // indirect
+	github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astcast v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astcopy v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astequal v1.2.0 // indirect
@@ -62,66 +63,68 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/astp v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/strparse v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-toolsmith/typep v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/gobwas/glob v0.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
 	github.com/golangci/dupl v0.0.0-20180902072040-3e9179ac440a // indirect
-	github.com/golangci/gofmt v0.0.0-20240816233607-d8596aa466a9 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/go-printf-func-name v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/gofmt v0.0.0-20250106114630-d62b90e6713d // indirect
 	github.com/golangci/misspell v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/golangci/modinfo v0.3.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golangci/plugin-module-register v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/golangci/revgrep v0.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/revgrep v0.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golangci/unconvert v0.0.0-20240309020433-c5143eacb3ed // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gordonklaus/ineffassign v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gostaticanalysis/analysisutil v0.7.1 // indirect
-	github.com/gostaticanalysis/comment v1.4.2 // indirect
-	github.com/gostaticanalysis/forcetypeassert v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gostaticanalysis/comment v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gostaticanalysis/forcetypeassert v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gostaticanalysis/nilerr v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hexops/gotextdiff v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jgautheron/goconst v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jingyugao/rowserrcheck v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/jirfag/go-printf-func-name v0.0.0-20200119135958-7558a9eaa5af // indirect
-	github.com/jjti/go-spancheck v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/julz/importas v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/karamaru-alpha/copyloopvar v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/kkHAIKE/contextcheck v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/jjti/go-spancheck v0.6.4 // indirect
+	github.com/julz/importas v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/karamaru-alpha/copyloopvar v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/kkHAIKE/contextcheck v1.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/kulti/thelper v0.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/kunwardeep/paralleltest v1.0.10 // indirect
-	github.com/kyoh86/exportloopref v0.1.11 // indirect
-	github.com/lasiar/canonicalheader v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/ldez/gomoddirectives v0.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/ldez/tagliatelle v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lasiar/canonicalheader v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/exptostd v0.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/gomoddirectives v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/grignotin v0.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/tagliatelle v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/usetesting v0.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/leonklingele/grouper v1.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/lufeee/execinquery v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/macabu/inamedparam v0.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6 // indirect
 	github.com/maratori/testableexamples v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/maratori/testpackage v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/matoous/godox v0.0.0-20230222163458-006bad1f9d26 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
+	github.com/matoous/godox v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.9 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
 	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mgechev/revive v1.3.9 // indirect
+	github.com/mgechev/revive v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moricho/tparallel v0.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/nakabonne/nestif v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/nishanths/exhaustive v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/nishanths/predeclared v0.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/nunnatsa/ginkgolinter v0.16.2 // indirect
+	github.com/nunnatsa/ginkgolinter v0.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/polyfloyd/go-errorlint v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/polyfloyd/go-errorlint v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1 // indirect
@@ -131,62 +134,64 @@ require (
 	github.com/quasilyte/gogrep v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/quasilyte/regex/syntax v0.0.0-20210819130434-b3f0c404a727 // indirect
 	github.com/quasilyte/stdinfo v0.0.0-20220114132959-f7386bf02567 // indirect
+	github.com/raeperd/recvcheck v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ryancurrah/gomodguard v1.3.5 // indirect
 	github.com/ryanrolds/sqlclosecheck v0.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/sanposhiho/wastedassign/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sanposhiho/wastedassign/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sashamelentyev/interfacebloat v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sashamelentyev/usestdlibvars v1.27.0 // indirect
-	github.com/securego/gosec/v2 v2.21.2 // indirect
-	github.com/shazow/go-diff v0.0.0-20160112020656-b6b7b6733b8c // indirect
+	github.com/sashamelentyev/usestdlibvars v1.28.0 // indirect
+	github.com/securego/gosec/v2 v2.22.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
 	github.com/sivchari/containedctx v1.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.10.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sonatard/noctx v0.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sonatard/noctx v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sourcegraph/go-diff v0.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/afero v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ssgreg/nlreturn/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/stbenjam/no-sprintf-host-port v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/stbenjam/no-sprintf-host-port v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/tdakkota/asciicheck v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/tetafro/godot v1.4.17 // indirect
-	github.com/timakin/bodyclose v0.0.0-20230421092635-574207250966 // indirect
-	github.com/timonwong/loggercheck v0.9.4 // indirect
-	github.com/tomarrell/wrapcheck/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tdakkota/asciicheck v0.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tetafro/godot v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/timakin/bodyclose v0.0.0-20241017074812-ed6a65f985e3 // indirect
+	github.com/timonwong/loggercheck v0.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tomarrell/wrapcheck/v2 v2.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tommy-muehle/go-mnd/v2 v2.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/ultraware/funlen v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ultraware/whitespace v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/uudashr/gocognit v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/ultraware/funlen v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ultraware/whitespace v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/uudashr/gocognit v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/uudashr/iface v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/xen0n/gosmopolitan v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/yagipy/maintidx v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/yeya24/promlinter v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ykadowak/zerologlint v0.1.5 // indirect
 	gitlab.com/bosi/decorder v0.4.2 // indirect
-	go-simpler.org/musttag v0.12.2 // indirect
-	go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.7.2 // indirect
+	go-simpler.org/musttag v0.13.0 // indirect
+	go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.9.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240904232852-e7e105dedf7e // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20240314144324-c7f7c6466f7f // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20250210185358-939b2ce775ac // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.4 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	honnef.co/go/tools v0.5.1 // indirect
+	honnef.co/go/tools v0.6.0 // indirect
 	mvdan.cc/gofumpt v0.7.0 // indirect
 	mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20240528143540-8a5130ca722f // indirect
 )

