diff --git a/backend/apps/audio/main.py b/backend/apps/audio/main.py
index 167db77ba..20519b59b 100644
--- a/backend/apps/audio/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/audio/main.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse, JSONResponse, FileResponse
 from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
-from typing import List
+
 import uuid
 import requests
 import hashlib
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ async def speech(request: Request, user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
                     res = r.json()
                     if "error" in res:
                         error_detail = f"External: {res['error']['message']}"
-                except:
+                except Exception:
                     error_detail = f"External: {e}"
 
             raise HTTPException(
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ async def speech(request: Request, user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
                     res = r.json()
                     if "error" in res:
                         error_detail = f"External: {res['error']['message']}"
-                except:
+                except Exception:
                     error_detail = f"External: {e}"
 
             raise HTTPException(
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ def transcribe(
 
             try:
                 model = WhisperModel(**whisper_kwargs)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 log.warning(
                     "WhisperModel initialization failed, attempting download with local_files_only=False"
                 )
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ def transcribe(
                         res = r.json()
                         if "error" in res:
                             error_detail = f"External: {res['error']['message']}"
-                    except:
+                    except Exception:
                         error_detail = f"External: {e}"
 
                 raise HTTPException(
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ def transcribe(
         )
 
 
-def get_available_models() -> List[dict]:
+def get_available_models() -> list[dict]:
     if app.state.config.TTS_ENGINE == "openai":
         return [{"id": "tts-1"}, {"id": "tts-1-hd"}]
     elif app.state.config.TTS_ENGINE == "elevenlabs":
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ async def get_models(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return {"models": get_available_models()}
 
 
-def get_available_voices() -> List[dict]:
+def get_available_voices() -> list[dict]:
     if app.state.config.TTS_ENGINE == "openai":
         return [
             {"name": "alloy", "id": "alloy"},
diff --git a/backend/apps/images/main.py b/backend/apps/images/main.py
index f4dfc8a73..d2f5ddd5d 100644
--- a/backend/apps/images/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/images/main.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ app.state.config.COMFYUI_FLUX_FP8_CLIP = COMFYUI_FLUX_FP8_CLIP
 
 
 def get_automatic1111_api_auth():
-    if app.state.config.AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH == None:
+    if app.state.config.AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH is None:
         return ""
     else:
         auth1111_byte_string = app.state.config.AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH.encode("utf-8")
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ async def get_engine_url(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
 async def update_engine_url(
     form_data: EngineUrlUpdateForm, user=Depends(get_admin_user)
 ):
-    if form_data.AUTOMATIC1111_BASE_URL == None:
+    if form_data.AUTOMATIC1111_BASE_URL is None:
         app.state.config.AUTOMATIC1111_BASE_URL = AUTOMATIC1111_BASE_URL
     else:
         url = form_data.AUTOMATIC1111_BASE_URL.strip("/")
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ async def update_engine_url(
         except Exception as e:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=ERROR_MESSAGES.INVALID_URL)
 
-    if form_data.COMFYUI_BASE_URL == None:
+    if form_data.COMFYUI_BASE_URL is None:
         app.state.config.COMFYUI_BASE_URL = COMFYUI_BASE_URL
     else:
         url = form_data.COMFYUI_BASE_URL.strip("/")
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ async def update_engine_url(
         except Exception as e:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=ERROR_MESSAGES.INVALID_URL)
 
-    if form_data.AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH == None:
+    if form_data.AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH is None:
         app.state.config.AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH = AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH
     else:
         app.state.config.AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH = form_data.AUTOMATIC1111_API_AUTH
diff --git a/backend/apps/ollama/main.py b/backend/apps/ollama/main.py
index f479ad35c..03a8e198e 100644
--- a/backend/apps/ollama/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/ollama/main.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 import time
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
-from typing import Optional, List, Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from starlette.background import BackgroundTask
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ async def get_ollama_api_urls(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
 
 
 class UrlUpdateForm(BaseModel):
-    urls: List[str]
+    urls: list[str]
 
 
 @app.post("/urls/update")
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ def generate_ollama_embeddings(
 class GenerateCompletionForm(BaseModel):
     model: str
     prompt: str
-    images: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    images: Optional[list[str]] = None
     format: Optional[str] = None
     options: Optional[dict] = None
     system: Optional[str] = None
@@ -689,12 +689,12 @@ async def generate_completion(
 class ChatMessage(BaseModel):
     role: str
     content: str
-    images: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    images: Optional[list[str]] = None
 
 
 class GenerateChatCompletionForm(BaseModel):
     model: str
-    messages: List[ChatMessage]
+    messages: list[ChatMessage]
     format: Optional[str] = None
     options: Optional[dict] = None
     template: Optional[str] = None
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ class OpenAIChatMessage(BaseModel):
 
 class OpenAIChatCompletionForm(BaseModel):
     model: str
-    messages: List[OpenAIChatMessage]
+    messages: list[OpenAIChatMessage]
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/openai/main.py b/backend/apps/openai/main.py
index 50de53a53..d344c6622 100644
--- a/backend/apps/openai/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/openai/main.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from config import (
     MODEL_FILTER_LIST,
     AppConfig,
 )
-from typing import List, Optional, Literal, overload
+from typing import Optional, Literal, overload
 
 
 import hashlib
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ async def update_config(form_data: OpenAIConfigForm, user=Depends(get_admin_user
 
 
 class UrlsUpdateForm(BaseModel):
-    urls: List[str]
+    urls: list[str]
 
 
 class KeysUpdateForm(BaseModel):
-    keys: List[str]
+    keys: list[str]
 
