# Core Data Structures

English | [中文](core.zh.md)

This folder catalogs the **data structures** of the DeepSeek Harness — what each core type represents, its literal shape, and where the full detail lives. It complements [architecture.md](../architecture.md), which describes *behavior* (the service map, the session/turn/step lifecycle, the event taxonomy); this page describes the *vocabulary* that behavior moves around.

## What counts as "core"

The harness is a microkernel: a tiny core plus many plugins. Most types belong to one plugin or one capability. A handful, though, are the **spine** — the language the agent loop and its events traffic in on *every* turn, no matter which optional plugins are loaded. Those are "core".

Precisely, a data structure is **core** if either:

1. it flows through the agent-loop spine — the loop holds it, derives it, streams it, or logs it on every turn (a `Message`, a `StreamChunk`, a `SessionEvent`, the `Agent` handle itself), independent of which plugins are present; **or**
2. it is the single headline type a plugin author writes against a pipeline — `ToolDefinition` (what every tool *is*).

Everything else is documented on a **sub-page**, not here. The rule that draws the line: *the type you write, hold, or receive is core; the machinery that types it, renders it, or persists it is a sub-page detail.* So `ToolDefinition` is core, but the `ValueSchemaSpec`/`ParameterSchemaSpec` inference machinery that types it, the `ToolCallView`/`ToolResultView` render-intent vocabulary that renders it, and the `SessionPersistence` seam that stores the event log are not — they live on the sub-pages below.

| Sub-page | Owns |
|---|---|
| [llm-streaming.md](llm-streaming.md) | the `StreamChunk` wire protocol + adapter contract, `BlockAssembler`, the `LlmAdapter` seam |
| [token-meter.md](token-meter.md) | immutable scalar and positional replay measurements with consumed-log revisions |
| [scope.md](scope.md) | scoped registration identity, dispatch carriers, and the owned `Scope` context |
| [goal.md](goal.md) | persisted goal identity, lifecycle snapshots, activation, change records, and round attribution |
| [commands.md](commands.md) | the human-command seam: definitions, adapter discovery, direct invocation, results, and parsing views |
| [session.md](session.md) | the full `SessionEventMap` variant catalog, `TurnTrigger`/`TurnEndReason`, `deriveMessages()`, the turn-enclosure invariant |
| [persistence.md](persistence.md) | the durability seam: `SessionPersistence`, JSONL + SQLite backends, `session/flush`, crash recovery, `SessionHeader` |
| [session-query.md](session-query.md) | logical records, bounded exact-event reads, relationship traces, semantic filters/documents, and full-text result pages |
| [session-title.md](session-title.md) | durable title snapshots, source provenance, and the asynchronous provider contract |
| [system-prompt.md](system-prompt.md) | per-assembly context, tool-provider results, prompt sections, and cooperative assembly |
| [tools.md](tools.md) | `ToolDefinition` full fields, the schema DSL, `ToolExecution`/`ToolResult`, tool-presentation UI types, and the guarded execution pipeline |
| [user-interaction.md](user-interaction.md) | the UI-backed human question/answer seam: `AskUserQuestionRequest`, answer/options vocabulary, provider API, error taxonomy |
| [approval.md](approval.md) | the one-shot user-approval seam: `ApprovalRequest`, `ApprovalOutcome`, per-session policy, audit and answerer contracts |
| [bash.md](bash.md) | the bash executor seam: `BashExecRequest`/`Spec`, `BashRunResult`, background `BashProcess` handles |
| [pty.md](pty.md) | persistent terminal ids, backend/session contracts, send readiness, bounded reads, and owner-visible snapshots |
| [sandbox.md](sandbox.md) | per-session policy resolution and the process-confinement seam: file-effect modes, execution/provider policies, `ConfinedArgv`, enforcement and fail-closed errors |
| [code-runtime.md](code-runtime.md) | the code-execution seam: `CodeRunRequest`/`Result`, binding namespaces, captured logs, the `CodeRunFailure` taxonomy |
| [filesystem.md](filesystem.md) | the filesystem seam: `FsTarget`, read/write/edit outcomes, observed-file state, `FsErrorCode` |
| [lsp.md](lsp.md) | the LSP navigation seam: `LspQueryRequest`/`Result`, `LspProvider`/`Service`, four operations, `LspError` |
| [skills.md](skills.md) | the skill service: discovery priority, `SkillSummary`/`SkillDefinition`, session-prefix catalog, model-facing `skill` loading |
| [compaction.md](compaction.md) | the compaction seam: the `compact/*` session events, `CompactionResult`, the `CompactService` interface |
| [subagent.md](subagent.md) | the subagent seam: the named-provider registry, `SubagentStartRequest`/`Result`/`Run`, the start-time-vs-runtime capability split |
| [web.md](web.md) | the web access seam: `WebSearchRequest`/`Result`, `WebFetchRequest`/`Result`, `WebFetchBody`, provider availability, `WebError` |
| [spill.md](spill.md) | the spill storage seam: `SaveTextSpill`, `SpillOwner`/`SpillSource`, `SpillRef`, the branded `SpillLocator` |
| [workflow.md](workflow.md) | the workflow seam: `WorkflowStartRequest`, `WorkflowMeta`, `WorkflowRun`/`Result`, the `workflow/*` event payloads, `WorkflowError` fatality |