deployments/devel/go.sum

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.2.1 h1:AHcMYuw56NPjq/2y615IGg2kYkBdTvOaojYCBcRE7MA=
-4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.2.1/go.mod h1:yjDJSxmDTtIHHCqX0ufRYZDL6vQtMG7tJdKVeWwsqvs=
-4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.1 h1:1eiorGsgHOFOuoOiJDy2psSrQbRdIHrlge0IJIkUgDc=
-4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.1/go.mod h1:KRE8wtJB3CXCsb1xy421JfTHIIbmT3U5ruxw2Qu8fSU=
+4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.3.0 h1:Ew5y5CtcAAQeTVKUVFrE7EwHMrTO6BggtEj8BZSjZ3A=
+4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.3.0/go.mod h1:ofsJ4zx2QAuIP/NO/NAh1ig6R1Fb18/GI7RVMwz7kAY=
+4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.2 h1:H1vdnwnMaZdQW/N+NrkT1SZMTBmcwHe9Vq8lJcYYTtU=
+4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.2/go.mod h1:lLxwTQjL5eIesRbvnzIP3jZtG140FnTdz+AlMa+ogt0=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.38.0/go.mod h1:990N+gfupTy94rShfmMCWGDn0LpTmnzTp2qbd1dvSRU=
@@ -35,79 +35,82 @@ cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.6.0/go.mod h1:N7U0C8pVQ/+NIKOBQyamJIeKQKkZ+mxpohl
 cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.8.0/go.mod h1:Wv1Oy7z6Yz3DshWRJFhqM/UCfaWIRTdp0RXyy7KQOVs=
 cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.10.0/go.mod h1:FLPqc6j+Ki4BU591ie1oL6qBQGu2Bl/tZ9ullr3+Kg0=
 dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20190408044501-666a987793e9/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
-github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.3.4 h1:P51VcvBnf04YkHzjfclN6BbsopfJR5rxs1n+5zHt+w8=
-github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.3.4/go.mod h1:M+pnkHH2vG8+qhE5bVc/zeP7HS/j910Fwa9TUSyZVI0=
-github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.1 h1:Bsxe0fIw6OwBtXMIncaTxCLHYO5BB+3mcsR5E8VXloY=
-github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.1/go.mod h1:B49AcJdTYYkpd4HjgAcutNGG9HZ2JWwKunH9Y2BA6sM=
-github.com/Antonboom/errname v0.1.13 h1:JHICqsewj/fNckzrfVSe+T33svwQxmjC+1ntDsHOVvM=
-github.com/Antonboom/errname v0.1.13/go.mod h1:uWyefRYRN54lBg6HseYCFhs6Qjcy41Y3Jl/dVhA87Ns=
-github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v0.1.9 h1:eKFMejSxPSA9eLSensFmjW2XTgTwJMjZ8hUHtV4s/SQ=
-github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v0.1.9/go.mod h1:iGe2rYwCq5/Me1khrysB4nwI7swQvjclR8/YRPl5ihQ=
-github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.4.3 h1:ohMt6AHuHgttaQ1xb6SSnxCeK4/rnK7KKzbvs7DmEck=
-github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.4.3/go.mod h1:+8Q9+AOLsz5ZiQiiYujJKs9mNz398+M6UgslP4qgJLA=
+github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.4.2 h1:0hcLHPGMjDyM1gHG58cS73aQF8J4TdVR96TZViorO9E=
+github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.4.2/go.mod h1:+p4aMyFM+ra7nb41CnFG6aSDXqRxU/w1VQqScKqDARI=
+github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.3 h1:9Pa1NuAsZvpFPi9Pqkd93I7LIYRURj+A//dFd5tgBeE=
+github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.3/go.mod h1:8VbB2t7e10KRNdwTVoxdBaxla6avbhGzb8sCTygUMhw=
+github.com/Antonboom/errname v1.0.0 h1:oJOOWR07vS1kRusl6YRSlat7HFnb3mSfMl6sDMRoTBA=
+github.com/Antonboom/errname v1.0.0/go.mod h1:gMOBFzK/vrTiXN9Oh+HFs+e6Ndl0eTFbtsRTSRdXyGI=
+github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v1.0.1 h1:C3Tkm0KUxgfO4Duk3PM+ztPncTFlOf0b2qadmS0s4xs=
+github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v1.0.1/go.mod h1:CH7pW2JsRNFgEh8B2UaPZTEPhCMuFowP/e8Udp9Nnb0=
+github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.5.2 h1:4s3Xhuv5AvdIgbd8wOOEeo0uZG7PbDKQyKY5lGoQazk=
+github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.5.2/go.mod h1:vxy8VJ0bc6NavlYqjZfmp6EfqXMtBgQ4+mhCojwC1P8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c h1:pxW6RcqyfI9/kWtOwnv/G+AzdKuy2ZrqINhenH4HyNs=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
 github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
-github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.5.2 h1:vhSEg8Gqng8awhPju2w7MKHqMlg4/NI+gSDHtR3xgwA=
-github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.5.2/go.mod h1:87XhRMaInHP44Q7Tlc7jkgKKB7kZAOPiDkFMdKCC+74=
+github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.7.1 h1:SC/VIbRRZQeQWj/TcQBS6JmrXcfA+BU4OGSVUt54PjM=
+github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.7.1/go.mod h1:1wMvv3NXEBJucFGfwOJBxSVWcoIO6emV215SMkW9MFU=
 github.com/Djarvur/go-err113 v0.0.0-20210108212216-aea10b59be24 h1:sHglBQTwgx+rWPdisA5ynNEsoARbiCBOyGcJM4/OzsM=
 github.com/Djarvur/go-err113 v0.0.0-20210108212216-aea10b59be24/go.mod h1:4UJr5HIiMZrwgkSPdsjy2uOQExX/WEILpIrO9UPGuXs=
-github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.0 h1:/fTUt5vmbkAcMBt4YQiuC23cV0kEsN1MVMNqeOW43cU=
-github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:ONJg5sxcbsdQQ4pOW8TGdTidT2TMAUy/2Xhr8mrYaao=
+github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.1 h1:Sz1JIXEcSfhz7fUi7xHnhpIE0thVASYjvosApmHuD2k=
+github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.1/go.mod h1:n/LSCXNuIYqVfBlVXyHfMQkZDdp1/mmxfSjADd3z1Zg=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 h1:B8LGeaivUe71a5qox1ICM/JLl0NqZSW5CHyL+hmvYS0=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:4V+yj/TJE1HU9XfppCwVMZq3I84lprf4nC11bSS5beM=
 github.com/OpenPeeDeeP/depguard/v2 v2.2.0 h1:vDfG60vDtIuf0MEOhmLlLLSzqaRM8EMcgJPdp74zmpA=
 github.com/OpenPeeDeeP/depguard/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:CIzddKRvLBC4Au5aYP/i3nyaWQ+ClszLIuVocRiCYFQ=
-github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.2.2 h1:Z/iVC0xZfWTaFNE6bA3z07T86hd45Xe2eLt6WVy2bbk=
-github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:pXcQ2Asjp247dahGEmsZ6ru0UVwnkhktn7S0bBDLxvQ=
-github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.1.4 h1:WCvlB3l5Vq5dZQTFmodqL2g68uHiSwwlWcT5a2FGK0c=
-github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.1.4/go.mod h1:WyYPfhfkdhyrdaligV6svFopZV8Lqdzn5pyVBaV6jhQ=
-github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.2.0 h1:HAzS41CIzNW5syS8Mf9UwXhNH1J9aix/BvDRf1Ml2Yk=
-github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.2.0/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
+github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.11.0 h1:2Q9r3ki8+JYXvGsDyBXwH3LcJ+WK5D0gc5E8vS6K3D0=
+github.com/alecthomas/assert/v2 v2.11.0/go.mod h1:Bze95FyfUr7x34QZrjL+XP+0qgp/zg8yS+TtBj1WA3k=
+github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.3.1 h1:u9aUvbGINJxLVXiFvHUlPEaD7VDULsrxJb4Aq31NLkU=
+github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.3.1/go.mod h1:A8TSiN3UPRw3laIgWEUOHHLPa6/r9MtoigdlP5h3K/E=
+github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0 h1:GhI2A8MACjfegCPVq9f1FLvIBS+DrQ2KQBFZP1iFzXc=
+github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
 github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20160405071501-a0175ee3bccc/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
 github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20190718012654-fb15b899a751/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20151022065526-2efee857e7cf/go.mod h1:ybxpYRFXyAe+OPACYpWeL0wqObRcbAqCMya13uyzqw0=
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20190717042225-c3de453c63f4/go.mod h1:ybxpYRFXyAe+OPACYpWeL0wqObRcbAqCMya13uyzqw0=
 github.com/alecthomas/units v0.0.0-20190924025748-f65c72e2690d/go.mod h1:rBZYJk541a8SKzHPHnH3zbiI+7dagKZ0cgpgrD7Fyho=
-github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.4 h1:yZuKmjqGi0pSmjGpOC016LtPJysIL0WEUiaXW5SUnNg=
-github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:bF5i0zF2Wo2o4X4USt9ntUWve6JbFv02Ff4vlkmS/VU=
+github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.5 h1:fP5qLgtwbx9EJE8dGEERT02YwS8En4r9nnZ71RK+EVU=
+github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.5/go.mod h1:bF5i0zF2Wo2o4X4USt9ntUWve6JbFv02Ff4vlkmS/VU=
 github.com/alexkohler/prealloc v1.0.0 h1:Hbq0/3fJPQhNkN0dR95AVrr6R7tou91y0uHG5pOcUuw=
 github.com/alexkohler/prealloc v1.0.0/go.mod h1:VetnK3dIgFBBKmg0YnD9F9x6Icjd+9cvfHR56wJVlKE=
 github.com/alingse/asasalint v0.0.11 h1:SFwnQXJ49Kx/1GghOFz1XGqHYKp21Kq1nHad/0WQRnw=
 github.com/alingse/asasalint v0.0.11/go.mod h1:nCaoMhw7a9kSJObvQyVzNTPBDbNpdocqrSP7t/cW5+I=
+github.com/alingse/nilnesserr v0.1.2 h1:Yf8Iwm3z2hUUrP4muWfW83DF4nE3r1xZ26fGWUKCZlo=
+github.com/alingse/nilnesserr v0.1.2/go.mod h1:1xJPrXonEtX7wyTq8Dytns5P2hNzoWymVUIaKm4HNFg=
 github.com/ashanbrown/forbidigo v1.6.0 h1:D3aewfM37Yb3pxHujIPSpTf6oQk9sc9WZi8gerOIVIY=
 github.com/ashanbrown/forbidigo v1.6.0/go.mod h1:Y8j9jy9ZYAEHXdu723cUlraTqbzjKF1MUyfOKL+AjcU=
-github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.1.1 h1:iCQ87C0V0vSyO+M9E/FZYbu65auqH0lnsOkf5FcB28s=
-github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.1.1/go.mod h1:i1bJLCRSCHOcOa9Y6MyF2FTfMZMFdHvxKHxgO5Z1axI=
+github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.2.0 h1:/2Lp1bypdmK9wDIq7uWBlDF1iMUpIIS4A+pF6C9IEUU=
+github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.2.0/go.mod h1:dxlPhHbDMC6N6xICzFBSK+4njQDdK8euNO0qjQMtGY4=
 github.com/benbjohnson/clock v1.1.0 h1:Q92kusRqC1XV2MjkWETPvjJVqKetz1OzxZB7mHJLju8=
 github.com/benbjohnson/clock v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J11/hYXuz8f4ySSvYwY0FKfm+ezbsZBKZxNJlLklBHA=
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@@ -115,13 +118,13 @@ github.com/chavacava/garif v0.1.0/go.mod h1:XMyYCkEL58DF0oyW4qDjjnPWONs2HBqYKI+U
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@@ -186,10 +191,10 @@ github.com/go-toolsmith/strparse v1.1.0 h1:GAioeZUK9TGxnLS+qfdqNbA4z0SSm5zVNtCQi
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@@ -226,18 +231,18 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 h1:KhyjKVUg7Usr/dYsdSqoFveMYd5ko72D+zANwlG1mmg
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@@ -254,8 +259,8 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.4/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/
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@@ -266,8 +271,8 @@ github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20200212024743-f11f1df84d12/go.mod h1:ZgVRPoUq/hf
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@@ -276,20 +281,27 @@ github.com/gordonklaus/ineffassign v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Qcp2HIAYhR7mNUVSIxZww3Guk4it
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@@ -301,10 +313,8 @@ github.com/jgautheron/goconst v1.7.1 h1:VpdAG7Ca7yvvJk5n8dMwQhfEZJh95kl/Hl9S1OI5
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@@ -314,15 +324,15 @@ github.com/jstemmer/go-junit-report v0.0.0-20190106144839-af01ea7f8024/go.mod h1
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@@ -357,23 +369,23 @@ github.com/maratori/testableexamples v1.0.0 h1:dU5alXRrD8WKSjOUnmJZuzdxWOEQ57+7s
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@@ -519,32 +535,34 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/
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@@ -564,10 +582,10 @@ gitlab.com/bosi/decorder v0.4.2 h1:qbQaV3zgwnBZ4zPMhGLW4KZe7A7NwxEhJx39R3shffo=
 gitlab.com/bosi/decorder v0.4.2/go.mod h1:muuhHoaJkA9QLcYHq4Mj8FJUwDZ+EirSHRiaTcTf6T8=
 go-simpler.org/assert v0.9.0 h1:PfpmcSvL7yAnWyChSjOz6Sp6m9j5lyK8Ok9pEL31YkQ=
 go-simpler.org/assert v0.9.0/go.mod h1:74Eqh5eI6vCK6Y5l3PI8ZYFXG4Sa+tkr70OIPJAUr28=
-go-simpler.org/musttag v0.12.2 h1:J7lRc2ysXOq7eM8rwaTYnNrHd5JwjppzB6mScysB2Cs=
-go-simpler.org/musttag v0.12.2/go.mod h1:uN1DVIasMTQKk6XSik7yrJoEysGtR2GRqvWnI9S7TYM=
-go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.7.2 h1:Wc9Em/Zeuu7JYpl+oKoYOsQSy2X560aVueCW/m6IijY=
-go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.7.2/go.mod h1:US+9C80ppl7VsThQclkM7BkCHQAzuz8kHLsW3ppuluo=
+go-simpler.org/musttag v0.13.0 h1:Q/YAW0AHvaoaIbsPj3bvEI5/QFP7w696IMUpnKXQfCE=
+go-simpler.org/musttag v0.13.0/go.mod h1:FTzIGeK6OkKlUDVpj0iQUXZLUO1Js9+mvykDQy9C5yM=
+go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.9.0 h1:/40NQtjRx9txvsB/RN022KsUJU+zaaSb/9q9BSefSrE=
+go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.9.0/go.mod h1:G/OrAF6uxj48sHahCzrbarVMptL2kjWTaUeC8+fOGww=
 go.opencensus.io v0.21.0/go.mod h1:mSImk1erAIZhrmZN+AvHh14ztQfjbGwt4TtuofqLduU=
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@@ -575,8 +593,8 @@ go.opencensus.io v0.22.3/go.mod h1:yxeiOL68Rb0Xd1ddK5vPZ/oVn4vY4Ynel7k9FzqtOIw=
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-go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3/go.mod h1:eRbA25aqJrxAbsLO0xy5jVwPt7FQnRgjW+efnwa1WM0=
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@@ -590,7 +608,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190605123033-f99c8df09eb5/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8U
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RecgLatLF4+eUMCP1PoPZQb+cVrJcOPbHkTkbkB9sbw=
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 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
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@@ -601,12 +620,12 @@ golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20191227195350-da58074b4299/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u0
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@@ -629,14 +648,15 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
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 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20181114220301-adae6a3d119a/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -671,12 +691,14 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96b
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210525063256-abc453219eb5/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20211015210444-4f30a5c0130f/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
-golang.org/x/net v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Cx3nUiGt4eDBEyega/BKRp+/AlGL8hYe7U9odMt2Cco=
 golang.org/x/net v0.2.0/go.mod h1:KqCZLdyyvdV855qA2rE3GC2aiw5xGR5TEjj8smXukLY=
-golang.org/x/net v0.5.0/go.mod h1:DivGGAXEgPSlEBzxGzZI+ZLohi+xUj054jfeKui00ws=
 golang.org/x/net v0.6.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
-golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
-golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
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 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@@ -696,8 +718,10 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201207232520-09787c993a3a/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 h1:3NFvSEYkUoMifnESzZl15y791HH1qU2xm6eCJU5ZPXQ=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.4.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0 h1:GGz8+XQP4FvTTrjZPzNKTMFtSXH80RAzG+5ghFPgK9w=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181116152217-5ac8a444bdc5/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
@@ -731,7 +755,6 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200625212154-ddb9806d33ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200803210538-64077c9b5642/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210119212857-b64e53b001e4/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -745,20 +768,22 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220412211240-33da011f77ad/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
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@@ -767,10 +792,12 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
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 golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
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@@ -780,7 +807,6 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190312151545-0bb0c0a6e846/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190312170243-e65039ee4138/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
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 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190425150028-36563e24a262/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
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@@ -788,10 +814,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190606124116-d0a3d012864b/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgw
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190621195816-6e04913cbbac/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgwSSTFct+R/Kf4OFW1sUzUTQQTgfc=
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@@ -822,20 +846,19 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200804011535-6c149bb5ef0d/go.mod h1:njjCfa9FT2d7l9Bc
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+golang.org/x/tools v0.7.0/go.mod h1:4pg6aUX35JBAogB10C9AtvVL+qowtN4pT3CGSQex14s=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.14.0/go.mod h1:uYBEerGOWcJyEORxN+Ek8+TT266gXkNlHdJBwexUsBg=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0 h1:BgcpHewrV5AUp2G9MebG4XPFI1E2W41zU1SaqVA9vJY=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0/go.mod h1:c347cR/OJfw5TI+GfX7RUPNMdDRRbjvYTS0jPyvsVtY=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -915,8 +938,8 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.24.0/go.mod h1:r/3tXBNzIEhYS9I1OUVjXDlt8tc493IdKGj
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0/go.mod h1:9JNX74DMeImyA3h4bdi1ymwjUzf21/xIlbajtzgsN7c=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.4 h1:6A3ZDJHn/eNqc1i+IdefRzy/9PokBTPvcqMySR7NNIM=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.4/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -943,8 +966,8 @@ honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWh
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.3/go.mod h1:X/FiERA/W4tHapMX5mGpAtMSVEeEUOyHaw9vFzvIQ3k=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.4/go.mod h1:X/FiERA/W4tHapMX5mGpAtMSVEeEUOyHaw9vFzvIQ3k=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.5.1 h1:4bH5o3b5ZULQ4UrBmP+63W9r7qIkqJClEA9ko5YKx+I=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.5.1/go.mod h1:e9irvo83WDG9/irijV44wr3tbhcFeRnfpVlRqVwpzMs=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.6.0 h1:TAODvD3knlq75WCp2nyGJtT4LeRV/o7NN9nYPeVJXf8=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:3puzxxljPCe8RGJX7BIy1plGbxEOZni5mR2aXe3/uk4=
 mvdan.cc/gofumpt v0.7.0 h1:bg91ttqXmi9y2xawvkuMXyvAA/1ZGJqYAEGjXuP0JXU=
 mvdan.cc/gofumpt v0.7.0/go.mod h1:txVFJy/Sc/mvaycET54pV8SW8gWxTlUuGHVEcncmNUo=
 mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20240528143540-8a5130ca722f h1:lMpcwN6GxNbWtbpI1+xzFLSW8XzX0u72NttUGVFjO3U=

go.mod

@@ -1,35 +1,33 @@
 module github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit
 