 
 @app.get("/urls")
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/main.py b/backend/apps/rag/main.py
index 8b7cf2dab..f9788556b 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/main.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import os, shutil, logging, re
 from datetime import datetime
 
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Union, Sequence, Iterator, Any
+from typing import Union, Sequence, Iterator, Any
 
 from chromadb.utils.batch_utils import create_batches
 from langchain_core.documents import Document
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ class ChunkParamUpdateForm(BaseModel):
 
 
 class YoutubeLoaderConfig(BaseModel):
-    language: List[str]
+    language: list[str]
     translation: Optional[str] = None
 
 
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ def query_doc_handler(
 
 
 class QueryCollectionsForm(BaseModel):
-    collection_names: List[str]
+    collection_names: list[str]
     query: str
     k: Optional[int] = None
     r: Optional[float] = None
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ class TikaLoader:
         self.file_path = file_path
         self.mime_type = mime_type
 
-    def load(self) -> List[Document]:
+    def load(self) -> list[Document]:
         with open(self.file_path, "rb") as f:
             data = f.read()
 
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ def store_doc(
             f.close()
 
         f = open(file_path, "rb")
-        if collection_name == None:
+        if collection_name is None:
             collection_name = calculate_sha256(f)[:63]
         f.close()
 
@@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ def process_doc(
         f = open(file_path, "rb")
 
         collection_name = form_data.collection_name
-        if collection_name == None:
+        if collection_name is None:
             collection_name = calculate_sha256(f)[:63]
         f.close()
 
@@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ def store_text(
 ):
 
     collection_name = form_data.collection_name
-    if collection_name == None:
+    if collection_name is None:
         collection_name = calculate_sha256_string(form_data.content)
 
     result = store_text_in_vector_db(
@@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@ def scan_docs_dir(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
                         sanitized_filename = sanitize_filename(filename)
                         doc = Documents.get_doc_by_name(sanitized_filename)
 
-                        if doc == None:
+                        if doc is None:
                             doc = Documents.insert_new_doc(
                                 user.id,
                                 DocumentForm(
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/brave.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/brave.py
index 76ad1fb47..681caa976 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/brave.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/brave.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ log.setLevel(SRC_LOG_LEVELS["RAG"])
 
 
 def search_brave(
-    api_key: str, query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    api_key: str, query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using Brave's Search API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/duckduckgo.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/duckduckgo.py
index f0cc2a710..e994ef47a 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/duckduckgo.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/duckduckgo.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
 from duckduckgo_search import DDGS
 from config import SRC_LOG_LEVELS
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ log.setLevel(SRC_LOG_LEVELS["RAG"])
 
 
 def search_duckduckgo(
-    query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """
     Search using DuckDuckGo's Search API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def search_duckduckgo(
         count (int): The number of results to return
 
     Returns:
-        List[SearchResult]: A list of search results
+        list[SearchResult]: A list of search results
     """
     # Use the DDGS context manager to create a DDGS object
     with DDGS() as ddgs:
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/google_pse.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/google_pse.py
index 0c78512e7..7fedb3dad 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/google_pse.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/google_pse.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def search_google_pse(
     search_engine_id: str,
     query: str,
     count: int,
-    filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None,
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using Google's Programmable Search Engine API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/jina_search.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/jina_search.py
index 65f9ad68f..8d1c582a1 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/jina_search.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/jina_search.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def search_jina(query: str, count: int) -> list[SearchResult]:
         count (int): The number of results to return
 
     Returns:
-        List[SearchResult]: A list of search results
+        list[SearchResult]: A list of search results
     """
     jina_search_endpoint = "https://s.jina.ai/"
     headers = {
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/searxng.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/searxng.py
index 6e545e994..94bed2857 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/searxng.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/searxng.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import requests
 
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
 from config import SRC_LOG_LEVELS
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ def search_searxng(
     query_url: str,
     query: str,
     count: int,
-    filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     **kwargs,
-) -> List[SearchResult]:
+) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """
     Search a SearXNG instance for a given query and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ def search_searxng(
         language (str): Language filter for the search results; e.g., "en-US". Defaults to an empty string.
         safesearch (int): Safe search filter for safer web results; 0 = off, 1 = moderate, 2 = strict. Defaults to 1 (moderate).
         time_range (str): Time range for filtering results by date; e.g., "2023-04-05..today" or "all-time". Defaults to ''.
-        categories: (Optional[List[str]]): Specific categories within which the search should be performed, defaulting to an empty string if not provided.
+        categories: (Optional[list[str]]): Specific categories within which the search should be performed, defaulting to an empty string if not provided.
 
     Returns:
-        List[SearchResult]: A list of SearchResults sorted by relevance score in descending order.
+        list[SearchResult]: A list of SearchResults sorted by relevance score in descending order.
 
