diff --git a/backend/apps/audio/main.py b/backend/apps/audio/main.py
index 799d22543..37846d75e 100644
--- a/backend/apps/audio/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/audio/main.py
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ def transcribe(
         )
 
 
-def get_available_models() -> List[dict]:
+def get_available_models() -> list[dict]:
     if app.state.config.TTS_ENGINE == "openai":
         return [{"id": "tts-1"}, {"id": "tts-1-hd"}]
     elif app.state.config.TTS_ENGINE == "elevenlabs":
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ async def get_models(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return {"models": get_available_models()}
 
 
-def get_available_voices() -> List[dict]:
+def get_available_voices() -> list[dict]:
     if app.state.config.TTS_ENGINE == "openai":
         return [
             {"name": "alloy", "id": "alloy"},
diff --git a/backend/apps/ollama/main.py b/backend/apps/ollama/main.py
index f479ad35c..25a98686c 100644
--- a/backend/apps/ollama/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/ollama/main.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ async def get_ollama_api_urls(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
 
 
 class UrlUpdateForm(BaseModel):
-    urls: List[str]
+    urls: list[str]
 
 
 @app.post("/urls/update")
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ def generate_ollama_embeddings(
 class GenerateCompletionForm(BaseModel):
     model: str
     prompt: str
-    images: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    images: Optional[list[str]] = None
     format: Optional[str] = None
     options: Optional[dict] = None
     system: Optional[str] = None
@@ -689,12 +689,12 @@ async def generate_completion(
 class ChatMessage(BaseModel):
     role: str
     content: str
-    images: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    images: Optional[list[str]] = None
 
 
 class GenerateChatCompletionForm(BaseModel):
     model: str
-    messages: List[ChatMessage]
+    messages: list[ChatMessage]
     format: Optional[str] = None
     options: Optional[dict] = None
     template: Optional[str] = None
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ class OpenAIChatMessage(BaseModel):
 
 class OpenAIChatCompletionForm(BaseModel):
     model: str
-    messages: List[OpenAIChatMessage]
+    messages: list[OpenAIChatMessage]
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/openai/main.py b/backend/apps/openai/main.py
index 50de53a53..d344c6622 100644
--- a/backend/apps/openai/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/openai/main.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from config import (
     MODEL_FILTER_LIST,
     AppConfig,
 )
-from typing import List, Optional, Literal, overload
+from typing import Optional, Literal, overload
 
 
 import hashlib
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ async def update_config(form_data: OpenAIConfigForm, user=Depends(get_admin_user
 
 
 class UrlsUpdateForm(BaseModel):
-    urls: List[str]
+    urls: list[str]
 
 
 class KeysUpdateForm(BaseModel):
-    keys: List[str]
+    keys: list[str]
 
 
 @app.get("/urls")
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/main.py b/backend/apps/rag/main.py
index bd181c5f7..f9788556b 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/main.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/main.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import os, shutil, logging, re
 from datetime import datetime
 
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Union, Sequence, Iterator, Any
+from typing import Union, Sequence, Iterator, Any
 
 from chromadb.utils.batch_utils import create_batches
 from langchain_core.documents import Document
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ class ChunkParamUpdateForm(BaseModel):
 
 
 class YoutubeLoaderConfig(BaseModel):
-    language: List[str]
+    language: list[str]
     translation: Optional[str] = None
 
 
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ def query_doc_handler(
 
 
 class QueryCollectionsForm(BaseModel):
-    collection_names: List[str]
+    collection_names: list[str]
     query: str
     k: Optional[int] = None
     r: Optional[float] = None
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ class TikaLoader:
         self.file_path = file_path
         self.mime_type = mime_type
 
-    def load(self) -> List[Document]:
+    def load(self) -> list[Document]:
         with open(self.file_path, "rb") as f:
             data = f.read()
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/brave.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/brave.py
index 76ad1fb47..681caa976 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/brave.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/brave.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ log.setLevel(SRC_LOG_LEVELS["RAG"])
 
 
 def search_brave(
-    api_key: str, query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    api_key: str, query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using Brave's Search API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/duckduckgo.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/duckduckgo.py
index f0cc2a710..e994ef47a 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/duckduckgo.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/duckduckgo.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
 from duckduckgo_search import DDGS
 from config import SRC_LOG_LEVELS
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ log.setLevel(SRC_LOG_LEVELS["RAG"])
 
 
 def search_duckduckgo(
-    query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """
     Search using DuckDuckGo's Search API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def search_duckduckgo(
         count (int): The number of results to return
 