> Type declarations and their JSDoc on these pages are source-equivalent and drift-checked by `pnpm run verify-type-equiv` (see [development.md](../development.md#documenting-types-verbatim-ts-type-equiv)). Ordinary blocks preserve complete declarations; `public-api` blocks preserve body-stripped public class declarations. Cordis services use the generated [service catalog](../cordis-catalog/services.md).

## The `…Map → derived-union` pattern

Almost every extensible sum type in the harness follows one shape: an interface keyed by a discriminant tag (the `…Map`), from which the union is derived with `keyof`. Plugins add variants by **declaration merging** — no edit to the owning package.

```ts ignore-check
// The pattern, schematically:
interface ThingMap {
  'a': { kind: 'a'; /* … */ }
  'b': { kind: 'b'; /* … */ }
}
type ThingKind = keyof ThingMap          // 'a' | 'b'
type Thing = ThingMap[keyof ThingMap]    // the discriminated union

// A plugin extends it without touching the source package:
declare module '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm' {
  interface ThingMap {
    'c': { kind: 'c'; /* … */ }
  }
}
```

Six canonical maps use this pattern; a plugin author extends these:

| Map | Package | Derives | Catalog |
|---|---|---|---|
| `ContentBlockMap` | dsh-llm | `ContentBlock` | [below](#content-blocks-and-messages) |
| `MessageSourceMap` | dsh-llm | `MessageSource` | [below](#content-blocks-and-messages) |
| `FinishReasonMap` | dsh-llm | `FinishReason` | [below](#the-model-request-and-result) |
| `TurnTriggerMap` | dsh-session | `TurnTrigger` | [session.md](session.md) |
| `TurnEndReasonMap` | dsh-session | `TurnEndReason` | [session.md](session.md) |
| `SessionEventMap` | dsh-session | `SessionEvent` | [session.md](session.md) |

Two large discriminated unions are the ones consumers `switch` over most: **`StreamChunk`** (the streaming protocol) and **`SessionEvent`** (the log entry). Per the repo convention, `switch` on the tag — don't chain `if`s — so each arm narrows and a typo'd tag fails to compile.

## Branded IDs

IDs that cross package boundaries are **branded** — structurally strings, but non-interchangeable at the type level (a `SessionId` cannot be passed where a `CallId` is expected). Construction goes through a per-type factory; comparison, logging, and JSON behave as ordinary strings.

The `Branded<B>` primitive lives in its own type-only package, [dsh-brand](../../packages/util/brand) (no runtime code, no harness-package dependency), so any package can brand the ids it owns without depending on an unrelated capability package.

Source: [`packages/util/brand/src/index.ts`](../../packages/util/brand/src/index.ts)

```ts type-equiv
/** A string carrying a compile-time-only brand `B`. */
type Branded<B extends string> = string & { readonly [BRAND]: B }
```

The two core IDs are `CallId` (correlates a tool call with its result; dsh-llm) and `SessionId` (the shared live agent and durable session identity; dsh-session). Capability packages brand their own ids too, such as `TaskId` in [tasks.md](tasks.md).

## Content blocks and messages

A conversation is `Message`s; a message is an array of typed **content blocks**. The block union derives from `ContentBlockMap`.