     Raise:
         requests.exceptions.RequestException: If a request error occurs during the search process.
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/serper.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/serper.py
index b278a4df1..e71fbb628 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/serper.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/serper.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ log.setLevel(SRC_LOG_LEVELS["RAG"])
 
 
 def search_serper(
-    api_key: str, query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    api_key: str, query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using serper.dev's API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/serply.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/serply.py
index 24b249b73..28c15fd78 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/serply.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/serply.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def search_serply(
     limit: int = 10,
     device_type: str = "desktop",
     proxy_location: str = "US",
-    filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None,
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using serper.dev's API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/serpstack.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/serpstack.py
index 64b0f117d..5c19bd134 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/serpstack.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/serpstack.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def search_serpstack(
     api_key: str,
     query: str,
     count: int,
-    filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     https_enabled: bool = True,
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using serpstack.com's and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/tavily.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/tavily.py
index b15d6ef9d..ed4ab6e08 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/tavily.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/tavily.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def search_tavily(api_key: str, query: str, count: int) -> list[SearchResult]:
         query (str): The query to search for
 
     Returns:
-        List[SearchResult]: A list of search results
+        list[SearchResult]: A list of search results
     """
     url = "https://api.tavily.com/search"
     data = {"query": query, "api_key": api_key}
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/utils.py b/backend/apps/rag/utils.py
index fde89b069..034f71292 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/utils.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/utils.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import logging
 import requests
 
-from typing import List, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 from apps.ollama.main import (
     generate_ollama_embeddings,
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def merge_and_sort_query_results(query_results, k, reverse=False):
 
 
 def query_collection(
-    collection_names: List[str],
+    collection_names: list[str],
     query: str,
     embedding_function,
     k: int,
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@ def query_collection(
                 embedding_function=embedding_function,
             )
             results.append(result)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             pass
     return merge_and_sort_query_results(results, k=k)
 
 
 def query_collection_with_hybrid_search(
-    collection_names: List[str],
+    collection_names: list[str],
     query: str,
     embedding_function,
     k: int,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def query_collection_with_hybrid_search(
                 r=r,
             )
             results.append(result)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             pass
     return merge_and_sort_query_results(results, k=k, reverse=True)
 
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ class ChromaRetriever(BaseRetriever):
         query: str,
         *,
         run_manager: CallbackManagerForRetrieverRun,
-    ) -> List[Document]:
+    ) -> list[Document]:
         query_embeddings = self.embedding_function(query)
 
         results = self.collection.query(
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/auths.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/auths.py
index bcea4a367..3cbe8c887 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/auths.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/auths.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class AuthsTable:
                         return None
                 else:
                     return None
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def authenticate_user_by_api_key(self, api_key: str) -> Optional[UserModel]:
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class AuthsTable:
         try:
             user = Users.get_user_by_api_key(api_key)
             return user if user else None
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def authenticate_user_by_trusted_header(self, email: str) -> Optional[UserModel]:
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class AuthsTable:
                 if auth:
                     user = Users.get_user_by_id(auth.id)
                     return user
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def update_user_password_by_id(self, id: str, new_password: str) -> bool:
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class AuthsTable:
                 )
                 db.commit()
                 return True if result == 1 else False
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def update_email_by_id(self, id: str, email: str) -> bool:
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class AuthsTable:
                 result = db.query(Auth).filter_by(id=id).update({"email": email})
                 db.commit()
                 return True if result == 1 else False
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def delete_auth_by_id(self, id: str) -> bool:
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class AuthsTable:
                     return True
                 else:
                     return False
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/chats.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/chats.py
index d504b18c3..be77595ec 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/chats.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/chats.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 import json
 import uuid
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.refresh(chat)
 
                 return self.get_chat_by_id(chat.share_id)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def delete_shared_chat_by_chat_id(self, chat_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def update_chat_share_id_by_id(
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.commit()
                 db.refresh(chat)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def toggle_chat_archive_by_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[ChatModel]:
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.commit()
                 db.refresh(chat)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def archive_all_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -210,12 +210,12 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.query(Chat).filter_by(user_id=user_id).update({"archived": True})
                 db.commit()
                 return True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def get_archived_chat_list_by_user_id(
         self, user_id: str, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50
-    ) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    ) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             all_chats = (
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class ChatTable:
         include_archived: bool = False,
         skip: int = 0,
         limit: int = 50,
-    ) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    ) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             query = db.query(Chat).filter_by(user_id=user_id)
             if not include_archived:
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class ChatTable:
         include_archived: bool = False,
         skip: int = 0,
         limit: int = -1,
-    ) -> List[ChatTitleIdResponse]:
+    ) -> list[ChatTitleIdResponse]:
         with get_db() as db:
             query = db.query(Chat).filter_by(user_id=user_id)
             if not include_archived:
@@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ class ChatTable:
             ]
 
     def get_chat_list_by_chat_ids(
-        self, chat_ids: List[str], skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50
-    ) -> List[ChatModel]:
+        self, chat_ids: list[str], skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50
+    ) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             all_chats = (
                 db.query(Chat)
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class ChatTable:
 
                 chat = db.get(Chat, id)
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def get_chat_by_share_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[ChatModel]:
@@ -319,10 +319,10 @@ class ChatTable:
 
                 chat = db.query(Chat).filter_by(id=id, user_id=user_id).first()
                 return ChatModel.model_validate(chat)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_chats(self, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    def get_chats(self, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             all_chats = (
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class ChatTable:
             )
             return [ChatModel.model_validate(chat) for chat in all_chats]
 