     Returns:
-        List[SearchResult]: A list of search results
+        list[SearchResult]: A list of search results
     """
     # Use the DDGS context manager to create a DDGS object
     with DDGS() as ddgs:
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/google_pse.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/google_pse.py
index 0c78512e7..7fedb3dad 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/google_pse.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/google_pse.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def search_google_pse(
     search_engine_id: str,
     query: str,
     count: int,
-    filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None,
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using Google's Programmable Search Engine API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/jina_search.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/jina_search.py
index 65f9ad68f..8d1c582a1 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/jina_search.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/jina_search.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def search_jina(query: str, count: int) -> list[SearchResult]:
         count (int): The number of results to return
 
     Returns:
-        List[SearchResult]: A list of search results
+        list[SearchResult]: A list of search results
     """
     jina_search_endpoint = "https://s.jina.ai/"
     headers = {
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/searxng.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/searxng.py
index 6e545e994..94bed2857 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/searxng.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/searxng.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 import requests
 
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
 from config import SRC_LOG_LEVELS
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ def search_searxng(
     query_url: str,
     query: str,
     count: int,
-    filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     **kwargs,
-) -> List[SearchResult]:
+) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """
     Search a SearXNG instance for a given query and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ def search_searxng(
         language (str): Language filter for the search results; e.g., "en-US". Defaults to an empty string.
         safesearch (int): Safe search filter for safer web results; 0 = off, 1 = moderate, 2 = strict. Defaults to 1 (moderate).
         time_range (str): Time range for filtering results by date; e.g., "2023-04-05..today" or "all-time". Defaults to ''.
-        categories: (Optional[List[str]]): Specific categories within which the search should be performed, defaulting to an empty string if not provided.
+        categories: (Optional[list[str]]): Specific categories within which the search should be performed, defaulting to an empty string if not provided.
 
     Returns:
-        List[SearchResult]: A list of SearchResults sorted by relevance score in descending order.
+        list[SearchResult]: A list of SearchResults sorted by relevance score in descending order.
 
     Raise:
         requests.exceptions.RequestException: If a request error occurs during the search process.
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/serper.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/serper.py
index b278a4df1..e71fbb628 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/serper.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/serper.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ log.setLevel(SRC_LOG_LEVELS["RAG"])
 
 
 def search_serper(
-    api_key: str, query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    api_key: str, query: str, count: int, filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using serper.dev's API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/serply.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/serply.py
index 24b249b73..28c15fd78 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/serply.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/serply.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def search_serply(
     limit: int = 10,
     device_type: str = "desktop",
     proxy_location: str = "US",
-    filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None,
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using serper.dev's API and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/serpstack.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/serpstack.py
index 64b0f117d..5c19bd134 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/serpstack.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/serpstack.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import requests
 
 from apps.rag.search.main import SearchResult, get_filtered_results
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def search_serpstack(
     api_key: str,
     query: str,
     count: int,
-    filter_list: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    filter_list: Optional[list[str]] = None,
     https_enabled: bool = True,
 ) -> list[SearchResult]:
     """Search using serpstack.com's and return the results as a list of SearchResult objects.
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/search/tavily.py b/backend/apps/rag/search/tavily.py
index b15d6ef9d..ed4ab6e08 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/search/tavily.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/search/tavily.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def search_tavily(api_key: str, query: str, count: int) -> list[SearchResult]:
         query (str): The query to search for
 
     Returns:
-        List[SearchResult]: A list of search results
+        list[SearchResult]: A list of search results
     """
     url = "https://api.tavily.com/search"
     data = {"query": query, "api_key": api_key}
diff --git a/backend/apps/rag/utils.py b/backend/apps/rag/utils.py
index 7fcc9a003..034f71292 100644
--- a/backend/apps/rag/utils.py
+++ b/backend/apps/rag/utils.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import logging
 import requests
 