Source: [`packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts`](../../packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts)

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * Merge-extensible content blocks keyed by `type`. New core blocks must land
 * with adapter, UI, and compaction support.
 */
interface ContentBlockMap {
  'text': TextBlock
  'reasoning': ReasoningBlock
  'tool-call': ToolCallBlock
  'tool-result': ToolResultBlock
}
```

The block interfaces (full fields in source): `TextBlock` (`text`), `ReasoningBlock` (thinking, distinct from visible text), `ToolCallBlock` (`id: CallId`, `name`, raw-JSON `arguments`), `ToolResultBlock` (`toolCallId`, nested `content: ContentBlock[]`, `isError?`). `ContentBlock = ContentBlockMap[ContentBlockType]`. The core set is limited to blocks every shipping path honors — multimodal content (images, audio, …) has no core block type; a feature that needs one adds it via the merge-extensible map together with the adapter/UI/compaction support that honors it.

A `Message` is a role plus blocks. Loop-derived assistant messages carry their durable provider/model identity and optional adapter-private replay metadata:

```ts type-equiv
/** Provider ownership and adapter-private replay data for an assistant message. */
interface AssistantProvenance {
  /** Provider route that produced the message. */
  provider: string
  /** Provider model id that produced the message. */
  model: string
  /**
   * Lossless-JSON adapter state needed to replay the provider response.
   * `LlmService` exposes it to a target adapter only when that adapter instance
   * currently owns both this historical provider and the target provider.
   */
  replayState?: unknown
}
```

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * A single message in a conversation history. Loop-derived assistant messages
 * always carry provenance; callers may omit it on hand-built foreign history.
 */
interface Message {
  role: 'system' | 'user' | 'assistant'
  content: ContentBlock[]
  /** Present only on assistant messages produced by a routed adapter. */
  provenance?: AssistantProvenance
}
```

Where a message came from is itself a merge-extensible sum type:

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * Where a message (or injected content) came from.
 * Merge-extensible sum type — plugins add their own `kind`s.
 */
interface MessageSourceMap {
  user: { kind: 'user' }
  plugin: { kind: 'plugin'; plugin: string }
}
```

## Streaming

Adapters emit a raw **chunk** protocol; the loop logs the chunks (replay fidelity) while feeding the same chunks through a `BlockAssembler` to rebuild blocks and messages. `StreamChunk` is a closed discriminated union over `type` — `block-start`, `text-delta`, `reasoning-delta`, `tool-call-delta`, `block-end`, `usage`, `finish`.

The full union, the adapter contract (usage-before-finish, raw-JSON tool arguments, the two sanctioned error paths), and `BlockAssembler` live on **[llm-streaming.md](llm-streaming.md)**.

<a id="the-model-request-and-result"></a>

## The model request

One model call is a fully-assembled `GenerateOptions`. The adapter answers with a raw `StreamChunk` stream; the consumer assembles it with `BlockAssembler` (see [llm-streaming.md](llm-streaming.md)).

Source: [`packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts`](../../packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts)

Provider and model discovery uses small provider-neutral descriptors. A model catalog is advisory: routing still keys on a registered provider, and an adapter may accept unlisted model ids.

```ts type-equiv
/** Display metadata for one registered provider route. */
interface LlmProviderInfo {
  /** Provider route key used by {@link GenerateOptions.provider}. */
  id: string
  /** Human-readable provider name for selectors and diagnostics. */
  name: string
}
```

```ts type-equiv
/** One adapter-discovered model; catalog membership is advisory, not request validation. */
interface LlmModelInfo {
  /** Provider route that owns this model entry. */
  provider: string
  /** Model id passed to {@link GenerateOptions.model}. */
  id: string
  /** Human-readable model name for selectors. */
  name: string
  /** Optional user-facing distinction from otherwise similar models. */
  description?: string
}
```

Correctness-sensitive metadata is resolved separately from the advisory catalog and is owned by the adapter serving the exact route. Context capacity and reasoning choices share one exact-model result so consumers do not repeat authoritative model resolution.

```ts type-equiv
/** Provider-owned context capacity for one exact provider/model route. */
interface LlmModelContext {
  /** Maximum combined request and response context in tokens. */
  contextWindow: number
}
```

Reasoning effort is another exact-route capability. The core brands identifiers but does not enumerate their values; each adapter owns the ordered set, display names, and optional deployment default.