-    def get_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    def get_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             all_chats = (
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class ChatTable:
             )
             return [ChatModel.model_validate(chat) for chat in all_chats]
 
-    def get_archived_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    def get_archived_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             all_chats = (
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True and self.delete_shared_chat_by_chat_id(id)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def delete_chat_by_id_and_user_id(self, id: str, user_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True and self.delete_shared_chat_by_chat_id(id)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def delete_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def delete_shared_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ class ChatTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/documents.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/documents.py
index ac8655da9..4157c2c95 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/documents.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/documents.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import time
 import logging
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class DocumentsTable:
                     return DocumentModel.model_validate(result)
                 else:
                     return None
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
     def get_doc_by_name(self, name: str) -> Optional[DocumentModel]:
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ class DocumentsTable:
 
                 document = db.query(Document).filter_by(name=name).first()
                 return DocumentModel.model_validate(document) if document else None
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_docs(self) -> List[DocumentModel]:
+    def get_docs(self) -> list[DocumentModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class DocumentsTable:
                 db.query(Document).filter_by(name=name).delete()
                 db.commit()
                 return True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/files.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/files.py
index 16272f24a..2de5c33b5 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/files.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/files.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 import time
 import logging
 
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ class FilesTable:
             try:
                 file = db.get(File, id)
                 return FileModel.model_validate(file)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
-    def get_files(self) -> List[FileModel]:
+    def get_files(self) -> list[FileModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [FileModel.model_validate(file) for file in db.query(File).all()]
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class FilesTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return False
 
     def delete_all_files(self) -> bool:
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class FilesTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/functions.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/functions.py
index cb73da694..3afdc1ea9 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/functions.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/functions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 import time
 import logging
 
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ class FunctionsTable:
 
                 function = db.get(Function, id)
                 return FunctionModel.model_validate(function)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_functions(self, active_only=False) -> List[FunctionModel]:
+    def get_functions(self, active_only=False) -> list[FunctionModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             if active_only:
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
 
     def get_functions_by_type(
         self, type: str, active_only=False
-    ) -> List[FunctionModel]:
+    ) -> list[FunctionModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             if active_only:
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                     for function in db.query(Function).filter_by(type=type).all()
                 ]
 
-    def get_global_filter_functions(self) -> List[FunctionModel]:
+    def get_global_filter_functions(self) -> list[FunctionModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                 .all()
             ]
 
-    def get_global_action_functions(self) -> List[FunctionModel]:
+    def get_global_action_functions(self) -> list[FunctionModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             return [
                 FunctionModel.model_validate(function)
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                 db.commit()
                 db.refresh(function)
                 return self.get_function_by_id(id)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
     def get_user_valves_by_id_and_user_id(
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                 )
                 db.commit()
                 return self.get_function_by_id(id)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
     def deactivate_all_functions(self) -> Optional[bool]:
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                 )
                 db.commit()
                 return True
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
     def delete_function_by_id(self, id: str) -> bool:
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/memories.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/memories.py
index 02d4b6924..41bb11ccf 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/memories.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/memories.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from sqlalchemy import Column, String, BigInteger, Text
 
@@ -80,25 +80,25 @@ class MemoriesTable:
                 )
                 db.commit()
                 return self.get_memory_by_id(id)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
-    def get_memories(self) -> List[MemoryModel]:
+    def get_memories(self) -> list[MemoryModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             try:
                 memories = db.query(Memory).all()
                 return [MemoryModel.model_validate(memory) for memory in memories]
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
-    def get_memories_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> List[MemoryModel]:
+    def get_memories_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> list[MemoryModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             try:
                 memories = db.query(Memory).filter_by(user_id=user_id).all()
                 return [MemoryModel.model_validate(memory) for memory in memories]
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
     def get_memory_by_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[MemoryModel]:
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class MemoriesTable:
             try:
                 memory = db.get(Memory, id)
                 return MemoryModel.model_validate(memory)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return None
 
     def delete_memory_by_id(self, id: str) -> bool:
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class MemoriesTable:
 
                 return True
 
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return False
 
     def delete_memories_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class MemoriesTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return False
 
     def delete_memory_by_id_and_user_id(self, id: str, user_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class MemoriesTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/models.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/models.py
index 8277d1d0b..616beb2a9 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/models.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/models.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class ModelsTable:
             print(e)
             return None
 