-from typing import List, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 from apps.ollama.main import (
     generate_ollama_embeddings,
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def merge_and_sort_query_results(query_results, k, reverse=False):
 
 
 def query_collection(
-    collection_names: List[str],
+    collection_names: list[str],
     query: str,
     embedding_function,
     k: int,
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def query_collection(
 
 
 def query_collection_with_hybrid_search(
-    collection_names: List[str],
+    collection_names: list[str],
     query: str,
     embedding_function,
     k: int,
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ class ChromaRetriever(BaseRetriever):
         query: str,
         *,
         run_manager: CallbackManagerForRetrieverRun,
-    ) -> List[Document]:
+    ) -> list[Document]:
         query_embeddings = self.embedding_function(query)
 
         results = self.collection.query(
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/chats.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/chats.py
index 4c4f341e7..be77595ec 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/chats.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/chats.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 import json
 import uuid
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class ChatTable:
 
     def get_archived_chat_list_by_user_id(
         self, user_id: str, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50
-    ) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    ) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             all_chats = (
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class ChatTable:
         include_archived: bool = False,
         skip: int = 0,
         limit: int = 50,
-    ) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    ) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             query = db.query(Chat).filter_by(user_id=user_id)
             if not include_archived:
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class ChatTable:
         include_archived: bool = False,
         skip: int = 0,
         limit: int = -1,
-    ) -> List[ChatTitleIdResponse]:
+    ) -> list[ChatTitleIdResponse]:
         with get_db() as db:
             query = db.query(Chat).filter_by(user_id=user_id)
             if not include_archived:
@@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ class ChatTable:
             ]
 
     def get_chat_list_by_chat_ids(
-        self, chat_ids: List[str], skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50
-    ) -> List[ChatModel]:
+        self, chat_ids: list[str], skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50
+    ) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             all_chats = (
                 db.query(Chat)
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class ChatTable:
         except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_chats(self, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    def get_chats(self, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             all_chats = (
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class ChatTable:
             )
             return [ChatModel.model_validate(chat) for chat in all_chats]
 
-    def get_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    def get_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             all_chats = (
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class ChatTable:
             )
             return [ChatModel.model_validate(chat) for chat in all_chats]
 
-    def get_archived_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> List[ChatModel]:
+    def get_archived_chats_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> list[ChatModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             all_chats = (
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/documents.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/documents.py
index 1c2384aae..4157c2c95 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/documents.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/documents.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import time
 import logging
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class DocumentsTable:
         except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_docs(self) -> List[DocumentModel]:
+    def get_docs(self) -> list[DocumentModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/files.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/files.py
index de4bb0073..2de5c33b5 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/files.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/files.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 import time
 import logging
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class FilesTable:
             except Exception:
                 return None
 
-    def get_files(self) -> List[FileModel]:
+    def get_files(self) -> list[FileModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [FileModel.model_validate(file) for file in db.query(File).all()]
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/functions.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/functions.py
index b8433846c..3afdc1ea9 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/functions.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/functions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 import time
 import logging
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
         except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_functions(self, active_only=False) -> List[FunctionModel]:
+    def get_functions(self, active_only=False) -> list[FunctionModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             if active_only:
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
 
     def get_functions_by_type(
         self, type: str, active_only=False
-    ) -> List[FunctionModel]:
+    ) -> list[FunctionModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             if active_only:
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                     for function in db.query(Function).filter_by(type=type).all()
                 ]
 
-    def get_global_filter_functions(self) -> List[FunctionModel]:
+    def get_global_filter_functions(self) -> list[FunctionModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class FunctionsTable:
                 .all()
             ]
 
-    def get_global_action_functions(self) -> List[FunctionModel]:
+    def get_global_action_functions(self) -> list[FunctionModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             return [
                 FunctionModel.model_validate(function)
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/memories.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/memories.py
index 54a7528dd..41bb11ccf 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/memories.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/memories.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from sqlalchemy import Column, String, BigInteger, Text
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class MemoriesTable:
             except Exception:
                 return None
 
-    def get_memories(self) -> List[MemoryModel]:
+    def get_memories(self) -> list[MemoryModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             try:
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class MemoriesTable:
             except Exception:
                 return None
 
-    def get_memories_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> List[MemoryModel]:
+    def get_memories_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> list[MemoryModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             try:
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/models.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/models.py
index 2b25eb7e3..616beb2a9 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/models.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/models.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class ModelsTable:
             print(e)
             return None
 