-go 1.22
+go 1.23.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.2
+	github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.1
 	github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.4-1
-	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0
-	github.com/moby/sys/reexec v0.1.0
 	github.com/moby/sys/symlink v0.3.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.2.6
+	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.2.5
 	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.5
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0
-	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v0.8.1
-	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v0.8.0
+	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.6
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0
+	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v1.0.0
+	tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v1.0.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools v0.9.1-0.20221107090550-2e043c6bd626 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.2 h1:7sy/NVUa4sM9FLKwH6CjBfHSWrJUmv8emVyxLTzjfOA=
-github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.2/go.mod h1:2Kh2kYSP5IJ8EKf0/SYDzHiQKb9EJkwOf2LQzu6pXzY=
+github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.1 h1:7HHPZxoCjSLm1NgaRRjuhI8ffMCpc5Vgpg5yxQYUff8=
+github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib v0.7.1/go.mod h1:2Kh2kYSP5IJ8EKf0/SYDzHiQKb9EJkwOf2LQzu6pXzY=
 github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.4-1 h1:WKUvqshhWSNTfm47ETRhv0A0zJyr1ncCuHiXwoTrBEc=
 github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml v0.12.4-1/go.mod h1:8Llmj+1Rr+9VGGwZuRer5N/aCjxGuR5nPb/9ebBiIEQ=
 github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0 h1:1PFHFE6yCCTv8C1TeyNNarDzntLi7wMI5i/pzqYIsAM=
@@ -30,13 +30,11 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/mndrix/tap-go v0.0.0-20171203230836-629fa407e90b/go.mod h1:pzzDgJWZ34fGzaAZGFW22KVZDfyrYW+QABMrWnJBnSs=
-github.com/moby/sys/reexec v0.1.0 h1:RrBi8e0EBTLEgfruBOFcxtElzRGTEUkeIFaVXgU7wok=
-github.com/moby/sys/reexec v0.1.0/go.mod h1:EqjBg8F3X7iZe5pU6nRZnYCMUTXoxsjiIfHup5wYIN8=
 github.com/moby/sys/symlink v0.3.0 h1:GZX89mEZ9u53f97npBy4Rc3vJKj7JBDj/PN2I22GrNU=
 github.com/moby/sys/symlink v0.3.0/go.mod h1:3eNdhduHmYPcgsJtZXW1W4XUJdZGBIkttZ8xKqPUJq0=
 github.com/mrunalp/fileutils v0.5.0/go.mod h1:M1WthSahJixYnrXQl/DFQuteStB1weuxD2QJNHXfbSQ=
-github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.2.6 h1:P7Hqg40bsMvQGCS4S7DJYhUZOISMLJOB2iGX5COWiPk=
-github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.2.6/go.mod h1:dOQeFo29xZKBNeRBI0B19mJtfHv68YgCTh1X+YphA+4=
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.2.5 h1:8KAkq3Wrem8bApgOHyhRI/8IeLXIfmZ6Qaw6DNSLnA4=
+github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.2.5/go.mod h1:dOQeFo29xZKBNeRBI0B19mJtfHv68YgCTh1X+YphA+4=
 github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.3-0.20220825212826-86290f6a00fb/go.mod h1:jwyrGlmzljRJv/Fgzds9SsS/C5hL+LL3ko9hs6T5lQ0=
 github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1 h1:S4k4ryNgEpxW1dzyqffOmhI1BHYcjzU8lpJfSlR0xww=
 github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.2.1/go.mod h1:jwyrGlmzljRJv/Fgzds9SsS/C5hL+LL3ko9hs6T5lQ0=
@@ -50,9 +48,8 @@ github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.9.5/go.mod h1:u1nR/EPcESfeI/szUZKdtJ0xRNbUoANCko
 github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 h1:73kH8U+JUqXU8lRuOHeVHaa/SZPifC7BkcraZVejAe8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 h1:cWPaGQEPrBb5/AsnsZesgZZ9yb1OQ+GOISoDNXVBh4M=
-github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0/go.mod h1:ddIwULY96R17DhadqLgMfk9H9tvdUzkipdSkR5nkCZA=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 h1:JIOH55/0cWyOuilr9/qlrm0BSXldqnqwMsf35Ld67mk=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1/go.mod h1:yWOB1SBYBC5VeMP7gHvWumXLIWorT60ONWic61uBYv0=
@@ -67,8 +64,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf
 github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635 h1:kdXcSzyDtseVEc4yCz2qF8ZrQvIDBJLl4S1c3GCXmoI=
 github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20200815063812-42c35b437635/go.mod h1:hkRG7XYTFWNJGYcbNJQlaLq0fg1yr4J4t/NcTQtrfww=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.19.1/go.mod h1:70zkFmudgCuE/ngEzBv17Jvp/497gISqfk5gWijbERA=
-github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.5 h1:WoHEJLdsXr6dDWoJgMq/CboDmyY/8HMMH1fTECbih+w=
-github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.5/go.mod h1:3Sevf16NykTbInEnD0yKkjDAeZDS0A6bzhBH5hrMvTQ=
+github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.6 h1:VdRdS98FNhKZ8/Az8B7MTyGQmpIr36O1EHybx/LaZ4g=
+github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.6/go.mod h1:3Sevf16NykTbInEnD0yKkjDAeZDS0A6bzhBH5hrMvTQ=
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20180127040702-4e3ac2762d5f/go.mod h1:N2zxlSyiKSe5eX1tZViRH5QA0qijqEDrYZiPEAiq3wU=
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb h1:zGWFAtiMcyryUHoUjUJX0/lt1H2+i2Ka2n+D3DImSNo=
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb/go.mod h1:N2zxlSyiKSe5eX1tZViRH5QA0qijqEDrYZiPEAiq3wU=
@@ -78,13 +75,13 @@ github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 h1:LhYJRs+L4fBtjZUfuSZIKGeVu0QRy8e5Xi7D17
 github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0/go.mod h1:anYRn/JVcOK2ZgGU+IjEV4nwlhoK5sQluxsYJ78Id3Y=
 github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1 h1:gEOO8jv9F4OT7lGCjxCBTO/36wtF6j2nSip77qHd4x4=
 github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1/go.mod h1:Ohn+xnUBiLI6FVj/9LpzZWtj1/D6lUovWYBkxHVV3aM=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0 h1:utOm6MM3R3dnawAiJgn0y+xvuYRsm1RKM/4giyfDgV0=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 h1:ZfthKaKaT4NrhGVZHO1/WDTwGES4De8KtWO0SIbNJMU=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0/go.mod h1:IXM97Txy2VM4PJ3gI61r1YEk/gAj6zAHN3AdZt6S9Ww=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191026070338-33540a1f6037/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191115151921-52ab43148777/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0 h1:Fksou7UEQUWlKvIdsqzJmUmCX3cZuD2+P3XyyzwMhlA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 h1:ioabZlmFYtWhL+TRYpcnNlLwhyxaM9kWTDEmfnprqik=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
@@ -95,7 +92,7 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0 h1:a2VclLzOGrwOHDiV8EfBGhvjHvP46CtW5j6POvhYGGo=
 sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0/go.mod h1:GeOyir5tyXNByN85N/dRIT9es5UQNerPYEKK56eTBm8=
-tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v0.8.1 h1:c0jN4Mt6781jD67NdPajmZlD1qrqQyov/Xfoab37lj0=
-tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v0.8.1/go.mod h1:Apb7N4VdILW0EVdEMRYXIDVRZfNJZ+kmEUss2kRRQ6Y=
-tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v0.8.0 h1:QYGFzGxvYK/ZLMrjhvY0RjpUavIn4KcmRmVP/JjdBTA=
-tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v0.8.0/go.mod h1:BhJIkjjPh4qpys+qm4DAYtUyryaTDg9zris+AczXyws=
+tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v1.0.0 h1:fbwPQiWZNpXUb9Os6t6JW52rsOppTFUbeJOpNtN1TmI=
+tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface v1.0.0/go.mod h1:mmi2aRGmOjK/6NR3TXjLpEIarOJ9qwgZjQ3nTIRwAaA=
+tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v1.0.0 h1:8gLw29hH1ZQP9K1YtAzpvkHCjjyIxHZYzBAvlQ+0vD8=
+tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go v1.0.0/go.mod h1:u86hoFWqnh3hWz3esofRFKbI261bUlvUfLKGrDhJkgQ=

internal/config/config.go

@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ func GetDefault() (*Config, error) {
 					AnnotationPrefixes: []string{cdi.AnnotationPrefix},
 					SpecDirs:           cdi.DefaultSpecDirs,
 				},
-				Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
-					CUDACompatMode: defaultCUDACompatMode,
+				JitCDI: jitCDIModeConfig{
+					LoadKernelModules: []string{"nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"},
 				},
 			},
 		},

internal/config/config_test.go

@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 							AnnotationPrefixes: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/"},
 							SpecDirs:           []string{"/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"},
 						},
-						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
-							CUDACompatMode: "ldconfig",
+						JitCDI: jitCDIModeConfig{
+							LoadKernelModules: []string{"nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"nvidia-container-cli.load-kmods = false",
 				"nvidia-container-cli.ldconfig = \"@/foo/bar/ldconfig\"",
 				"nvidia-container-cli.user = \"foo:bar\"",
-				"nvidia-container-cli.cuda-compat-mode = \"mount\"",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.debug = \"/foo/bar\"",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.discover-mode = \"not-legacy\"",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.log-level = \"debug\"",
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi.annotation-prefixes = [\"cdi.k8s.io/\", \"example.vendor.com/\",]",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.cdi.spec-dirs = [\"/except/etc/cdi\", \"/not/var/run/cdi\",]",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv.mount-spec-path = \"/not/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d\"",
-				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy.cuda-compat-mode = \"mount\"",
+				"nvidia-container-runtime.modes.jit-cdi.load-kernel-modules = [\"foo\"]",
 				"nvidia-container-runtime-hook.path = \"/foo/bar/nvidia-container-runtime-hook\"",
 				"nvidia-ctk.path = \"/foo/bar/nvidia-ctk\"",
 			},
@@ -139,8 +138,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 								"/not/var/run/cdi",
 							},
 						},
-						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
-							CUDACompatMode: "mount",
+						JitCDI: jitCDIModeConfig{
+							LoadKernelModules: []string{"foo"},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -186,8 +185,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 								"/var/run/cdi",
 							},
 						},
-						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
-							CUDACompatMode: "ldconfig",
+						JitCDI: jitCDIModeConfig{
+							LoadKernelModules: []string{"nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -211,7 +210,6 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"root = \"/bar/baz\"",
 				"load-kmods = false",
 				"ldconfig = \"@/foo/bar/ldconfig\"",
-				"cuda-compat-mode = \"mount\"",
 				"user = \"foo:bar\"",
 				"[nvidia-container-runtime]",
 				"debug = \"/foo/bar\"",
@@ -225,8 +223,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"spec-dirs = [\"/except/etc/cdi\", \"/not/var/run/cdi\",]",
 				"[nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]",
 				"mount-spec-path = \"/not/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d\"",
-				"[nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]",
-				"cuda-compat-mode = \"mount\"",
+				"[nvidia-container-runtime.modes.jit-cdi]",
+				"load-kernel-modules = [\"foo\"]",
 				"[nvidia-container-runtime-hook]",
 				"path = \"/foo/bar/nvidia-container-runtime-hook\"",
 				"[nvidia-ctk]",
@@ -261,8 +259,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 								"/not/var/run/cdi",
 							},
 						},
-						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
-							CUDACompatMode: "mount",
+						JitCDI: jitCDIModeConfig{
+							LoadKernelModules: []string{"foo"},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -300,8 +298,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 							AnnotationPrefixes: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/"},
 							SpecDirs:           []string{"/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"},
 						},
-						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
-							CUDACompatMode: "ldconfig",
+						JitCDI: jitCDIModeConfig{
+							LoadKernelModules: []string{"nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -342,8 +340,8 @@ func TestGetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 							AnnotationPrefixes: []string{"cdi.k8s.io/"},
 							SpecDirs:           []string{"/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"},
 						},
-						Legacy: legacyModeConfig{
-							CUDACompatMode: "ldconfig",
+						JitCDI: jitCDIModeConfig{
+							LoadKernelModules: []string{"nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"},
 						},
 					},
 				},

internal/config/features.go

@@ -41,9 +41,6 @@ type features struct {
 	// access to an IMEX channel by simply specifying an environment variable,
 	// possibly bypassing other checks by an orchestration system such as
 	// kubernetes.
-	// Note that this is not enabled by default to maintain backward compatibility
-	// with the existing behaviour when the NVIDIA Container Toolkit is used in
-	// non-kubernetes environments.
 	IgnoreImexChannelRequests *feature `toml:"ignore-imex-channel-requests,omitempty"`
 }
 

internal/config/runtime.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ type RuntimeConfig struct {
 type modesConfig struct {
 	CSV    csvModeConfig    `toml:"csv"`
 	CDI    cdiModeConfig    `toml:"cdi"`
-	Legacy legacyModeConfig `toml:"legacy"`
+	JitCDI jitCDIModeConfig `toml:"jit-cdi"`
 }
 
 type cdiModeConfig struct {
@@ -47,30 +47,10 @@ type csvModeConfig struct {
 	MountSpecPath string `toml:"mount-spec-path"`
 }
 