-    def get_all_models(self) -> List[ModelModel]:
+    def get_all_models(self) -> list[ModelModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             return [ModelModel.model_validate(model) for model in db.query(Model).all()]
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class ModelsTable:
             with get_db() as db:
                 model = db.get(Model, id)
                 return ModelModel.model_validate(model)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def update_model_by_id(self, id: str, model: ModelForm) -> Optional[ModelModel]:
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class ModelsTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/prompts.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/prompts.py
index b8467b631..942f64a43 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/prompts.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/prompts.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import time
 
 from sqlalchemy import String, Column, BigInteger, Text
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ class PromptsTable:
 
                 prompt = db.query(Prompt).filter_by(command=command).first()
                 return PromptModel.model_validate(prompt)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_prompts(self) -> List[PromptModel]:
+    def get_prompts(self) -> list[PromptModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class PromptsTable:
                 prompt.timestamp = int(time.time())
                 db.commit()
                 return PromptModel.model_validate(prompt)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def delete_prompt_by_command(self, command: str) -> bool:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class PromptsTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/tags.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/tags.py
index 7285b6fe2..7ce06cb60 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/tags.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/tags.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 import json
 import uuid
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ class ChatIdTagForm(BaseModel):
 
 
 class TagChatIdsResponse(BaseModel):
-    chat_ids: List[str]
+    chat_ids: list[str]
 
 
 class ChatTagsResponse(BaseModel):
-    tags: List[str]
+    tags: list[str]
 
 
 class TagTable:
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class TagTable:
         self, user_id: str, form_data: ChatIdTagForm
     ) -> Optional[ChatIdTagModel]:
         tag = self.get_tag_by_name_and_user_id(form_data.tag_name, user_id)
-        if tag == None:
+        if tag is None:
             tag = self.insert_new_tag(form_data.tag_name, user_id)
 
         id = str(uuid.uuid4())
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ class TagTable:
                     return ChatIdTagModel.model_validate(result)
                 else:
                     return None
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_tags_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> List[TagModel]:
+    def get_tags_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> list[TagModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             tag_names = [
                 chat_id_tag.tag_name
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class TagTable:
 
     def get_tags_by_chat_id_and_user_id(
         self, chat_id: str, user_id: str
-    ) -> List[TagModel]:
+    ) -> list[TagModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             tag_names = [
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class TagTable:
 
     def get_chat_ids_by_tag_name_and_user_id(
         self, tag_name: str, user_id: str
-    ) -> List[ChatIdTagModel]:
+    ) -> list[ChatIdTagModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/tools.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/tools.py
index 685ce6fcf..c8c56fb97 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/tools.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/tools.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import time
 import logging
 from sqlalchemy import String, Column, BigInteger, Text
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class ToolModel(BaseModel):
     user_id: str
     name: str
     content: str
-    specs: List[dict]
+    specs: list[dict]
     meta: ToolMeta
     updated_at: int  # timestamp in epoch
     created_at: int  # timestamp in epoch
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ToolValves(BaseModel):
 class ToolsTable:
 
     def insert_new_tool(
-        self, user_id: str, form_data: ToolForm, specs: List[dict]
+        self, user_id: str, form_data: ToolForm, specs: list[dict]
     ) -> Optional[ToolModel]:
 
         with get_db() as db:
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ class ToolsTable:
 
                 tool = db.get(Tool, id)
                 return ToolModel.model_validate(tool)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_tools(self) -> List[ToolModel]:
+    def get_tools(self) -> list[ToolModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             return [ToolModel.model_validate(tool) for tool in db.query(Tool).all()]
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class ToolsTable:
                 )
                 db.commit()
                 return self.get_tool_by_id(id)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def get_user_valves_by_id_and_user_id(
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class ToolsTable:
                 tool = db.query(Tool).get(id)
                 db.refresh(tool)
                 return ToolModel.model_validate(tool)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def delete_tool_by_id(self, id: str) -> bool:
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class ToolsTable:
                 db.commit()
 
                 return True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/users.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/users.py
index 2f30cda02..36dfa4f85 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/users.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/users.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, parse_obj_as
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 import time
 
 from sqlalchemy import String, Column, BigInteger, Text
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class UsersTable:
 
                 user = db.query(User).filter_by(api_key=api_key).first()
                 return UserModel.model_validate(user)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def get_user_by_email(self, email: str) -> Optional[UserModel]:
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class UsersTable:
 
                 user = db.query(User).filter_by(email=email).first()
                 return UserModel.model_validate(user)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def get_user_by_oauth_sub(self, sub: str) -> Optional[UserModel]:
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ class UsersTable:
 
                 user = db.query(User).filter_by(oauth_sub=sub).first()
                 return UserModel.model_validate(user)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_users(self, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50) -> List[UserModel]:
+    def get_users(self, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50) -> list[UserModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             users = (
                 db.query(User)
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class UsersTable:
             with get_db() as db:
                 user = db.query(User).order_by(User.created_at).first()
                 return UserModel.model_validate(user)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def update_user_role_by_id(self, id: str, role: str) -> Optional[UserModel]:
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class UsersTable:
                 db.commit()
                 user = db.query(User).filter_by(id=id).first()
                 return UserModel.model_validate(user)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def update_user_profile_image_url_by_id(
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class UsersTable:
 
                 user = db.query(User).filter_by(id=id).first()
                 return UserModel.model_validate(user)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def update_user_last_active_by_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[UserModel]:
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class UsersTable:
 
                 user = db.query(User).filter_by(id=id).first()
                 return UserModel.model_validate(user)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def update_user_oauth_sub_by_id(
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class UsersTable:
 
                 user = db.query(User).filter_by(id=id).first()
                 return UserModel.model_validate(user)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return None
 