-    def get_all_models(self) -> List[ModelModel]:
+    def get_all_models(self) -> list[ModelModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             return [ModelModel.model_validate(model) for model in db.query(Model).all()]
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/prompts.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/prompts.py
index d41969bce..942f64a43 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/prompts.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/prompts.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import time
 
 from sqlalchemy import String, Column, BigInteger, Text
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class PromptsTable:
         except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_prompts(self) -> List[PromptModel]:
+    def get_prompts(self) -> list[PromptModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/tags.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/tags.py
index 63a8cb4ca..7ce06cb60 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/tags.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/tags.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 import json
 import uuid
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ class ChatIdTagForm(BaseModel):
 
 
 class TagChatIdsResponse(BaseModel):
-    chat_ids: List[str]
+    chat_ids: list[str]
 
 
 class ChatTagsResponse(BaseModel):
-    tags: List[str]
+    tags: list[str]
 
 
 class TagTable:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class TagTable:
         except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_tags_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> List[TagModel]:
+    def get_tags_by_user_id(self, user_id: str) -> list[TagModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             tag_names = [
                 chat_id_tag.tag_name
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class TagTable:
 
     def get_tags_by_chat_id_and_user_id(
         self, chat_id: str, user_id: str
-    ) -> List[TagModel]:
+    ) -> list[TagModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             tag_names = [
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class TagTable:
 
     def get_chat_ids_by_tag_name_and_user_id(
         self, tag_name: str, user_id: str
-    ) -> List[ChatIdTagModel]:
+    ) -> list[ChatIdTagModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
 
             return [
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/tools.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/tools.py
index a7b585d75..c8c56fb97 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/tools.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/tools.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 import time
 import logging
 from sqlalchemy import String, Column, BigInteger, Text
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class ToolModel(BaseModel):
     user_id: str
     name: str
     content: str
-    specs: List[dict]
+    specs: list[dict]
     meta: ToolMeta
     updated_at: int  # timestamp in epoch
     created_at: int  # timestamp in epoch
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ToolValves(BaseModel):
 class ToolsTable:
 
     def insert_new_tool(
-        self, user_id: str, form_data: ToolForm, specs: List[dict]
+        self, user_id: str, form_data: ToolForm, specs: list[dict]
     ) -> Optional[ToolModel]:
 
         with get_db() as db:
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class ToolsTable:
         except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_tools(self) -> List[ToolModel]:
+    def get_tools(self) -> list[ToolModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             return [ToolModel.model_validate(tool) for tool in db.query(Tool).all()]
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/models/users.py b/backend/apps/webui/models/users.py
index be0063ea0..36dfa4f85 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/models/users.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/models/users.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, parse_obj_as
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 import time
 
 from sqlalchemy import String, Column, BigInteger, Text
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class UsersTable:
         except Exception:
             return None
 
-    def get_users(self, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50) -> List[UserModel]:
+    def get_users(self, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50) -> list[UserModel]:
         with get_db() as db:
             users = (
                 db.query(User)
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/chats.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/chats.py
index 6e89722d3..6621e7337 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/chats.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/chats.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, Request, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 from utils.utils import get_verified_user, get_admin_user
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
-@router.get("/list", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.get("/list", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
 async def get_session_user_chat_list(
     user=Depends(get_verified_user), page: Optional[int] = None
 ):
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ async def delete_all_user_chats(request: Request, user=Depends(get_verified_user
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/list/user/{user_id}", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.get("/list/user/{user_id}", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
 async def get_user_chat_list_by_user_id(
     user_id: str,
     user=Depends(get_admin_user),
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ async def create_new_chat(form_data: ChatForm, user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/all", response_model=List[ChatResponse])
+@router.get("/all", response_model=list[ChatResponse])
 async def get_user_chats(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return [
         ChatResponse(**{**chat.model_dump(), "chat": json.loads(chat.chat)})
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ async def get_user_chats(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/all/archived", response_model=List[ChatResponse])
+@router.get("/all/archived", response_model=list[ChatResponse])
 async def get_user_archived_chats(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return [
         ChatResponse(**{**chat.model_dump(), "chat": json.loads(chat.chat)})
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ async def get_user_archived_chats(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/all/db", response_model=List[ChatResponse])
+@router.get("/all/db", response_model=list[ChatResponse])
 async def get_all_user_chats_in_db(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     if not ENABLE_ADMIN_EXPORT:
         raise HTTPException(
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ async def get_all_user_chats_in_db(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/archived", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.get("/archived", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
 async def get_archived_session_user_chat_list(
     user=Depends(get_verified_user), skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50
 ):
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class TagNameForm(BaseModel):
     limit: Optional[int] = 50
 