-type legacyModeConfig struct {
-	// CUDACompatMode sets the mode to be used to make CUDA Forward Compat
-	// libraries discoverable in the container.
-	CUDACompatMode cudaCompatMode `toml:"cuda-compat-mode,omitempty"`
+type jitCDIModeConfig struct {
+	// LoadKernelModules defines the names of the kernel modules that should be
+	// loaded before generating a just-in-time CDI specification.
+	// The module names must start with `nvidia` and if no modules are specified
+	// no kernel modules are loaded.
+	LoadKernelModules []string `toml:"load-kernel-modules"`
 }
-
-type cudaCompatMode string
-
-const (
-	defaultCUDACompatMode = CUDACompatModeLdconfig
-	// CUDACompatModeDisabled explicitly disables the handling of CUDA Forward
-	// Compatibility in the NVIDIA Container Runtime and NVIDIA Container
-	// Runtime Hook.
-	CUDACompatModeDisabled = cudaCompatMode("disabled")
-	// CUDACompatModeHook uses a container lifecycle hook to implement CUDA
-	// Forward Compatibility support. This requires the use of the NVIDIA
-	// Container Runtime and is not compatible with use cases where only the
-	// NVIDIA Container Runtime Hook is used (e.g. the Docker --gpus flag).
-	CUDACompatModeHook = cudaCompatMode("hook")
-	// CUDACompatModeLdconfig adds the folders containing CUDA Forward Compat
-	// libraries to the ldconfig command invoked from the NVIDIA Container
-	// Runtime Hook.
-	CUDACompatModeLdconfig = cudaCompatMode("ldconfig")
-	// CUDACompatModeMount mounts CUDA Forward Compat folders from the container
-	// to the container when using the NVIDIA Container Runtime Hook.
-	CUDACompatModeMount = cudaCompatMode("mount")
-)

internal/config/toml_test.go

@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ spec-dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
 [nvidia-container-runtime.modes.csv]
 mount-spec-path = "/etc/nvidia-container-runtime/host-files-for-container.d"
 
-[nvidia-container-runtime.modes.legacy]
-cuda-compat-mode = "ldconfig"
+[nvidia-container-runtime.modes.jit-cdi]
+load-kernel-modules = ["nvidia", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-modeset"]
 
 [nvidia-container-runtime-hook]
 path = "nvidia-container-runtime-hook"

internal/discover/discover.go

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ type Hook struct {
 	Lifecycle string
 	Path      string
 	Args      []string
-	Env       []string
 }
 
 // Discover defines an interface for discovering the devices, mounts, and hooks available on a system

internal/discover/graphics_test.go

@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ func TestGraphicsLibrariesDiscoverer(t *testing.T) {
 					Args: []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks",
 						"--link", "../libnvidia-allocator.so.1::/usr/lib64/gbm/nvidia-drm_gbm.so",
 					},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@ func TestGraphicsLibrariesDiscoverer(t *testing.T) {
 					Args: []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks",
 						"--link", "libnvidia-vulkan-producer.so.123.45.67::/usr/lib64/libnvidia-vulkan-producer.so",
 					},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -130,7 +128,6 @@ func TestGraphicsLibrariesDiscoverer(t *testing.T) {
 						"--link", "../libnvidia-allocator.so.1::/usr/lib64/gbm/nvidia-drm_gbm.so",
 						"--link", "libnvidia-vulkan-producer.so.123.45.67::/usr/lib64/libnvidia-vulkan-producer.so",
 					},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},

internal/discover/hooks.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package discover
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
@@ -70,7 +69,6 @@ func (c cdiHook) Create(name string, args ...string) Hook {
 		Lifecycle: cdi.CreateContainerHook,
 		Path:      string(c),
 		Args:      append(c.requiredArgs(name), args...),
-		Env:       []string{fmt.Sprintf("NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=%v", false)},
 	}
 }
 func (c cdiHook) requiredArgs(name string) []string {

internal/discover/ldconfig_test.go

@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ func TestLDCacheUpdateHook(t *testing.T) {
 				Path:      testNvidiaCDIHookPath,
 				Args:      tc.expectedArgs,
 				Lifecycle: "createContainer",
-				Env:       []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 			}
 
 			d, err := NewLDCacheUpdateHook(logger, mountMock, testNvidiaCDIHookPath, tc.ldconfigPath)

internal/discover/list.go

@@ -21,28 +21,26 @@ import "fmt"
 // list is a discoverer that contains a list of Discoverers. The output of the
 // Mounts functions is the concatenation of the output for each of the
 // elements in the list.
-type list []Discover
+type list struct {
+	discoverers []Discover
+}
 
 var _ Discover = (*list)(nil)
 
 // Merge creates a discoverer that is the composite of a list of discoverers.
-func Merge(discoverers ...Discover) Discover {
-	var l list
-	for _, d := range discoverers {
-		if d == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		l = append(l, d)
+func Merge(d ...Discover) Discover {
+	l := list{
+		discoverers: d,
 	}
 
-	return l
+	return &l
 }
 
 // Devices returns all devices from the included discoverers
 func (d list) Devices() ([]Device, error) {
 	var allDevices []Device
 
-	for i, di := range d {
+	for i, di := range d.discoverers {
 		devices, err := di.Devices()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error discovering devices for discoverer %v: %v", i, err)
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ func (d list) Devices() ([]Device, error) {
 func (d list) Mounts() ([]Mount, error) {
 	var allMounts []Mount
 
-	for i, di := range d {
+	for i, di := range d.discoverers {
 		mounts, err := di.Mounts()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error discovering mounts for discoverer %v: %v", i, err)
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ func (d list) Mounts() ([]Mount, error) {
 func (d list) Hooks() ([]Hook, error) {
 	var allHooks []Hook
 
-	for i, di := range d {
+	for i, di := range d.discoverers {
 		hooks, err := di.Hooks()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error discovering hooks for discoverer %v: %v", i, err)

internal/discover/mounts.go

@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ func (d *mounts) Mounts() ([]Mount, error) {
 	d.Lock()
 	defer d.Unlock()
 
-	var mounts []Mount
-	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	uniqueMounts := make(map[string]Mount)
+
 	for _, candidate := range d.required {
 		d.logger.Debugf("Locating %v", candidate)
 		located, err := d.lookup.Locate(candidate)
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (d *mounts) Mounts() ([]Mount, error) {
 		}
 		d.logger.Debugf("Located %v as %v", candidate, located)
 		for _, p := range located {
-			if seen[p] {
+			if _, ok := uniqueMounts[p]; ok {
 				d.logger.Debugf("Skipping duplicate mount %v", p)
 				continue
 			}
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func (d *mounts) Mounts() ([]Mount, error) {
 			}
 
 			d.logger.Infof("Selecting %v as %v", p, r)
-			mount := Mount{
+			uniqueMounts[p] = Mount{
 				HostPath: p,
 				Path:     r,
 				Options: []string{
@@ -105,11 +105,14 @@ func (d *mounts) Mounts() ([]Mount, error) {
 					"bind",
 				},
 			}
-			mounts = append(mounts, mount)
-			seen[p] = true
 		}
 	}
 
+	var mounts []Mount
+	for _, m := range uniqueMounts {
+		mounts = append(mounts, m)
+	}
+
 	d.cache = mounts
 
 	return d.cache, nil

internal/discover/mounts_test.go

@@ -44,14 +44,13 @@ func TestMounts(t *testing.T) {
 		"bind",
 	}
 
-	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+	logger, logHook := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 
 	testCases := []struct {
 		description    string
 		expectedError  error
 		expectedMounts []Mount
 		input          *mounts
-		repeat         int
 	}{
 		{
 			description:   "nill lookup returns error",
@@ -160,68 +159,31 @@ func TestMounts(t *testing.T) {
 				{Path: "/located", HostPath: "/some/root/located", Options: mountOptions},
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			description: "multiple mounts ordering",
-			input: &mounts{
-				lookup: &lookup.LocatorMock{
-					LocateFunc: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
-						return []string{
-							"first",
-							"second",
-							"third",
-							"fourth",
-							"second",
-							"second",
-							"second",
-							"fifth",
-							"sixth"}, nil
-					},
-				},
-				required: []string{""},
-			},
-			expectedMounts: []Mount{
-				{Path: "first", HostPath: "first", Options: mountOptions},
-				{Path: "second", HostPath: "second", Options: mountOptions},
-				{Path: "third", HostPath: "third", Options: mountOptions},
-				{Path: "fourth", HostPath: "fourth", Options: mountOptions},
-				{Path: "fifth", HostPath: "fifth", Options: mountOptions},
-				{Path: "sixth", HostPath: "sixth", Options: mountOptions},
-			},
-			repeat: 10,
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		for i := 1; ; i++ {
-			test_name := tc.description
-			if tc.repeat > 1 {
-				test_name += fmt.Sprintf("/%d", i)
-			}
-			success := t.Run(test_name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				tc.input.logger = logger
-				mounts, err := tc.input.Mounts()
+		logHook.Reset()
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc.input.logger = logger
+			mounts, err := tc.input.Mounts()
 
-				if tc.expectedError != nil {
-					require.Error(t, err)
-				} else {
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-				}
-				require.EqualValues(t, tc.expectedMounts, mounts)
-
-				// We check that the mock is called for each element of required
-				if i == 1 && tc.input.lookup != nil {
-					mock := tc.input.lookup.(*lookup.LocatorMock)
-					require.Len(t, mock.LocateCalls(), len(tc.input.required))
-					var args []string
-					for _, c := range mock.LocateCalls() {
-						args = append(args, c.S)
-					}
-					require.EqualValues(t, args, tc.input.required)
-				}
-			})
-			if !success || i >= tc.repeat {
-				break
+			if tc.expectedError != nil {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
-		}
+			require.ElementsMatch(t, tc.expectedMounts, mounts)
+
+			// We check that the mock is called for each element of required
+			if tc.input.lookup != nil {
+				mock := tc.input.lookup.(*lookup.LocatorMock)
+				require.Len(t, mock.LocateCalls(), len(tc.input.required))
+				var args []string
+				for _, c := range mock.LocateCalls() {
+					args = append(args, c.S)
+				}
+				require.EqualValues(t, args, tc.input.required)
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }

internal/discover/symlinks_test.go

@@ -115,7 +115,6 @@ func TestWithWithDriverDotSoSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
 					Lifecycle: "createContainer",
 					Path:      "/path/to/nvidia-cdi-hook",
 					Args:      []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks", "--link", "libcuda.so.1::/usr/lib/libcuda.so"},
-					Env:       []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -148,7 +147,6 @@ func TestWithWithDriverDotSoSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
 					Lifecycle: "createContainer",
 					Path:      "/path/to/nvidia-cdi-hook",
 					Args:      []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks", "--link", "libcuda.so.1::/usr/lib/libcuda.so"},
-					Env:       []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -180,7 +178,6 @@ func TestWithWithDriverDotSoSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
 					Lifecycle: "createContainer",
 					Path:      "/path/to/nvidia-cdi-hook",
 					Args:      []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks", "--link", "libcuda.so.1::/usr/lib/libcuda.so"},
-					Env:       []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -250,7 +247,6 @@ func TestWithWithDriverDotSoSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
 					Lifecycle: "createContainer",
 					Path:      "/path/to/nvidia-cdi-hook",
 					Args:      []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks", "--link", "libcuda.so.1::/usr/lib/libcuda.so"},
-					Env:       []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -305,7 +301,6 @@ func TestWithWithDriverDotSoSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
 						"--link", "libGLX_nvidia.so.1.2.3::/usr/lib/libGLX_indirect.so.0",
 						"--link", "libnvidia-opticalflow.so.1::/usr/lib/libnvidia-opticalflow.so",
 					},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},

internal/edits/hook.go

@@ -38,15 +38,10 @@ func (d hook) toEdits() *cdi.ContainerEdits {
 // toSpec converts a discovered Hook to a CDI Spec Hook. Note
 // that missing info is filled in when edits are applied by querying the Hook node.
 func (d hook) toSpec() *specs.Hook {
-	env := d.Env
-	if env == nil {
-		env = []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"}
-	}
 	s := specs.Hook{
 		HookName: d.Lifecycle,
 		Path:     d.Path,
 		Args:     d.Args,
-		Env:      env,
 	}
 
 	return &s

internal/info/auto_test.go

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func TestResolveAutoMode(t *testing.T) {
 				HasTegraFilesFunc: func() (bool, string) {
 					return tc.info["tegra"], "tegra"
 				},
-				HasOnlyIntegratedGPUsFunc: func() (bool, string) {
+				UsesOnlyNVGPUModuleFunc: func() (bool, string) {
 					return tc.info["nvgpu"], "nvgpu"
 				},
 			}

internal/info/proc/devices/builder.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func New(opts ...Option) Devices {
 type Option func(*builder)
 