     def update_user_by_id(self, id: str, updated: dict) -> Optional[UserModel]:
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ class UsersTable:
                 return True
             else:
                 return False
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def update_user_api_key_by_id(self, id: str, api_key: str) -> str:
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ class UsersTable:
                 result = db.query(User).filter_by(id=id).update({"api_key": api_key})
                 db.commit()
                 return True if result == 1 else False
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return False
 
     def get_user_api_key_by_id(self, id: str) -> Optional[str]:
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/chats.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/chats.py
index 6e89722d3..6621e7337 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/chats.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/chats.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, Request, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 from utils.utils import get_verified_user, get_admin_user
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
-@router.get("/list", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.get("/list", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
 async def get_session_user_chat_list(
     user=Depends(get_verified_user), page: Optional[int] = None
 ):
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ async def delete_all_user_chats(request: Request, user=Depends(get_verified_user
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/list/user/{user_id}", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.get("/list/user/{user_id}", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
 async def get_user_chat_list_by_user_id(
     user_id: str,
     user=Depends(get_admin_user),
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ async def create_new_chat(form_data: ChatForm, user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/all", response_model=List[ChatResponse])
+@router.get("/all", response_model=list[ChatResponse])
 async def get_user_chats(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return [
         ChatResponse(**{**chat.model_dump(), "chat": json.loads(chat.chat)})
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ async def get_user_chats(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/all/archived", response_model=List[ChatResponse])
+@router.get("/all/archived", response_model=list[ChatResponse])
 async def get_user_archived_chats(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return [
         ChatResponse(**{**chat.model_dump(), "chat": json.loads(chat.chat)})
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ async def get_user_archived_chats(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/all/db", response_model=List[ChatResponse])
+@router.get("/all/db", response_model=list[ChatResponse])
 async def get_all_user_chats_in_db(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     if not ENABLE_ADMIN_EXPORT:
         raise HTTPException(
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ async def get_all_user_chats_in_db(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/archived", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.get("/archived", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
 async def get_archived_session_user_chat_list(
     user=Depends(get_verified_user), skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50
 ):
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class TagNameForm(BaseModel):
     limit: Optional[int] = 50
 
 
-@router.post("/tags", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.post("/tags", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
 async def get_user_chat_list_by_tag_name(
     form_data: TagNameForm, user=Depends(get_verified_user)
 ):
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ async def get_user_chat_list_by_tag_name(
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/tags/all", response_model=List[TagModel])
+@router.get("/tags/all", response_model=list[TagModel])
 async def get_all_tags(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     try:
         tags = Tags.get_tags_by_user_id(user.id)
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ async def delete_shared_chat_by_id(id: str, user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/{id}/tags", response_model=List[TagModel])
+@router.get("/{id}/tags", response_model=list[TagModel])
 async def get_chat_tags_by_id(id: str, user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     tags = Tags.get_tags_by_chat_id_and_user_id(id, user.id)
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/configs.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/configs.py
index 39e435013..68c687374 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/configs.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/configs.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from fastapi import Response, Request
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ class SetDefaultModelsForm(BaseModel):
 
 
 class PromptSuggestion(BaseModel):
-    title: List[str]
+    title: list[str]
     content: str
 
 
 class SetDefaultSuggestionsForm(BaseModel):
-    suggestions: List[PromptSuggestion]
+    suggestions: list[PromptSuggestion]
 
 
 ############################
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ async def set_global_default_models(
     return request.app.state.config.DEFAULT_MODELS
 
 
-@router.post("/default/suggestions", response_model=List[PromptSuggestion])
+@router.post("/default/suggestions", response_model=list[PromptSuggestion])
 async def set_global_default_suggestions(
     request: Request,
     form_data: SetDefaultSuggestionsForm,
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ async def set_global_default_suggestions(
 
 
 class SetBannersForm(BaseModel):
-    banners: List[BannerModel]
+    banners: list[BannerModel]
 
 
-@router.post("/banners", response_model=List[BannerModel])
+@router.post("/banners", response_model=list[BannerModel])
 async def set_banners(
     request: Request,
     form_data: SetBannersForm,
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ async def set_banners(
     return request.app.state.config.BANNERS
 
 
-@router.get("/banners", response_model=List[BannerModel])
+@router.get("/banners", response_model=list[BannerModel])
 async def get_banners(
     request: Request,
     user=Depends(get_verified_user),
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/documents.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/documents.py
index 2299b2fee..3bb2aa15b 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/documents.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/documents.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[DocumentResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[DocumentResponse])
 async def get_documents(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     docs = [
         DocumentResponse(
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ async def get_documents(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 @router.post("/create", response_model=Optional[DocumentResponse])
 async def create_new_doc(form_data: DocumentForm, user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     doc = Documents.get_doc_by_name(form_data.name)
-    if doc == None:
+    if doc is None:
         doc = Documents.insert_new_doc(user.id, form_data)
 
         if doc:
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class TagItem(BaseModel):
 
 class TagDocumentForm(BaseModel):
     name: str
-    tags: List[dict]
+    tags: list[dict]
 
 
 @router.post("/doc/tags", response_model=Optional[DocumentResponse])
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/files.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/files.py
index 99fb923a1..ba571fc71 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/files.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/files.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from fastapi import (
 