```ts type-equiv
/** Adapter-owned identifier for one model's selectable reasoning effort. */
type ReasoningEffortId = Branded<'ReasoningEffortId'>
```

```ts type-equiv
/** Display metadata for one adapter-owned reasoning effort. */
interface LlmReasoningEffortInfo {
  /** Opaque stable value accepted by {@link GenerateOptions.reasoningEffort}. */
  id: ReasoningEffortId
  /** Human-readable effort name for selectors and diagnostics. */
  name: string
  /** Optional user-facing distinction from otherwise similar efforts. */
  description?: string
}
```

```ts type-equiv
/** Selectable reasoning efforts for one exact provider/model route. */
interface LlmModelReasoningInfo {
  /** Supported efforts in adapter-preferred display order. */
  efforts: readonly LlmReasoningEffortInfo[]
  /**
   * Adapter-configured default materialized into requests when callers omit
   * an effort. Absence preserves the provider's own default.
   */
  defaultEffort?: ReasoningEffortId
}
```

```ts type-equiv
/** Exact-route model metadata resolved by its owning adapter. */
interface LlmResolvedModelInfo extends LlmModelInfo {
  /** Provider-owned context capacity when known. */
  context?: LlmModelContext
  /** Adapter-owned selectable reasoning levels when exposed. */
  reasoning?: LlmModelReasoningInfo
}
```

```ts type-equiv
/** A single model request, fully assembled. */
interface GenerateOptions {
  /** Registered provider route selecting the adapter instance. */
  provider: string
  model: string
  /** Adapter-owned reasoning effort selected for this exact model. */
  reasoningEffort?: ReasoningEffortId
  /**
   * Ordered conversation messages, exactly as the provider sees them (after
   * the `system` slot). A loop-built request assembles them as
   * `EpochHeader.messagePrefix` + the derived history (dsh-agent-loop); a
   * hand-built one-shot passes any list.
   */
  messages: Message[]
  /** System prompt text (adapters map to the provider's system slot). */
  system?: string
  /** Tool schemas (adapters map to the provider's `tools` field). */
  tools?: ToolSchema[]
  temperature?: number
  maxTokens?: number
  /**
   * Stop sequences: generation halts as soon as the model produces any one of
   * these strings (adapters map to the provider's stop field, e.g. OpenAI
   * `stop`). The stop string itself is not included in the output.
   */
  stop?: string[]
  signal?: AbortSignal
  /**
   * Session identity stamped by the loop for listener routing. Adapters ignore
   * it; replay uses it to keep concurrent parent and child cursors independent.
   */
  sessionId?: Branded<'SessionId'>
  /**
   * Provider-neutral classification for an auxiliary model call. Adapters may
   * map the purpose to model-hidden transport metadata or purpose-specific
   * generation policy. Ordinary conversation requests leave it unset.
   */
  purpose?: 'compaction' | 'session-title'
}
```

Why a model response stopped is a merge-extensible reason. Terminal provider failures carry the streaming contract's [`LlmFailure`](llm-streaming.md#llmfailure):

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * Why a model response stopped.
 * Merge-extensible so adapters can surface provider-specific reasons.
 */
interface FinishReasonMap {
  'stop': { kind: 'stop' }
  'tool-calls': { kind: 'tool-calls' }
  'max-tokens': { kind: 'max-tokens' }
  'aborted': { kind: 'aborted'; failure: LlmFailure }
  'error': { kind: 'error'; failure: LlmFailure }
}
```

`FinishReason = FinishReasonMap[keyof FinishReasonMap]`. `TokenUsage` (per-call accounting with disjoint cache fields) is detailed on [llm-streaming.md](llm-streaming.md).

`GenerateOptions.tools` carries `ToolSchema` — the JSON-schema description of a tool, as sent to the model. It is declared in dsh-llm (not dsh-tools) precisely because it is part of the request the loop assembles every step:

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * JSON-schema description of a tool, as sent to the model.
 *
 * Declared here (not in dsh-tools) because it is part of {@link GenerateOptions};
 * dsh-tools' ToolDefinition and dsh-system-prompt's PromptAssembly both import
 * it from this package.
 */
interface ToolSchema {
  name: string
  description: string
  /** JSON Schema object for the arguments. */
  parameters: Record<string, unknown>
}
```

The model-facing `ToolSchema` is the wire shape; the registered `ToolDefinition` that produces it (schema + `execute`) is on [tools.md](tools.md).

### The request envelope: `LlmCallConfig` and the logged header

The loop builds each request from logged state. `EpochHeader` records call config, rendered prompt, authoritative returned tool order (configured by `toolOrder`, or lexicographic when unset), and session prefix through full `request/header` snapshots. Together with derived history, this makes the request reconstructable from the session log. See [session.md](session.md#the-request-header-event-requestheader) and the [reconstructability Agent Note](../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-05-reconstructable-requests.md).

`agent/request` receives a frozen call-config seed and may return a replacement to switch provider, model, reasoning effort, or sampling. After the waterfall, the loop prepares the exact model capability under the turn signal, rejects unsupported explicit effort ids without clamping, materializes an adapter-configured default, and logs the effective value. The prepared call keeps one adapter registration through dispatch. `agent/session-prefix` composes request-only prefix messages once per loop instance, and the header records the exact result used. Requests reaching `llm/stream` are deep-frozen, so mutation throws, and carry a process-local loop identity so observers do not confuse separately logged frozen auxiliary calls with conversation requests.

On the wire, a loop-built request reads in this order: the `system` slot (the rendered prompt assembly) → `messagePrefix` (the frozen session prefix) → the derived history — the boundary snapshot, whose tail is the newest `user/message` on a turn's first step and the previous step's tool results on later steps. The prefix never enters the derived history; its durable record is the header events, and the dev invariant recomputes exactly this equation against every loop-built request.

FIXME(call-config-shape): revisit which remaining fields are genuinely epoch-level for cache purposes (`model` and the model-owned reasoning effort are explicit; the sampling scalars sit here out of caution).

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * Provider, model, reasoning effort, and sampling scalars of one conversation's
 * requests. Every field maps 1:1 onto the same-named `GenerateOptions` field;
 * the loop builds requests from the logged header rather than accepting these
 * per call.
 */
interface LlmCallConfig {
  provider: string
  model: string
  reasoningEffort?: ReasoningEffortId
  temperature?: number
  maxTokens?: number
  stop?: string[]
}
```

## Sessions

A `Session` is an **append-only log** of typed `SessionEvent`s — the single source of truth. The LLM message history is *derived* from the log (`deriveMessages()`), not stored separately. The event vocabulary derives from `SessionEventMap`:

Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts`](../../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * One immutable entry in the session log.
 *
 * A proper discriminated union over `type` (not independent `type`/`data`
 * unions), so `switch (event.type)` narrows `event.data` without casts.
 *
 * The {@link sourceEventSeqs} and {@link surfaceOp} fields are conditional:
 * they only exist on {@link SurfaceEventType} variants (`user/message`,
 * `assistant/message`, `tool/result`, `steering/message`).
 * Non-surface events (boundary markers, chunks, usage, errors) never carry
 * surface metadata — the compiler enforces this at `Session.append()`
 * call sites.
 */
type SessionEvent<T extends SessionEventType = SessionEventType> = {
  [K in SessionEventType]: {
    type: K
    /** Monotonic sequence number within the session. */
    seq: number
    /** Unix epoch milliseconds. */
    time: number
    data: SessionEventMap[K]
  } & (K extends SurfaceEventType ? {
    /**
     * Seq numbers of events that are provenance sources of this event
     * (e.g. the `assistant/chunk` seqs that built an `assistant/message`,
     * or the surface nodes shadowed by a compaction replace node). An
     * `assistant/message` may carry a present empty array for a known empty
     * provider stream; omission means unrecorded provenance.
     */
    sourceEventSeqs?: number[]
    /** How this event entered the surface; absent for non-surface events. */
    surfaceOp?: SurfaceOp
  } : object)
}[T]
```

The thirteen event variants (`turn/start`, `turn/end`, `step/start`, `step/end`, `user/message`, `prompt/blocked`, `assistant/chunk`, `assistant/message`, `tool/call`, `tool/result`, `steering/message`, `todo/write`, `request/header`), the `deriveMessages()` projection rules, the `TurnTrigger`/`TurnEndReason` reasons, and the turn-enclosure invariant are on **[session.md](session.md)**. How the log is made durable — the `SessionPersistence` seam, JSONL/SQLite backends, the `session/flush` checkpoint, crash recovery, and `SessionHeader` — is on **[persistence.md](persistence.md)**.

## The agent handle

`Agent` is the surface every plugin (UI, hooks, orchestrators) programs against. The concrete implementation is package-internal to dsh-agent-loop; nothing outside the loop depends on it.

Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * Options for {@link Agent.followup}, {@link Agent.queue}, and {@link Agent.steer}.
 * An omitted source attests direct human input as `{ kind: 'user' }` and may
 * authorize policy consumers, so non-human producers must label their content.
 */
interface SendOptions {
  source?: MessageSource
  /**
   * Model-facing contexts captured with this inbox item. A queued prompt exposes
   * them through the default `agent/prompt-submit` allow decision, while steering
   * records them directly at its next checkpoint.
   */
  contexts?: HookContext[]
  /** Opaque JSON state retained on the durable message but hidden from the model. */
  meta?: JsonValue
}
```

```ts type-equiv
/** Options specific to durable synthetic context injection. */
interface InjectOptions {
  /** Defaults to `{ kind: 'plugin', plugin: '' }`; non-human producers should identify themselves. */
  source?: MessageSource
  /** Opaque JSON state retained on the durable message but hidden from the model. */
  meta?: JsonValue
}
```