 // WithDeviceToMajor specifies an explicit device name to major number map.
-func WithDeviceToMajor(deviceToMajor map[string]int) Option {
+func WithDeviceToMajor(deviceToMajor map[string]uint32) Option {
 	return func(b *builder) {
 		b.asMap = make(devices)
 		for name, major := range deviceToMajor {

internal/info/proc/devices/devices.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const (
 type Name string
 
 // Major represents a device major as specified under /proc/devices
-type Major int
+type Major uint32
 
 // Devices represents the set of devices under /proc/devices
 //
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ func nvidiaDeviceFrom(reader io.Reader) (Devices, error) {
 	return nvidiaDevices, nil
 }
 
-func devicesFrom(reader io.Reader) map[string]int {
-	allDevices := make(map[string]int)
+func devicesFrom(reader io.Reader) map[string]uint32 {
+	allDevices := make(map[string]uint32)
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
 	for scanner.Scan() {
 		device, major, err := processProcDeviceLine(scanner.Text())
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ func devicesFrom(reader io.Reader) map[string]int {
 	return allDevices
 }
 
-func processProcDeviceLine(line string) (string, int, error) {
+func processProcDeviceLine(line string) (string, uint32, error) {
 	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
 
 	var name string
-	var major int
+	var major uint32
 
 	n, _ := fmt.Sscanf(trimmed, "%d %s", &major, &name)
 	if n == 2 {

internal/info/proc/devices/devices_test.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestNvidiaDevices(t *testing.T) {
-	perDriverDeviceMaps := map[string]map[string]int{
+	perDriverDeviceMaps := map[string]map[string]uint32{
 		"pre550": {
 			"nvidia-frontend": 195,
 			"nvidia-nvlink":   234,
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func TestProcessDeviceFileLine(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		line  string
 		name  string
-		major int
+		major uint32
 		err   bool
 	}{
 		{"", "", 0, true},

internal/ldcache/ldcache.go

@@ -47,11 +47,6 @@ const (
 	flagArchX8664   = 0x0300
 	flagArchX32     = 0x0800
 	flagArchPpc64le = 0x0500
-
-	// flagArch_ARM_LIBHF is the flag value for 32-bit ARM libs using hard-float.
-	flagArch_ARM_LIBHF = 0x0900
-	// flagArch_AARCH64_LIB64 is the flag value for 64-bit ARM libs.
-	flagArch_AARCH64_LIB64 = 0x0a00
 )
 
 var errInvalidCache = errors.New("invalid ld.so.cache file")
@@ -200,14 +195,10 @@ func (c *ldcache) getEntries() []entry {
 		switch e.Flags & flagArchMask {
 		case flagArchX8664:
 			fallthrough
-		case flagArch_AARCH64_LIB64:
-			fallthrough
 		case flagArchPpc64le:
 			bits = 64
 		case flagArchX32:
 			fallthrough
-		case flagArch_ARM_LIBHF:
-			fallthrough
 		case flagArchI386:
 			bits = 32
 		default:

internal/lookup/device.go

@@ -28,9 +28,15 @@ const (
 // NewCharDeviceLocator creates a Locator that can be used to find char devices at the specified root. A logger is
 // also specified.
 func NewCharDeviceLocator(opts ...Option) Locator {
+	filter := assertCharDevice
+	// TODO: We should have a better way to inject this logic than this envvar.
+	if os.Getenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES") == "true" {
+		filter = assertFile
+	}
+
 	opts = append(opts,
 		WithSearchPaths("", devRoot),
-		WithFilter(assertCharDevice),
+		WithFilter(filter),
 	)
 	return NewFileLocator(
 		opts...,

internal/lookup/root/root.go

@@ -17,12 +17,15 @@
 package root
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/system/nvmodules"
 )
 
 // Driver represents a filesystem in which a set of drivers or devices is defined.
@@ -125,3 +128,20 @@ func xdgDataDirs() []string {
 
 	return []string{"/usr/local/share", "/usr/share"}
 }
+
+// LoadKmods loads the specified kernel modules in the driver root.
+// Errors in loading a module do not prevent other modules from being attempted.
+func (r *Driver) LoadKernelModules(moduleNames ...string) error {
+	modules := nvmodules.New(
+		nvmodules.WithLogger(r.logger),
+		nvmodules.WithRoot(r.Root),
+	)
+
+	var errs error
+	for _, moduleName := range moduleNames {
+		if err := modules.Load(moduleName); err != nil {
+			errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to load kernel module %q: %w", moduleName, err))
+		}
+	}
+	return errs
+}

internal/modifier/cdi.go

@@ -22,11 +22,15 @@ import (
 
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib/pkg/nvlib/device"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup/root"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/modifier/cdi"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/oci"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/system/nvdevices"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/spec"
 )
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ import (
 // NewCDIModifier creates an OCI spec modifier that determines the modifications to make based on the
 // CDI specifications available on the system. The NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES environment variable is
 // used to select the devices to include.
-func NewCDIModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, ociSpec oci.Spec) (oci.SpecModifier, error) {
+func NewCDIModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, driver *root.Driver, ociSpec oci.Spec) (oci.SpecModifier, error) {
 	devices, err := getDevicesFromSpec(logger, ociSpec, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get required devices from OCI specification: %v", err)
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ func NewCDIModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, ociSpec oci.Spe
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("requesting a CDI device with vendor 'runtime.nvidia.com' is not supported when requesting other CDI devices")
 	}
 	if len(automaticDevices) > 0 {
-		automaticModifier, err := newAutomaticCDISpecModifier(logger, cfg, automaticDevices)
+		automaticModifier, err := newAutomaticCDISpecModifier(logger, cfg, driver, automaticDevices)
 		if err == nil {
 			return automaticModifier, nil
 		}
@@ -163,9 +167,9 @@ func filterAutomaticDevices(devices []string) []string {
 	return automatic
 }
 
-func newAutomaticCDISpecModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, devices []string) (oci.SpecModifier, error) {
+func newAutomaticCDISpecModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, driver *root.Driver, devices []string) (oci.SpecModifier, error) {
 	logger.Debugf("Generating in-memory CDI specs for devices %v", devices)
-	spec, err := generateAutomaticCDISpec(logger, cfg, devices)
+	spec, err := generateAutomaticCDISpec(logger, cfg, driver, devices)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate CDI spec: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -180,7 +184,7 @@ func newAutomaticCDISpecModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, de
 	return cdiModifier, nil
 }
 
-func generateAutomaticCDISpec(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, devices []string) (spec.Interface, error) {
+func generateAutomaticCDISpec(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, driver *root.Driver, devices []string) (spec.Interface, error) {
 	cdilib, err := nvcdi.New(
 		nvcdi.WithLogger(logger),
 		nvcdi.WithNVIDIACDIHookPath(cfg.NVIDIACTKConfig.Path),
@@ -192,12 +196,19 @@ func generateAutomaticCDISpec(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, devic
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to construct CDI library: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	identifiers := []string{}
+	// TODO: Consider moving this into the nvcdi API.
+	if err := driver.LoadKernelModules(cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Modes.JitCDI.LoadKernelModules...); err != nil {
+		logger.Warningf("Ignoring error(s) loading kernel modules: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var identifiers []string
 	for _, device := range devices {
 		_, _, id := parser.ParseDevice(device)
 		identifiers = append(identifiers, id)
 	}
 
+	tryCreateDeviceNodes(logger, driver, identifiers...)
+
 	deviceSpecs, err := cdilib.GetDeviceSpecsByID(identifiers...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get CDI device specs: %w", err)
@@ -215,3 +226,27 @@ func generateAutomaticCDISpec(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, devic
 		spec.WithClass("gpu"),
 	)
 }
+
+func tryCreateDeviceNodes(logger logger.Interface, driver *root.Driver, identifiers ...string) {
+	devices, err := nvdevices.New(
+		nvdevices.WithLogger(logger),
+		nvdevices.WithDevRoot(driver.Root),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warningf("Failed to create devices library: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := devices.CreateNVIDIAControlDevices(); err != nil {
+		logger.Warningf("Failed to create control devices: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := devices.CreateNVIDIACapsControlDeviceNodes(); err != nil {
+		logger.Warningf("Failed to create nvidia-caps control devices: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, id := range identifiers {
+		identifier := device.Identifier(id)
+		if err := devices.CreateDeviceNodes(identifier); err != nil {
+			logger.Warningf("Error creating device nodes for %v: %v", identifier, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/modifier/discover_test.go

@@ -78,14 +78,12 @@ func TestDiscoverModifier(t *testing.T) {
 						{
 							Path: "/hook/a",
 							Args: []string{"/hook/a", "arga"},
-							Env:  []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 						},
 					},
 					CreateContainer: []specs.Hook{
 						{
 							Path: "/hook/b",
 							Args: []string{"/hook/b", "argb"},
-							Env:  []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -125,7 +123,6 @@ func TestDiscoverModifier(t *testing.T) {
 						{
 							Path: "/hook/b",
 							Args: []string{"/hook/b", "argb"},
-							Env:  []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 						},
 					},
 				},

internal/modifier/gated.go

@@ -79,41 +79,24 @@ func NewFeatureGatedModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, image
 		discoverers = append(discoverers, d)
 	}
 
-	// If the feature flag has explicitly been toggled, we don't make any modification.
-	if !cfg.Features.DisableCUDACompatLibHook.IsEnabled() {
-		cudaCompatDiscoverer, err := getCudaCompatModeDiscoverer(logger, cfg, driver)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to construct CUDA Compat discoverer: %w", err)
+	if !cfg.Features.AllowCUDACompatLibsFromContainer.IsEnabled() && !cfg.Features.DisableCUDACompatLibHook.IsEnabled() {
+		compatLibHookDiscoverer := discover.NewCUDACompatHookDiscoverer(logger, cfg.NVIDIACTKConfig.Path, driver)
+		discoverers = append(discoverers, compatLibHookDiscoverer)
+		// For legacy mode, we also need to inject a hook to update the LDCache
+		// after we have modifed the configuration.
+		if cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Mode == "legacy" {
+			ldcacheUpdateHookDiscoverer, err := discover.NewLDCacheUpdateHook(
+				logger,
+				discover.None{},
+				cfg.NVIDIACTKConfig.Path,
+				"",
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to construct ldcache update discoverer: %w", err)
+			}
+			discoverers = append(discoverers, ldcacheUpdateHookDiscoverer)
 		}
-		discoverers = append(discoverers, cudaCompatDiscoverer)
 	}
 
 	return NewModifierFromDiscoverer(logger, discover.Merge(discoverers...))
 }
-
-func getCudaCompatModeDiscoverer(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, driver *root.Driver) (discover.Discover, error) {
-	// For legacy mode, we only include the enable-cuda-compat hook if cuda-compat-mode is set to hook.
-	if cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Mode == "legacy" && cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Modes.Legacy.CUDACompatMode != config.CUDACompatModeHook {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	compatLibHookDiscoverer := discover.NewCUDACompatHookDiscoverer(logger, cfg.NVIDIACTKConfig.Path, driver)
-	// For non-legacy modes we return the hook as is. These modes *should* already include the update-ldcache hook.
-	if cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Mode != "legacy" {
-		return compatLibHookDiscoverer, nil
-	}
-
-	// For legacy mode, we also need to inject a hook to update the LDCache
-	// after we have modifed the configuration.
-	ldcacheUpdateHookDiscoverer, err := discover.NewLDCacheUpdateHook(
-		logger,
-		discover.None{},
-		cfg.NVIDIACTKConfig.Path,
-		"",
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to construct ldcache update discoverer: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return discover.Merge(compatLibHookDiscoverer, ldcacheUpdateHookDiscoverer), nil
-}

internal/nvcaps/nvcaps.go

@@ -36,10 +36,20 @@ const (
 	nvcapsDevicePath     = "/dev/nvidia-caps"
 )
 