 
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def upload_file(file: UploadFile = File(...), user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[FileModel])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[FileModel])
 async def list_files(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     files = Files.get_files()
     return files
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/functions.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/functions.py
index eb5216b20..f40d28264 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/functions.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/functions.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status, Request
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[FunctionResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[FunctionResponse])
 async def get_functions(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return Functions.get_functions()
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async def get_functions(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/export", response_model=List[FunctionModel])
+@router.get("/export", response_model=list[FunctionModel])
 async def get_functions(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     return Functions.get_functions()
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ async def create_new_function(
     form_data.id = form_data.id.lower()
 
     function = Functions.get_function_by_id(form_data.id)
-    if function == None:
+    if function is None:
         function_path = os.path.join(FUNCTIONS_DIR, f"{form_data.id}.py")
         try:
             with open(function_path, "w") as function_file:
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ async def delete_function_by_id(
         function_path = os.path.join(FUNCTIONS_DIR, f"{id}.py")
         try:
             os.remove(function_path)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             pass
 
     return result
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/memories.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/memories.py
index 2c473ebe8..a7b5474f0 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/memories.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/memories.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from fastapi import Response, Request
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ async def get_embeddings(request: Request):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[MemoryModel])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[MemoryModel])
 async def get_memories(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return Memories.get_memories_by_user_id(user.id)
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/models.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/models.py
index eeae9e1c4..8faeed7a6 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/models.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status, Request
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ###########################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[ModelResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[ModelResponse])
 async def get_models(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return Models.get_all_models()
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/prompts.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/prompts.py
index c674590e9..39d79362a 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/prompts.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/prompts.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[PromptModel])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[PromptModel])
 async def get_prompts(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return Prompts.get_prompts()
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ async def get_prompts(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 @router.post("/create", response_model=Optional[PromptModel])
 async def create_new_prompt(form_data: PromptForm, user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     prompt = Prompts.get_prompt_by_command(form_data.command)
-    if prompt == None:
+    if prompt is None:
         prompt = Prompts.insert_new_prompt(user.id, form_data)
 
         if prompt:
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/tools.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/tools.py
index 7e60fe4d1..d6da7ae92 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/tools.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/tools.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status, Request
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[ToolResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[ToolResponse])
 async def get_toolkits(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     toolkits = [toolkit for toolkit in Tools.get_tools()]
     return toolkits
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async def get_toolkits(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/export", response_model=List[ToolModel])
+@router.get("/export", response_model=list[ToolModel])
 async def get_toolkits(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     toolkits = [toolkit for toolkit in Tools.get_tools()]
     return toolkits
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/users.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/users.py
index 9627f0b06..543757275 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/users.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/users.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from fastapi import Response, Request
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[UserModel])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[UserModel])
 async def get_users(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50, user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     return Users.get_users(skip, limit)
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/utils.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/utils.py
index 4ffe748b0..7a3c33932 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/utils.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/utils.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from utils.misc import calculate_sha256, get_gravatar_url
 
 from config import OLLAMA_BASE_URLS, DATA_DIR, UPLOAD_DIR, ENABLE_ADMIN_EXPORT
 from constants import ERROR_MESSAGES
-from typing import List
+
 
 router = APIRouter()
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ async def get_html_from_markdown(
 
 class ChatForm(BaseModel):
     title: str
-    messages: List[dict]
+    messages: list[dict]
 
 
 @router.post("/pdf")
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/utils.py b/backend/apps/webui/utils.py
index 34682920b..bf5ebedeb 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/utils.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/utils.py
@@ -93,11 +93,12 @@ def load_function_module_by_id(function_id):
         os.rename(function_path, f"{function_path}.error")
         raise e
 
+
 def install_frontmatter_requirements(requirements):
     if requirements:
-        req_list = [req.strip() for req in requirements.split(',')]
+        req_list = [req.strip() for req in requirements.split(",")]
         for req in req_list:
             print(f"Installing requirement: {req}")
             subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "install", req])
     else:
-        print("No requirements found in frontmatter.")
\ No newline at end of file
+        print("No requirements found in frontmatter.")
diff --git a/backend/config.py b/backend/config.py
index 7d6c0bd7c..07ee06a58 100644
--- a/backend/config.py
+++ b/backend/config.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ ENV = os.environ.get("ENV", "dev")
 
 try:
     PACKAGE_DATA = json.loads((BASE_DIR / "package.json").read_text())
-except:
+except Exception:
     try:
         PACKAGE_DATA = {"version": importlib.metadata.version("open-webui")}
     except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ try:
     with open(str(changelog_path.absolute()), "r", encoding="utf8") as file:
         changelog_content = file.read()
 
-except:
+except Exception:
     changelog_content = (pkgutil.get_data("open_webui", "CHANGELOG.md") or b"").decode()
 
 
@@ -202,12 +202,12 @@ if RESET_CONFIG_ON_START:
         os.remove(f"{DATA_DIR}/config.json")
         with open(f"{DATA_DIR}/config.json", "w") as f:
             f.write("{}")
-    except:
+    except Exception:
         pass
 
 try:
     CONFIG_DATA = json.loads((DATA_DIR / "config.json").read_text())
-except:
+except Exception:
     CONFIG_DATA = {}
 