 
-@router.post("/tags", response_model=List[ChatTitleIdResponse])
+@router.post("/tags", response_model=list[ChatTitleIdResponse])
 async def get_user_chat_list_by_tag_name(
     form_data: TagNameForm, user=Depends(get_verified_user)
 ):
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ async def get_user_chat_list_by_tag_name(
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/tags/all", response_model=List[TagModel])
+@router.get("/tags/all", response_model=list[TagModel])
 async def get_all_tags(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     try:
         tags = Tags.get_tags_by_user_id(user.id)
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ async def delete_shared_chat_by_id(id: str, user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/{id}/tags", response_model=List[TagModel])
+@router.get("/{id}/tags", response_model=list[TagModel])
 async def get_chat_tags_by_id(id: str, user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     tags = Tags.get_tags_by_chat_id_and_user_id(id, user.id)
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/configs.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/configs.py
index 39e435013..68c687374 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/configs.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/configs.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from fastapi import Response, Request
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ class SetDefaultModelsForm(BaseModel):
 
 
 class PromptSuggestion(BaseModel):
-    title: List[str]
+    title: list[str]
     content: str
 
 
 class SetDefaultSuggestionsForm(BaseModel):
-    suggestions: List[PromptSuggestion]
+    suggestions: list[PromptSuggestion]
 
 
 ############################
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ async def set_global_default_models(
     return request.app.state.config.DEFAULT_MODELS
 
 
-@router.post("/default/suggestions", response_model=List[PromptSuggestion])
+@router.post("/default/suggestions", response_model=list[PromptSuggestion])
 async def set_global_default_suggestions(
     request: Request,
     form_data: SetDefaultSuggestionsForm,
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ async def set_global_default_suggestions(
 
 
 class SetBannersForm(BaseModel):
-    banners: List[BannerModel]
+    banners: list[BannerModel]
 
 
-@router.post("/banners", response_model=List[BannerModel])
+@router.post("/banners", response_model=list[BannerModel])
 async def set_banners(
     request: Request,
     form_data: SetBannersForm,
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ async def set_banners(
     return request.app.state.config.BANNERS
 
 
-@router.get("/banners", response_model=List[BannerModel])
+@router.get("/banners", response_model=list[BannerModel])
 async def get_banners(
     request: Request,
     user=Depends(get_verified_user),
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/documents.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/documents.py
index 5043959c7..3bb2aa15b 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/documents.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/documents.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[DocumentResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[DocumentResponse])
 async def get_documents(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     docs = [
         DocumentResponse(
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class TagItem(BaseModel):
 
 class TagDocumentForm(BaseModel):
     name: str
-    tags: List[dict]
+    tags: list[dict]
 
 
 @router.post("/doc/tags", response_model=Optional[DocumentResponse])
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/files.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/files.py
index 99fb923a1..ba571fc71 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/files.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/files.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from fastapi import (
 
 
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def upload_file(file: UploadFile = File(...), user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[FileModel])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[FileModel])
 async def list_files(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     files = Files.get_files()
     return files
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/functions.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/functions.py
index 3e7737c04..f40d28264 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/functions.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/functions.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status, Request
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[FunctionResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[FunctionResponse])
 async def get_functions(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return Functions.get_functions()
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async def get_functions(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/export", response_model=List[FunctionModel])
+@router.get("/export", response_model=list[FunctionModel])
 async def get_functions(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     return Functions.get_functions()
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/memories.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/memories.py
index 2c473ebe8..a7b5474f0 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/memories.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/memories.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from fastapi import Response, Request
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ async def get_embeddings(request: Request):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[MemoryModel])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[MemoryModel])
 async def get_memories(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return Memories.get_memories_by_user_id(user.id)
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/models.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/models.py
index eeae9e1c4..8faeed7a6 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/models.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status, Request
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ###########################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[ModelResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[ModelResponse])
 async def get_models(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return Models.get_all_models()
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/prompts.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/prompts.py
index bdab6d556..39d79362a 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/prompts.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/prompts.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[PromptModel])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[PromptModel])
 async def get_prompts(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     return Prompts.get_prompts()
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/tools.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/tools.py
index 7e60fe4d1..d6da7ae92 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/tools.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/tools.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status, Request
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[ToolResponse])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[ToolResponse])
 async def get_toolkits(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
     toolkits = [toolkit for toolkit in Tools.get_tools()]
     return toolkits
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async def get_toolkits(user=Depends(get_verified_user)):
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/export", response_model=List[ToolModel])
+@router.get("/export", response_model=list[ToolModel])
 async def get_toolkits(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     toolkits = [toolkit for toolkit in Tools.get_tools()]
     return toolkits
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/users.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/users.py
index 9627f0b06..543757275 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/users.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/users.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from fastapi import Response, Request
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 ############################
 