-// MigMinor represents the minor number of a MIG device
-type MigMinor int
+// An Index represents a gpu, ci, or gi index.
+// We use uint32 as this typically maps to a device minor number.
+type Index uint32
 
-// MigCap represents the path to a MIG cap file
+// MigMinor represents the minor number of a MIG device
+type MigMinor Index
+
+// MigCap represents the path to a MIG cap file.
+// These are listed in /proc/driver/nvidia-caps/mig-minors and have one of the
+// follown forms:
+//   - config
+//   - monitor
+//   - gpu{{ .gpuIndex }}/gi{{ .gi }}/access
+//   - gpu{{ .gpuIndex }}/gi{{ .gi }}/ci {{ .ci }}/access
 type MigCap string
 
 // MigCaps stores a map of MIG cap file paths to MIG minors
@@ -47,16 +57,41 @@ type MigCaps map[MigCap]MigMinor
 
 // NewGPUInstanceCap creates a MigCap for the specified MIG GPU instance.
 // A GPU instance is uniquely defined by the GPU minor number and GI instance ID.
-func NewGPUInstanceCap(gpu, gi int) MigCap {
+func NewGPUInstanceCap[T uint32 | int | Index](gpu, gi T) MigCap {
 	return MigCap(fmt.Sprintf("gpu%d/gi%d/access", gpu, gi))
 }
 
 // NewComputeInstanceCap creates a MigCap for the specified MIG Compute instance.
 // A GPU instance is uniquely defined by the GPU minor number, GI instance ID, and CI instance ID.
-func NewComputeInstanceCap(gpu, gi, ci int) MigCap {
+func NewComputeInstanceCap[T uint32 | int | Index](gpu, gi, ci T) MigCap {
 	return MigCap(fmt.Sprintf("gpu%d/gi%d/ci%d/access", gpu, gi, ci))
 }
 
+// FilterForGPU limits the MIG Caps to those associated with a particular GPU.
+func (m MigCaps) FilterForGPU(gpu Index) MigCaps {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	filtered := make(MigCaps)
+	for gi := Index(0); ; gi++ {
+		giCap := NewGPUInstanceCap(gpu, gi)
+		giMinor, exist := m[giCap]
+		if !exist {
+			break
+		}
+		filtered[giCap] = giMinor
+		for ci := Index(0); ; ci++ {
+			ciCap := NewComputeInstanceCap(gpu, gi, ci)
+			ciMinor, exist := m[ciCap]
+			if !exist {
+				break
+			}
+			filtered[ciCap] = ciMinor
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
+
 // GetCapDevicePath returns the path to the cap device for the specified cap.
 // An error is returned if the cap is invalid.
 func (m MigCaps) GetCapDevicePath(cap MigCap) (string, error) {
@@ -113,7 +148,7 @@ func processMigMinorsLine(line string) (MigCap, MigMinor, error) {
 		return "", 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid MIG minors line: '%v'", line)
 	}
 
-	minor, err := strconv.Atoi(parts[1])
+	minor, err := strconv.ParseUint(parts[1], 10, 32)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", 0, fmt.Errorf("error reading MIG minor from '%v': %v", line, err)
 	}

internal/oci/spec_mock.go

@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@
 package oci
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+	"sync"
 )
 
 // Ensure, that SpecMock does implement Spec.

internal/platform-support/tegra/csv_test.go

@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ func TestDiscovererFromCSVFiles(t *testing.T) {
 						"--link",
 						"/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/tegra/libv4l2_nvargus.so::/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libv4l/plugins/nv/libv4l2_nvargus.so",
 					},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -154,7 +153,6 @@ func TestDiscovererFromCSVFiles(t *testing.T) {
 						"--link",
 						"/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/tegra/libv4l2_nvargus.so::/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libv4l/plugins/nv/libv4l2_nvargus.so",
 					},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},

internal/runtime/runtime_factory.go

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func newSpecModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, ociSpec oci.Sp
 	mode := info.ResolveAutoMode(logger, cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Mode, image)
 	// We update the mode here so that we can continue passing just the config to other functions.
 	cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Mode = mode
-	modeModifier, err := newModeModifier(logger, mode, cfg, ociSpec, image)
+	modeModifier, err := newModeModifier(logger, mode, cfg, driver, ociSpec, image)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ func newSpecModifier(logger logger.Interface, cfg *config.Config, ociSpec oci.Sp
 	return modifiers, nil
 }
 
-func newModeModifier(logger logger.Interface, mode string, cfg *config.Config, ociSpec oci.Spec, image image.CUDA) (oci.SpecModifier, error) {
+func newModeModifier(logger logger.Interface, mode string, cfg *config.Config, driver *root.Driver, ociSpec oci.Spec, image image.CUDA) (oci.SpecModifier, error) {
 	switch mode {
 	case "legacy":
 		return modifier.NewStableRuntimeModifier(logger, cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeHookConfig.Path), nil
 	case "csv":
 		return modifier.NewCSVModifier(logger, cfg, image)
 	case "cdi":
-		return modifier.NewCDIModifier(logger, cfg, ociSpec)
+		return modifier.NewCDIModifier(logger, cfg, driver, ociSpec)
 	}
 
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid runtime mode: %v", cfg.NVIDIAContainerRuntimeConfig.Mode)

internal/system/nvdevices/control-device-nodes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package nvdevices
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info/proc/devices"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/nvcaps"
+)
+
+// A controlDeviceNode represents an NVIDIA devices node for control or meta devices.
+// Such device nodes are typically required regardless of which GPU is being accessed.
+type controlDeviceNode string
+
+func (c controlDeviceNode) path() string {
+	return filepath.Join("dev", string(c))
+}
+
+// CreateNVIDIAControlDevices creates the NVIDIA control device nodes at the configured devRoot.
+func (m *Interface) CreateNVIDIAControlDevices() error {
+	controlNodes := []controlDeviceNode{"nvidiactl", "nvidia-modeset", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-uvm-tools"}
+	for _, node := range controlNodes {
+		if err := m.createControlDeviceNode(node); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create device node %s: %w", node, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateNVIDIACapsControlDeviceNodes creates the nvidia-caps control device nodes at the configured devRoot.
+func (m *Interface) CreateNVIDIACapsControlDeviceNodes() error {
+	capsMajor, exists := m.Get("nvidia-caps")
+	if !exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var errs error
+	for _, migCap := range []nvcaps.MigCap{"config", "monitor"} {
+		migMinor, exists := m.migCaps[migCap]
+		if !exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		deviceNodePath := migMinor.DevicePath()
+		if err := m.createDeviceNode(deviceNodePath, capsMajor, uint32(migMinor)); err != nil {
+			errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to create nvidia-caps device node %v: %w", deviceNodePath, err))
+		}
+	}
+	return errs
+}
+
+// createControlDeviceNode creates the specified NVIDIA device node at the configured devRoot.
+func (m *Interface) createControlDeviceNode(node controlDeviceNode) error {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(string(node), "nvidia") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid device node %q: %w", node, errInvalidDeviceNode)
+	}
+
+	major, err := m.controlDeviceNodeMajor(node)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determine major: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	minor, err := m.controlDeviceNodeMinor(node)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determine minor: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return m.createDeviceNode(node.path(), major, minor)
+}
+
+// controlDeviceNodeMajor returns the major number for the specified NVIDIA control device node.
+// If the device node is not supported, an error is returned.
+func (m *Interface) controlDeviceNodeMajor(node controlDeviceNode) (devices.Major, error) {
+	var valid bool
+	var major devices.Major
+	switch node {
+	case "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-uvm-tools":
+		major, valid = m.Get(devices.NVIDIAUVM)
+	case "nvidia-modeset", "nvidiactl":
+		major, valid = m.Get(devices.NVIDIAGPU)
+	}
+
+	if valid {
+		return major, nil
+	}
+
+	return 0, errInvalidDeviceNode
+}
+
+// controlDeviceNodeMinor returns the minor number for the specified NVIDIA control device node.
+// If the device node is not supported, an error is returned.
+func (m *Interface) controlDeviceNodeMinor(node controlDeviceNode) (uint32, error) {
+	switch node {
+	case "nvidia-modeset":
+		return devices.NVIDIAModesetMinor, nil
+	case "nvidia-uvm-tools":
+		return devices.NVIDIAUVMToolsMinor, nil
+	case "nvidia-uvm":
+		return devices.NVIDIAUVMMinor, nil
+	case "nvidiactl":
+		return devices.NVIDIACTLMinor, nil
+	}
+
+	return 0, errInvalidDeviceNode
+}

internal/system/nvdevices/devices.go

@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@ package nvdevices
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib/pkg/nvlib/device"
+
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info/proc/devices"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/nvcaps"
 )
 
 var errInvalidDeviceNode = errors.New("invalid device node")
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ type Interface struct {
 	// devRoot is the root directory where device nodes are expected to exist.
 	devRoot string
 
+	migCaps nvcaps.MigCaps
+
 	mknoder
 }
 
@@ -63,92 +67,56 @@ func New(opts ...Option) (*Interface, error) {
 		i.Devices = devices
 	}
 
+	if i.migCaps == nil {
+		migCaps, err := nvcaps.NewMigCaps()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load MIG caps: %w", err)
+		}
+		i.migCaps = migCaps
+	}
+
 	if i.dryRun {
 		i.mknoder = &mknodLogger{i.logger}
 	} else {
-		i.mknoder = &mknodUnix{}
+		i.mknoder = &mknodUnix{i.logger}
 	}
 	return i, nil
 }
 
-// CreateNVIDIAControlDevices creates the NVIDIA control device nodes at the configured devRoot.
-func (m *Interface) CreateNVIDIAControlDevices() error {
-	controlNodes := []string{"nvidiactl", "nvidia-modeset", "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-uvm-tools"}
-	for _, node := range controlNodes {
-		err := m.CreateNVIDIADevice(node)
+// CreateDeviceNodes creates the device nodes for a device with the specified identifier.
+// A list of created device nodes are returned and an error.
+func (m *Interface) CreateDeviceNodes(id device.Identifier) error {
+	switch {
+	case id.IsGpuIndex():
+		gpuIndex, err := toIndex(string(id))
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create device node %s: %w", node, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid GPU index: %v", id)
+		}
+		return m.createGPUDeviceNode(gpuIndex)
+	case id.IsMigIndex():
+		indices := strings.Split(string(id), ":")
+		if len(indices) != 2 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid MIG index %v", id)
+		}
+		gpuIndex, err := toIndex(indices[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid parent index %v: %w", indices[0], err)
+		}
+		if err := m.createGPUDeviceNode(gpuIndex); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create parent device node: %w", err)
 		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
 
-// CreateNVIDIADevice creates the specified NVIDIA device node at the configured devRoot.
-func (m *Interface) CreateNVIDIADevice(node string) error {
-	node = filepath.Base(node)
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(node, "nvidia") {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid device node %q: %w", node, errInvalidDeviceNode)
+		return m.createMigDeviceNodes(gpuIndex)
+	case id.IsGpuUUID(), id.IsMigUUID(), id == "all":
+		return m.createAllGPUDeviceNodes()
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid device identifier: %v", id)
 	}
-
-	major, err := m.Major(node)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determine major: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	minor, err := m.Minor(node)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determine minor: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return m.createDeviceNode(filepath.Join("dev", node), int(major), int(minor))
 }
 