The advanced acceptance form makes every default explicit and rules out attached contexts on injection:

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * Fully specified input for {@link Agent.send}. Unlike the intent-named
 * helpers, this form applies no defaults: callers provide content, source,
 * contexts, metadata (including explicit `undefined`), target, and wakeup.
 * The union excludes attached contexts from non-waking next-step injection.
 */
type ResolvedAgentInput = {
  content: ContentBlock[]
  source: MessageSource
  meta: JsonValue | undefined
} & (
  | { target: 'next-turn'; wakeup: boolean; contexts: HookContext[] }
  | { target: 'next-step'; wakeup: true; contexts: HookContext[] }
  | { target: 'next-step'; wakeup: false; contexts: [] }
)
```

FIFO delivery methods return an opaque `AgentMessageId`, stable across that message's `agent/inbox/*` events. Injection returns an id but bypasses those events:

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * Opaque id assigned to one accepted agent input. FIFO inputs carry the same id
 * on their `agent/inbox/*` events; injection bypasses those events.
 */
type AgentMessageId = Branded<'AgentMessageId'>
```

The `agent/inbox/*` live events carry one accepted message; injection bypasses the FIFOs and never appears on them:

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * One accepted FIFO message, carried by the `agent/inbox/*` live events. `id`
 * is the value returned by the accepting helper or {@link Agent.send},
 * stable across this message's enqueue, dequeue, and discard events. Source
 * defaults, when applicable, are already applied, so these are the exact values
 * the item was accepted with.
 * `steering` is true for an item drained between steps; otherwise it is claimed
 * at a turn boundary. `SendOptions.meta` is intentionally omitted: it is durable
 * model-hidden state that lands on the eventual `user/message`/
 * `steering/message`, not live-event routing data.
 */
interface AgentMessage {
  /** The id returned by the accepting helper or {@link Agent.send}. */
  id: AgentMessageId
  content: ContentBlock[]
  source: MessageSource
  contexts: HookContext[]
  /** Whether the item joined the steering FIFO rather than the queued FIFO. */
  steering: boolean
  /** Whether the item wakes the driver or requests another step. */
  wakeup: boolean
}
```

```ts type-equiv
/** Options for {@link Agent.cancel}. */
interface CancelOptions {
  /**
   * Preserve queued and steering inbox items instead of discarding them. The
   * active turn is still aborted, but un-started and pending work survives for a
   * later turn and no `agent/inbox/discard` fires.
   */
  keepInbox?: boolean
}
```

```ts type-equiv
/** Stable runtime cause accepted by {@link Agent.cancel}. */
type AgentCancelCause =
  | { readonly kind: 'user' }
  | { readonly kind: 'parent' }
```

The structural `Agent` interface exposes four intent helpers plus the fully resolved acceptance method. The concrete driver implements the matrix once, and each helper supplies its fixed routing and defaults.

```ts type-equiv
/** Public agent handle; its concrete implementation is internal to `@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop`. */
interface Agent {
  /** The single identity shared with {@link session}. */
  readonly id: SessionId
  /** The provider route and model this agent's requests use. */
  readonly options: AgentOptions
  /** The live session this agent drives; its log is the durable source of truth. */
  readonly session: Session
  /** The current lifecycle state, mirrored on every `agent/status` transition. */
  readonly status: AgentStatus
  /** Agent-scoped context; its contributions are agent-local, unwind on disposal, and reject registration afterward. */
  readonly ctx: Context