 
-@router.get("/", response_model=List[UserModel])
+@router.get("/", response_model=list[UserModel])
 async def get_users(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 50, user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
     return Users.get_users(skip, limit)
 
diff --git a/backend/apps/webui/routers/utils.py b/backend/apps/webui/routers/utils.py
index 4ffe748b0..9c2f809db 100644
--- a/backend/apps/webui/routers/utils.py
+++ b/backend/apps/webui/routers/utils.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ async def get_html_from_markdown(
 
 class ChatForm(BaseModel):
     title: str
-    messages: List[dict]
+    messages: list[dict]
 
 
 @router.post("/pdf")
diff --git a/backend/main.py b/backend/main.py
index 3bb5adb8f..d8ce5f5d7 100644
--- a/backend/main.py
+++ b/backend/main.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ from apps.webui.internal.db import Session
 
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from apps.webui.models.auths import Auths
 from apps.webui.models.models import Models
@@ -2027,7 +2027,7 @@ async def get_model_filter_config(user=Depends(get_admin_user)):
 
 class ModelFilterConfigForm(BaseModel):
     enabled: bool
-    models: List[str]
+    models: list[str]
 
 
 @app.post("/api/config/model/filter")
diff --git a/backend/utils/misc.py b/backend/utils/misc.py
index 05830568b..ade8d93b5 100644
--- a/backend/utils/misc.py
+++ b/backend/utils/misc.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import time
 from utils.task import prompt_template
 
 
-def get_last_user_message_item(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[dict]:
+def get_last_user_message_item(messages: list[dict]) -> Optional[dict]:
     for message in reversed(messages):
         if message["role"] == "user":
             return message
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def get_content_from_message(message: dict) -> Optional[str]:
     return None
 
 
-def get_last_user_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
+def get_last_user_message(messages: list[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
     message = get_last_user_message_item(messages)
     if message is None:
         return None
@@ -34,31 +34,31 @@ def get_last_user_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
     return get_content_from_message(message)
 
 
-def get_last_assistant_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
+def get_last_assistant_message(messages: list[dict]) -> Optional[str]:
     for message in reversed(messages):
         if message["role"] == "assistant":
             return get_content_from_message(message)
     return None
 
 
-def get_system_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Optional[dict]:
+def get_system_message(messages: list[dict]) -> Optional[dict]:
     for message in messages:
         if message["role"] == "system":
             return message
     return None
 
 
-def remove_system_message(messages: List[dict]) -> List[dict]:
+def remove_system_message(messages: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
     return [message for message in messages if message["role"] != "system"]
 
 
-def pop_system_message(messages: List[dict]) -> Tuple[Optional[dict], List[dict]]:
+def pop_system_message(messages: list[dict]) -> Tuple[Optional[dict], list[dict]]:
     return get_system_message(messages), remove_system_message(messages)
 
 
 def prepend_to_first_user_message_content(
-    content: str, messages: List[dict]
-) -> List[dict]:
+    content: str, messages: list[dict]
+) -> list[dict]:
     for message in messages:
         if message["role"] == "user":
             if isinstance(message["content"], list):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def prepend_to_first_user_message_content(
     return messages
 
 
-def add_or_update_system_message(content: str, messages: List[dict]):
+def add_or_update_system_message(content: str, messages: list[dict]):
     """
     Adds a new system message at the beginning of the messages list
     or updates the existing system message at the beginning.
diff --git a/backend/utils/tools.py b/backend/utils/tools.py
index 3e5d82fd6..76d616c59 100644
--- a/backend/utils/tools.py
+++ b/backend/utils/tools.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def doc_to_dict(docstring):
     return ret_dict
 
 
-def get_tools_specs(tools) -> List[dict]:
+def get_tools_specs(tools) -> list[dict]:
     function_list = [
         {"name": func, "function": getattr(tools, func)}
         for func in dir(tools)