 // createDeviceNode creates the specified device node with the require major and minor numbers.
 // If a devRoot is configured, this is prepended to the path.
-func (m *Interface) createDeviceNode(path string, major int, minor int) error {
+func (m *Interface) createDeviceNode(path string, major devices.Major, minor uint32) error {
 	path = filepath.Join(m.devRoot, path)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
-		m.logger.Infof("Skipping: %s already exists", path)
-		return nil
-	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat %s: %v", path, err)
-	}
-
-	return m.Mknode(path, major, minor)
-}
-
-// Major returns the major number for the specified NVIDIA device node.
-// If the device node is not supported, an error is returned.
-func (m *Interface) Major(node string) (int64, error) {
-	var valid bool
-	var major devices.Major
-	switch node {
-	case "nvidia-uvm", "nvidia-uvm-tools":
-		major, valid = m.Get(devices.NVIDIAUVM)
-	case "nvidia-modeset", "nvidiactl":
-		major, valid = m.Get(devices.NVIDIAGPU)
-	}
-
-	if valid {
-		return int64(major), nil
-	}
-
-	return 0, errInvalidDeviceNode
-}
-
-// Minor returns the minor number for the specified NVIDIA device node.
-// If the device node is not supported, an error is returned.
-func (m *Interface) Minor(node string) (int64, error) {
-	switch node {
-	case "nvidia-modeset":
-		return devices.NVIDIAModesetMinor, nil
-	case "nvidia-uvm-tools":
-		return devices.NVIDIAUVMToolsMinor, nil
-	case "nvidia-uvm":
-		return devices.NVIDIAUVMMinor, nil
-	case "nvidiactl":
-		return devices.NVIDIACTLMinor, nil
-	}
-
-	return 0, errInvalidDeviceNode
+	return m.Mknode(path, uint32(major), minor)
 }

internal/system/nvdevices/devices_test.go

@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ func TestCreateControlDevices(t *testing.T) {
 	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
 
 	nvidiaDevices := devices.New(
-		devices.WithDeviceToMajor(map[string]int{
+		devices.WithDeviceToMajor(map[string]uint32{
 			"nvidia-frontend": 195,
 			"nvidia-uvm":      243,
 		}),
 	)
 	nvidia550Devices := devices.New(
-		devices.WithDeviceToMajor(map[string]int{
+		devices.WithDeviceToMajor(map[string]uint32{
 			"nvidia":     195,
 			"nvidia-uvm": 243,
 		}),
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ func TestCreateControlDevices(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedError error
 		expectedCalls []struct {
 			S  string
-			N1 int
-			N2 int
+			V1 uint32
+			V2 uint32
 		}
 	}{
 		{
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ func TestCreateControlDevices(t *testing.T) {
 			mknodeError: nil,
 			expectedCalls: []struct {
 				S  string
-				N1 int
-				N2 int
+				V1 uint32
+				V2 uint32
 			}{
 				{"/dev/nvidiactl", 195, 255},
 				{"/dev/nvidia-modeset", 195, 254},
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ func TestCreateControlDevices(t *testing.T) {
 			mknodeError: nil,
 			expectedCalls: []struct {
 				S  string
-				N1 int
-				N2 int
+				V1 uint32
+				V2 uint32
 			}{
 				{"/dev/nvidiactl", 195, 255},
 				{"/dev/nvidia-modeset", 195, 254},
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ func TestCreateControlDevices(t *testing.T) {
 			mknodeError: nil,
 			expectedCalls: []struct {
 				S  string
-				N1 int
-				N2 int
+				V1 uint32
+				V2 uint32
 			}{
 				{"/some/root/dev/nvidiactl", 195, 255},
 				{"/some/root/dev/nvidia-modeset", 195, 254},
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ func TestCreateControlDevices(t *testing.T) {
 			// We expect the first call to this to fail, and the rest to be skipped
 			expectedCalls: []struct {
 				S  string
-				N1 int
-				N2 int
+				V1 uint32
+				V2 uint32
 			}{
 				{"/dev/nvidiactl", 195, 255},
 			},
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func TestCreateControlDevices(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			mknode := &mknoderMock{
-				MknodeFunc: func(string, int, int) error {
+				MknodeFunc: func(string, uint32, uint32) error {
 					return tc.mknodeError
 				},
 			}

internal/system/nvdevices/gpu-device-nodes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+# Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package nvdevices
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib/pkg/nvpci"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/info/proc/devices"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/nvcaps"
+)
+
+type gpuIndex nvcaps.Index
+
+func toIndex(index string) (gpuIndex, error) {
+	i, err := strconv.ParseUint(index, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return gpuIndex(i), nil
+}
+
+func (m *Interface) createGPUDeviceNode(gpu gpuIndex) error {
+	major, exists := m.Get(devices.NVIDIAGPU)
+	if !exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to determine device major; nvidia kernel module may not be loaded")
+	}
+
+	deviceNodePath := fmt.Sprintf("/dev/nvidia%d", gpu)
+	if err := m.createDeviceNode(deviceNodePath, major, uint32(gpu)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create device node %v: %w", deviceNodePath, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Interface) createMigDeviceNodes(gpu gpuIndex) error {
+	capsMajor, exists := m.Get("nvidia-caps")
+	if !exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var errs error
+	for _, capsDeviceMinor := range m.migCaps.FilterForGPU(nvcaps.Index(gpu)) {
+		capDevicePath := capsDeviceMinor.DevicePath()
+		err := m.createDeviceNode(capDevicePath, capsMajor, uint32(capsDeviceMinor))
+		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to create %v: %w", capDevicePath, err))
+	}
+	return errs
+}
+
+func (m *Interface) createAllGPUDeviceNodes() error {
+	gpus, err := nvpci.New(
+		nvpci.WithPCIDevicesRoot(filepath.Join(m.devRoot, nvpci.PCIDevicesRoot)),
+		nvpci.WithLogger(m.logger),
+	).GetGPUs()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get GPU information from PCI: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	count := gpuIndex(len(gpus))
+	if count == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var errs error
+	for gpuIndex := gpuIndex(0); gpuIndex < count; gpuIndex++ {
+		errs = errors.Join(errs, m.createGPUDeviceNode(gpuIndex))
+		errs = errors.Join(errs, m.createMigDeviceNodes(gpuIndex))
+	}
+	return errs
+}

internal/system/nvdevices/mknod.go

@@ -17,29 +17,42 @@
 package nvdevices
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 )
 
-//go:generate moq -stub -out mknod_mock.go . mknoder
+//go:generate moq -fmt=goimports -rm -stub -out mknod_mock.go . mknoder
 type mknoder interface {
-	Mknode(string, int, int) error
+	Mknode(string, uint32, uint32) error
 }
 
 type mknodLogger struct {
 	logger.Interface
 }
 
-func (m *mknodLogger) Mknode(path string, major, minor int) error {
+func (m *mknodLogger) Mknode(path string, major uint32, minor uint32) error {
 	m.Infof("Running: mknod --mode=0666 %s c %d %d", path, major, minor)
 	return nil
 }
 
-type mknodUnix struct{}
+type mknodUnix struct {
+	logger logger.Interface
+}
 
-func (m *mknodUnix) Mknode(path string, major, minor int) error {
-	err := unix.Mknod(path, unix.S_IFCHR, int(unix.Mkdev(uint32(major), uint32(minor))))
+func (m *mknodUnix) Mknode(path string, major uint32, minor uint32) error {
+	// TODO: Ensure that the existing device node has the correct properties.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+		m.logger.Infof("Skipping: %s already exists", path)
+		return nil
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat %s: %v", path, err)
+	}
+
+	err := unix.Mknod(path, unix.S_IFCHR, int(unix.Mkdev(major, minor)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

internal/system/nvdevices/mknod_mock.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ var _ mknoder = &mknoderMock{}
 //
 //		// make and configure a mocked mknoder
 //		mockedmknoder := &mknoderMock{
-//			MknodeFunc: func(s string, n1 int, n2 int) error {
+//			MknodeFunc: func(s string, v1 uint32, v2 uint32) error {
 //				panic("mock out the Mknode method")
 //			},
 //		}
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ var _ mknoder = &mknoderMock{}
 //	}
 type mknoderMock struct {
 	// MknodeFunc mocks the Mknode method.
-	MknodeFunc func(s string, n1 int, n2 int) error
+	MknodeFunc func(s string, v1 uint32, v2 uint32) error
 
 	// calls tracks calls to the methods.
 	calls struct {
@@ -36,25 +36,25 @@ type mknoderMock struct {
 		Mknode []struct {
 			// S is the s argument value.
 			S string
-			// N1 is the n1 argument value.
-			N1 int
-			// N2 is the n2 argument value.
-			N2 int
+			// V1 is the v1 argument value.
+			V1 uint32
+			// V2 is the v2 argument value.
+			V2 uint32
 		}
 	}
 	lockMknode sync.RWMutex
 }
 
 // Mknode calls MknodeFunc.
-func (mock *mknoderMock) Mknode(s string, n1 int, n2 int) error {
+func (mock *mknoderMock) Mknode(s string, v1 uint32, v2 uint32) error {
 	callInfo := struct {
 		S  string
-		N1 int
-		N2 int
+		V1 uint32
+		V2 uint32
 	}{
 		S:  s,
-		N1: n1,
-		N2: n2,
+		V1: v1,
+		V2: v2,
 	}
 	mock.lockMknode.Lock()
 	mock.calls.Mknode = append(mock.calls.Mknode, callInfo)
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func (mock *mknoderMock) Mknode(s string, n1 int, n2 int) error {
 		)
 		return errOut
 	}
-	return mock.MknodeFunc(s, n1, n2)
+	return mock.MknodeFunc(s, v1, v2)
 }
 
 // MknodeCalls gets all the calls that were made to Mknode.
@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ func (mock *mknoderMock) Mknode(s string, n1 int, n2 int) error {
 //	len(mockedmknoder.MknodeCalls())
 func (mock *mknoderMock) MknodeCalls() []struct {
 	S  string
-	N1 int
-	N2 int
+	V1 uint32
+	V2 uint32
 } {
 	var calls []struct {
 		S  string
-		N1 int
-		N2 int
+		V1 uint32
+		V2 uint32
 	}
 	mock.lockMknode.RLock()
 	calls = mock.calls.Mknode

pkg/config/engine/containerd/containerd.go

@@ -162,11 +162,8 @@ func (c *Config) GetRuntimeConfig(name string) (engine.RuntimeConfig, error) {
 }
 
 // CommandLineSource returns the CLI-based containerd config loader
-func CommandLineSource(hostRoot string, executablePath string) toml.Loader {
-	if executablePath == "" {
-		executablePath = "containerd"
-	}
-	return toml.FromCommandLine(chrootIfRequired(hostRoot, executablePath, "config", "dump")...)
+func CommandLineSource(hostRoot string) toml.Loader {
+	return toml.FromCommandLine(chrootIfRequired(hostRoot, "containerd", "config", "dump")...)
 }
 
 func chrootIfRequired(hostRoot string, commandLine ...string) []string {

pkg/config/engine/crio/crio.go

@@ -157,12 +157,9 @@ func (c *Config) GetRuntimeConfig(name string) (engine.RuntimeConfig, error) {
 func (c *Config) EnableCDI() {}
 
 // CommandLineSource returns the CLI-based crio config loader
-func CommandLineSource(hostRoot string, executablePath string) toml.Loader {
-	if executablePath == "" {
-		executablePath = "crio"
-	}
+func CommandLineSource(hostRoot string) toml.Loader {
 	return toml.LoadFirst(
-		toml.FromCommandLine(chrootIfRequired(hostRoot, executablePath, "status", "config")...),
+		toml.FromCommandLine(chrootIfRequired(hostRoot, "crio", "status", "config")...),
 		toml.FromCommandLine(chrootIfRequired(hostRoot, "crio-status", "config")...),
 	)
 }

pkg/nvcdi/api.go

@@ -24,24 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/spec"
 )
 