 
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ if AIOHTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT == "":
 else:
     try:
         AIOHTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT = int(AIOHTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT)
-    except:
+    except Exception:
         AIOHTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT = 300
 
 
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ try:
     OPENAI_API_KEY = OPENAI_API_KEYS.value[
         OPENAI_API_BASE_URLS.value.index("https://api.openai.com/v1")
     ]
-except:
+except Exception:
     pass
 
 OPENAI_API_BASE_URL = "https://api.openai.com/v1"
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ RAG_EMBEDDING_MODEL = PersistentConfig(
     "rag.embedding_model",
     os.environ.get("RAG_EMBEDDING_MODEL", "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2"),
 )
-log.info(f"Embedding model set: {RAG_EMBEDDING_MODEL.value}"),
+log.info(f"Embedding model set: {RAG_EMBEDDING_MODEL.value}")
 
 RAG_EMBEDDING_MODEL_AUTO_UPDATE = (
     os.environ.get("RAG_EMBEDDING_MODEL_AUTO_UPDATE", "").lower() == "true"
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ RAG_RERANKING_MODEL = PersistentConfig(
     os.environ.get("RAG_RERANKING_MODEL", ""),
 )
 if RAG_RERANKING_MODEL.value != "":
-    log.info(f"Reranking model set: {RAG_RERANKING_MODEL.value}"),
+    log.info(f"Reranking model set: {RAG_RERANKING_MODEL.value}")
 
 RAG_RERANKING_MODEL_AUTO_UPDATE = (
     os.environ.get("RAG_RERANKING_MODEL_AUTO_UPDATE", "").lower() == "true"
diff --git a/backend/main.py b/backend/main.py
index 6e4265a5c..d8ce5f5d7 100644
--- a/backend/main.py
+++ b/backend/main.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ from apps.webui.internal.db import Session
 
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from apps.webui.models.auths import Auths
 from apps.webui.models.models import Models
@@ -1883,7 +1883,7 @@ async def get_pipeline_valves(
                 res = r.json()
                 if "detail" in res:
                     detail = res["detail"]
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 pass
 
         raise HTTPException(
@@ -2027,7 +2027,7 @@ async def get_model_filter_config(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
 
 class ModelFilterConfigForm(BaseModel):
     enabled: bool
-    models: List[str]
+    models: list[str]
 
 
 @app.post("/api/config/model/filter")
diff --git a/backend/utils/misc.py b/backend/utils/misc.py
index 05830568b..2eed58f41 100644
--- a/backend/utils/misc.py
+++ b/backend/utils/misc.py
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import hashlib
 import re
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Optional, List, Tuple, Callable
+from typing import Optional, Callable
 import uuid
 import time
 
 from utils.task import prompt_template
 
 
-def get_last_user_message_item(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[dict]:
+def get_last_user_message_item(messages: list[dict]) -> Optional[dict]:
     for message in reversed(messages):
         if message["role"] == "user":
             return message
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def get_content_from_message(message: dict) -> Optional[str]:
     return None
 
 
-def get_last_user_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
+def get_last_user_message(messages: list[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
     message = get_last_user_message_item(messages)
     if message is None:
         return None
@@ -34,31 +34,31 @@ def get_last_user_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
     return get_content_from_message(message)
 
 
-def get_last_assistant_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
+def get_last_assistant_message(messages: list[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
     for message in reversed(messages):
         if message["role"] == "assistant":
             return get_content_from_message(message)
     return None
 
 
-def get_system_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[dict]:
+def get_system_message(messages: list[dict]) -> Optional[dict]:
     for message in messages:
         if message["role"] == "system":
             return message
     return None
 
 
-def remove_system_message(messages: List[dict]) -> List[dict]:
+def remove_system_message(messages: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
     return [message for message in messages if message["role"] != "system"]
 
 
-def pop_system_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Tuple[Optional[dict], List[dict]]:
+def pop_system_message(messages: list[dict]) -> tuple[Optional[dict], list[dict]]:
     return get_system_message(messages), remove_system_message(messages)
 
 
 def prepend_to_first_user_message_content(
-    content: str, messages: List[dict]
-) -> List[dict]:
+    content: str, messages: list[dict]
+) -> list[dict]:
     for message in messages:
         if message["role"] == "user":
             if isinstance(message["content"], list):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def prepend_to_first_user_message_content(
     return messages
 
 
-def add_or_update_system_message(content: str, messages: List[dict]):
+def add_or_update_system_message(content: str, messages: list[dict]):
     """
     Adds a new system message at the beginning of the messages list
     or updates the existing system message at the beginning.
diff --git a/backend/utils/tools.py b/backend/utils/tools.py
index 3e5d82fd6..eac36b5d9 100644
--- a/backend/utils/tools.py
+++ b/backend/utils/tools.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import inspect
-from typing import get_type_hints, List, Dict, Any
+from typing import get_type_hints
 
 
 def doc_to_dict(docstring):
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def doc_to_dict(docstring):
     return ret_dict
 
 
-def get_tools_specs(tools) -> List[dict]:
+def get_tools_specs(tools) -> list[dict]:
     function_list = [
         {"name": func, "function": getattr(tools, func)}
         for func in dir(tools)