  /**
   * Queue an ordinary message as its own FIFO-ordered turn and wake the driver.
   * Content, resolved source, and attached contexts are detached, validated,
   * and frozen together; invalid input throws synchronously before notification
   * or enqueue.
   * @param content - the prompt content blocks.
   * @param options - source, attached contexts, and durable model-hidden meta.
   * @returns the accepted message's {@link AgentMessageId}, stable across its `agent/inbox/*` events.
   */
  followup(content: ContentBlock[], options?: SendOptions): AgentMessageId

  /**
   * Queue an ordinary message without waking an idle driver. The item retains
   * FIFO order and is claimed only after another input wakes the driver. A lone
   * queued item leaves `whenIdle()` resolved.
   * @param content - the prompt content blocks.
   * @param options - source, attached contexts, and durable model-hidden meta.
   * @returns the accepted message's {@link AgentMessageId}, stable across its `agent/inbox/*` events.
   */
  queue(content: ContentBlock[], options?: SendOptions): AgentMessageId

  /**
   * Submit steering into the running turn and request another step. An open turn
   * records it at the next steering checkpoint before a request or continuation
   * decision; policy may stop before another step. After turn close and its
   * checkpoint, any remainder is queued for a later turn; terminal
   * `agent/turn-stop`, cancellation, or disposal may discard it. Idle steering
   * becomes a waking ordinary turn.
   * @param content - the steering content blocks.
   * @param options - source, attached contexts, and durable model-hidden meta.
   * @returns the accepted message's {@link AgentMessageId}, stable across its `agent/inbox/*` events.
   */
  steer(content: ContentBlock[], options?: SendOptions): AgentMessageId

  /**
   * Append detached model-facing context without running the model. An open-turn
   * injection joins at the current log position unless the current tool batch is
   * executing; then it waits FIFO until that batch settles and drains before
   * turn close even when interrupted. Idle injection uses a one-shot turn and
   * durability checkpoint. Disposal awaits idle checkpoints; flush failures
   * report through `agent/error`. An omitted source defaults to
   * `{ kind: 'plugin', plugin: '' }`.
   * @param content - the injected context content blocks.
   * @param options - source and durable model-hidden meta.
   * @returns the accepted injection's {@link AgentMessageId}; injection emits no `agent/inbox/*` events.
   */
  inject(content: ContentBlock[], options?: InjectOptions): AgentMessageId

  /**
   * Accept one fully specified input through the same snapshot and routing path
   * as the four intent-named helpers. `next-turn` targets the ordinary FIFO;
   * `next-step`/wakeup targets steering (falling back to an ordinary waking turn
   * while idle); and `next-step` without wakeup injects durable context without
   * running the model. Every field is mandatory and no source or routing default
   * is applied. Invalid input throws synchronously before notification, enqueue,
   * or append.
   * @param input - the resolved content, attribution, context, metadata, and routing facts.
   * @returns the accepted input's {@link AgentMessageId}, carried by FIFO lifecycle events when applicable.
   */
  send(input: ResolvedAgentInput): AgentMessageId

  /**
   * Clear queued and steering work — unless `keepInbox` — and abort the active
   * turn. An effective call first emits `agent/cancel-requested` with the
   * resolved typed cause. The first cause wins for the active turn, and
   * `whenIdle()` resolves after cancellation reaches quiescence. Omitted cause
   * means `{ kind: 'user' }`. Idle cancellation is a no-op and does not arm
   * later work. The active turn snapshots and freezes the cause.
   * @param cause - the stable caller intent carried by the current turn signal.
   * @param options - cancellation options; `keepInbox` preserves pending work.
   */
  cancel(cause?: AgentCancelCause, options?: CancelOptions): void