-const (
-	// ModeAuto configures the CDI spec generator to automatically detect the system configuration
-	ModeAuto = "auto"
-	// ModeNvml configures the CDI spec generator to use the NVML library.
-	ModeNvml = "nvml"
-	// ModeWsl configures the CDI spec generator to generate a WSL spec.
-	ModeWsl = "wsl"
-	// ModeManagement configures the CDI spec generator to generate a management spec.
-	ModeManagement = "management"
-	// ModeGds configures the CDI spec generator to generate a GDS spec.
-	ModeGds = "gds"
-	// ModeMofed configures the CDI spec generator to generate a MOFED spec.
-	ModeMofed = "mofed"
-	// ModeCSV configures the CDI spec generator to generate a spec based on the contents of CSV
-	// mountspec files.
-	ModeCSV = "csv"
-)
-
 // Interface defines the API for the nvcdi package
 type Interface interface {
 	GetSpec() (spec.Interface, error)

pkg/nvcdi/driver-wsl_test.go

@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ func TestNvidiaSMISymlinkHook(t *testing.T) {
 					Path:      "nvidia-cdi-hook",
 					Args: []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks",
 						"--link", "nvidia-smi::/usr/bin/nvidia-smi"},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -116,7 +115,6 @@ func TestNvidiaSMISymlinkHook(t *testing.T) {
 					Path:      "nvidia-cdi-hook",
 					Args: []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks",
 						"--link", "/some/path/nvidia-smi::/usr/bin/nvidia-smi"},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -137,7 +135,6 @@ func TestNvidiaSMISymlinkHook(t *testing.T) {
 					Path:      "nvidia-cdi-hook",
 					Args: []string{"nvidia-cdi-hook", "create-symlinks",
 						"--link", "/some/path/nvidia-smi::/usr/bin/nvidia-smi"},
-					Env: []string{"NVIDIA_CTK_DEBUG=false"},
 				},
 			},
 		},

pkg/nvcdi/lib-imex.go

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package nvcdi
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
+	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib/pkg/nvlib/device"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/discover"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/edits"
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/spec"
+)
+
+type imexlib nvcdilib
+
+var _ Interface = (*imexlib)(nil)
+
+const (
+	classImexChannel = "imex-channel"
+)
+
+// GetSpec should not be called for imexlib.
+func (l *imexlib) GetSpec() (spec.Interface, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected call to imexlib.GetSpec()")
+}
+
+// GetAllDeviceSpecs returns the device specs for all available devices.
+func (l *imexlib) GetAllDeviceSpecs() ([]specs.Device, error) {
+	channelsDiscoverer := discover.NewCharDeviceDiscoverer(
+		l.logger,
+		l.devRoot,
+		[]string{"/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel*"},
+	)
+
+	channels, err := channelsDiscoverer.Devices()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var channelIDs []string
+	for _, channel := range channels {
+		channelIDs = append(channelIDs, filepath.Base(channel.Path))
+	}
+
+	return l.GetDeviceSpecsByID(channelIDs...)
+}
+
+// GetCommonEdits returns an empty set of edits for IMEX devices.
+func (l *imexlib) GetCommonEdits() (*cdi.ContainerEdits, error) {
+	return edits.FromDiscoverer(discover.None{})
+}
+
+// GetDeviceSpecsByID returns the CDI device specs for the IMEX channels specified.
+func (l *imexlib) GetDeviceSpecsByID(ids ...string) ([]specs.Device, error) {
+	var deviceSpecs []specs.Device
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(id, "channel")
+		_, err := strconv.ParseUint(trimmed, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid channel ID %v: %w", id, err)
+		}
+		path := "/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel" + trimmed
+		deviceSpec := specs.Device{
+			Name: trimmed,
+			ContainerEdits: specs.ContainerEdits{
+				DeviceNodes: []*specs.DeviceNode{
+					{
+						Path:     path,
+						HostPath: filepath.Join(l.devRoot, path),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		deviceSpecs = append(deviceSpecs, deviceSpec)
+	}
+	return deviceSpecs, nil
+}
+
+// GetGPUDeviceEdits is unsupported for the imexlib specs
+func (l *imexlib) GetGPUDeviceEdits(device.Device) (*cdi.ContainerEdits, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetGPUDeviceEdits is not supported")
+}
+
+// GetGPUDeviceSpecs is unsupported for the imexlib specs
+func (l *imexlib) GetGPUDeviceSpecs(int, device.Device) ([]specs.Device, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetGPUDeviceSpecs is not supported")
+}
+
+// GetMIGDeviceEdits is unsupported for the imexlib specs
+func (l *imexlib) GetMIGDeviceEdits(device.Device, device.MigDevice) (*cdi.ContainerEdits, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetMIGDeviceEdits is not supported")
+}
+
+// GetMIGDeviceSpecs is unsupported for the imexlib specs
+func (l *imexlib) GetMIGDeviceSpecs(int, device.Device, int, device.MigDevice) ([]specs.Device, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetMIGDeviceSpecs is not supported")
+}

pkg/nvcdi/lib-imex_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package nvcdi
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	testlog "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/test"
+)
+
+func TestImexMode(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("__NVCT_TESTING_DEVICES_ARE_FILES", "true")
+
+	logger, _ := testlog.NewNullLogger()
+
+	moduleRoot, err := test.GetModuleRoot()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	hostRoot := filepath.Join(moduleRoot, "testdata", "lookup", "rootfs-1")
+
+	expectedSpec := `---
+cdiVersion: 0.5.0
+kind: nvidia.com/imex-channel
+devices:
+- name: "0"
+  containerEdits:
+    deviceNodes:
+    - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel0
+      hostPath: {{ .hostRoot }}/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel0
+- name: "1"
+  containerEdits:
+    deviceNodes:
+    - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel1
+      hostPath: {{ .hostRoot }}/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel1
+- name: "2047"
+  containerEdits:
+    deviceNodes:
+    - path: /dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel2047
+      hostPath: {{ .hostRoot }}/dev/nvidia-caps-imex-channels/channel2047
+containerEdits:
+  env:
+  - NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=void
+`
+	expectedSpec = strings.ReplaceAll(expectedSpec, "{{ .hostRoot }}", hostRoot)
+
+	lib, err := New(
+		WithLogger(logger),
+		WithMode(ModeImex),
+		WithDriverRoot(hostRoot),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	spec, err := lib.GetSpec()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+
+	_, err = spec.WriteTo(&b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, expectedSpec, b.String())
+}

pkg/nvcdi/lib-nvml.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ var _ Interface = (*nvmllib)(nil)
 
 // GetSpec should not be called for nvmllib
 func (l *nvmllib) GetSpec() (spec.Interface, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unexpected call to nvmllib.GetSpec()")
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected call to nvmllib.GetSpec()")
 }
 
 // GetAllDeviceSpecs returns the device specs for all available devices.

pkg/nvcdi/lib.go

@@ -22,31 +22,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib/pkg/nvlib/device"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib/pkg/nvlib/info"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml"
-	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
 
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/config/image"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/lookup/root"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/nvsandboxutils"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/internal/platform-support/tegra/csv"
-	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/spec"
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/transform"
 )
 
-type wrapper struct {
-	Interface
-
-	vendor string
-	class  string
-
-	mergedDeviceOptions []transform.MergedDeviceOption
-}
-
 type nvcdilib struct {
 	logger             logger.Interface
 	nvmllib            nvml.Interface
 	nvsandboxutilslib  nvsandboxutils.Interface
-	mode               string
+	mode               Mode
 	devicelib          device.Interface
 	deviceNamers       DeviceNamers
 	driverRoot         string
@@ -173,6 +161,11 @@ func New(opts ...Option) (Interface, error) {
 			l.class = "mofed"
 		}
 		lib = (*mofedlib)(l)
+	case ModeImex:
+		if l.class == "" {
+			l.class = classImexChannel
+		}
+		lib = (*imexlib)(l)
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown mode %q", l.mode)
 	}
@@ -186,60 +179,6 @@ func New(opts ...Option) (Interface, error) {
 	return &w, nil
 }
 
-// GetSpec combines the device specs and common edits from the wrapped Interface to a single spec.Interface.
-func (l *wrapper) GetSpec() (spec.Interface, error) {
-	deviceSpecs, err := l.GetAllDeviceSpecs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	edits, err := l.GetCommonEdits()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return spec.New(
-		spec.WithDeviceSpecs(deviceSpecs),
-		spec.WithEdits(*edits.ContainerEdits),
-		spec.WithVendor(l.vendor),
-		spec.WithClass(l.class),
-		spec.WithMergedDeviceOptions(l.mergedDeviceOptions...),
-	)
-}
-
-// GetCommonEdits returns the wrapped edits and adds additional edits on top.
-func (m *wrapper) GetCommonEdits() (*cdi.ContainerEdits, error) {
-	edits, err := m.Interface.GetCommonEdits()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	edits.Env = append(edits.Env, image.EnvVarNvidiaVisibleDevices+"=void")
-
-	return edits, nil
-}
-
-// resolveMode resolves the mode for CDI spec generation based on the current system.
-func (l *nvcdilib) resolveMode() (rmode string) {
-	if l.mode != ModeAuto {
-		return l.mode
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		l.logger.Infof("Auto-detected mode as '%v'", rmode)
-	}()
-
-	platform := l.infolib.ResolvePlatform()
-	switch platform {
-	case info.PlatformNVML:
-		return ModeNvml
-	case info.PlatformTegra:
-		return ModeCSV
-	case info.PlatformWSL:
-		return ModeWsl
-	}
-	l.logger.Warningf("Unsupported platform detected: %v; assuming %v", platform, ModeNvml)
-	return ModeNvml
-}
-
 // getCudaVersion returns the CUDA version of the current system.
 func (l *nvcdilib) getCudaVersion() (string, error) {
 	version, err := l.getCudaVersionNvsandboxutils()

pkg/nvcdi/mode.go

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/**
+# Copyright 2024 NVIDIA CORPORATION
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+**/
+
+package nvcdi
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvlib/pkg/nvlib/info"
+)
+
+type Mode string
+
+const (
+	// ModeAuto configures the CDI spec generator to automatically detect the system configuration
+	ModeAuto = Mode("auto")
+	// ModeNvml configures the CDI spec generator to use the NVML library.
+	ModeNvml = Mode("nvml")
+	// ModeWsl configures the CDI spec generator to generate a WSL spec.
+	ModeWsl = Mode("wsl")
+	// ModeManagement configures the CDI spec generator to generate a management spec.
+	ModeManagement = Mode("management")
+	// ModeGds configures the CDI spec generator to generate a GDS spec.
+	ModeGds = Mode("gds")
+	// ModeMofed configures the CDI spec generator to generate a MOFED spec.
+	ModeMofed = Mode("mofed")
+	// ModeCSV configures the CDI spec generator to generate a spec based on the contents of CSV
+	// mountspec files.
+	ModeCSV = Mode("csv")
+	// ModeImex configures the CDI spec generated to generate a spec for the available IMEX channels.
+	ModeImex = Mode("imex")
+)
+
+type modeConstraint interface {
+	string | Mode
+}
+
+type modes struct {
+	lookup map[Mode]bool
+	all    []Mode
+}
+
+var validModes modes
+var validModesOnce sync.Once
+
+func getModes() modes {
+	validModesOnce.Do(func() {
+		all := []Mode{
+			ModeAuto,
+			ModeNvml,
+			ModeWsl,
+			ModeManagement,
+			ModeGds,
+			ModeMofed,
+			ModeCSV,
+		}
+		lookup := make(map[Mode]bool)
+
+		for _, m := range all {
+			lookup[m] = true
+		}
+
+		validModes = modes{
+			lookup: lookup,
+			all:    all,
+		}
+	},
+	)
+	return validModes
+}
+
+// AllModes returns the set of valid modes.
+func AllModes[T modeConstraint]() []T {
+	var output []T
+	for _, m := range getModes().all {
+		output = append(output, T(m))
+	}
+	return output
+}
+
+// IsValidMode checks whether a specified mode is valid.
+func IsValidMode[T modeConstraint](mode T) bool {
+	return getModes().lookup[Mode(mode)]
+}
+
+// resolveMode resolves the mode for CDI spec generation based on the current system.
+func (l *nvcdilib) resolveMode() (rmode Mode) {
+	if l.mode != ModeAuto {
+		return l.mode
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		l.logger.Infof("Auto-detected mode as '%v'", rmode)
+	}()
+
+	platform := l.infolib.ResolvePlatform()
+	switch platform {
+	case info.PlatformNVML:
+		return ModeNvml
+	case info.PlatformTegra:
+		return ModeCSV
+	case info.PlatformWSL:
+		return ModeWsl
+	}
+	l.logger.Warningf("Unsupported platform detected: %v; assuming %v", platform, ModeNvml)
+	return ModeNvml
+}

pkg/nvcdi/namer_nvml_mock.go

@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@
 package nvcdi
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/go-nvml/pkg/nvml"
+	"sync"
 )
 
 // Ensure, that nvmlUUIDerMock does implement nvmlUUIDer.

pkg/nvcdi/options.go

@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ func WithNvmlLib(nvmllib nvml.Interface) Option {
 }
 
 // WithMode sets the discovery mode for the library
-func WithMode(mode string) Option {
+func WithMode[m modeConstraint](mode m) Option {
 	return func(l *nvcdilib) {
-		l.mode = mode
+		l.mode = Mode(mode)
 	}
 }
 

pkg/nvcdi/spec/builder.go

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
-	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/cdi"
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
 	"tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go"
+	cdi "tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/specs-go"
 
 	"github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit/pkg/nvcdi/transform"
 )