  /** Resolve at idle quiescence; disposal waits for driver exit rather than only the status transition. */
  whenIdle(): Promise<void>
}
```

`AgentStatus` is `'idle' | 'running' | 'disposed'`, and `SessionId` is branded. `running` describes the driver-wide drain interval, which can span turn close, its durability checkpoint, and consecutive queued turns; it does not prove a turn is still open. `AgentOptions` is merge-extensible: core declares `provider?` and `model?` (dispatch requires both after `agent/request`). Persona belongs to `dsh-system-prompt`: an agent-scoped `deployment:persona` may shadow the global default.

The cause is a TypeScript-enforced same-process input. An active `TurnCancellation` holder copies its discriminant into the runtime-only `AbortSignal.reason` and is retired before `turn/end` publication; the frozen `AbortSignal.reason` remains readable after that retirement. `agentInterruptReasonOf(signal)` recognizes `user`, `parent`, and lifecycle-only `disposed` without consulting ambient initiator state. Durable `turn/end` retains the coarse `{ kind: 'aborted' }` outcome; request provenance would require a separate durable event rather than overloading the terminal result.

The [event taxonomy](../architecture.md#event) owns the `agent/*` lifecycle, checkpoint, and waterfall contracts. Turn and step boundaries are durable session events rather than agent emits.

## Initiating Agent

The process-local initiator carried by `ctx.agents` is the exact `Agent` above, not a separate frame or copied identity. Ambient presence is neither liveness proof nor authorization; the [initiator-scope decision](../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-15-agent-initiator-scope.md) owns its lifetime and boundary rules.

## Interception decisions

Each `agent/*` interception waterfall returns a small, seam-specific typed union — the unified Decision idiom (the tool seams' `PreToolDecision`/`PostToolDecision` in [tools.md](tools.md) follow the same shape). A CC/Codex hook bridge maps its `permissionDecision`/`decision`/`continue`/`additionalContext` fields onto these; a native plugin returns them directly. Prompt and post-tool decisions share one model-facing context shape, `HookContext`, which carries a REQUIRED `source` (a missing source would default to `{kind:'user'}` and mislabel plugin context as a user prompt). Its `content` reaches the model verbatim as user-role input, while JSON `meta` persists plugin state without exposing it to the model. Absent or `separate` placement becomes an injected `user/message` (plugin/goal source); `prompt-prefix` placement is available to prompt and steering inbox attachments and bakes the context before the effective request in the same message. Both decisions carry `additionalContexts[]` so every entry preserves its own provenance, metadata, and placement. Continuation reasons are steering messages instead and deliberately use the narrower content/source shape.

Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)

```ts type-equiv
/** Model-facing context injected by a listener or atomically attached to one inbox message. */
interface HookContext {
  content: ContentBlock[]
  source: MessageSource
  /**
   * Model placement. Absent or `separate` records an independent injected
   * `user/message`; `prompt-prefix` prepends this context and a stable
   * request delimiter to the same user-role message as its attached prompt.
   */
  placement?: 'separate' | 'prompt-prefix'
  /** Opaque JSON state retained in the session event but hidden from the model. */
  meta?: JsonValue
}
```

`agent/prompt-submit` returns a `PromptDecision` (allow the turn's claimed queued message — optionally rewriting its `content` or attaching `additionalContexts` — or record `prompt/blocked` and end that zero-step turn as `rejected`):

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * Prompt interception result. `allow.content` replaces the prompt. Each
 * `additionalContexts` entry follows its declared placement: separate context
 * message by default, or a prefix inside the prompt's user-role message.
 * `block` records a durable `prompt/blocked` and ends the claimed prompt's
 * zero-step turn as rejected. An `allow` returned by a listener is
 * authoritative: a listener wrapping `next()` preserves downstream `content`
 * and `additionalContexts` unless it intentionally replaces them.
 */
type PromptDecision =
  | { kind: 'allow'; content?: ContentBlock[]; additionalContexts?: HookContext[] }
  | { kind: 'block'; reason: string }
```

`agent/turn-continuation` returns a `ContinuationDecision` (the loop's default is `continue` when the step had tool calls or steering was injected, else `stop`; a `continue` `reason` is recorded as next-step steering in the same turn and therefore carries no context metadata — the typed `/goal` pattern):

```ts type-equiv
/** Turn continuation override; a continue reason is recorded as next-step steering in the same turn. */
type ContinuationDecision =
  | { action: 'stop' }
  | { action: 'continue'; reason?: { content: ContentBlock[]; source: MessageSource } }
```

`agent/request-error` receives the exact original `RequestError` beside its immutable `LlmFailure`, an immutable list of failures that already authorized another request in the consecutive sequence, the turn signal, and `next()`. Recovery plugins route on `failure.code`, not the live error's message; each policy counts only its own codes, and a successful request clears the history:

```ts type-equiv
/** Model-request failure with an optional machine-routable provider code. */
type RequestError = Error & { code?: string }
```

It returns a `RequestErrorDecision`; `retry` opens a new numbered step after the recovery listener's durable mutation, while `fail` retains the structured failure on `turn/end`:

```ts type-equiv
/** Failed-request recovery decision; `retry` opens another numbered step while listeners delegate by calling `next()`. */
type RequestErrorDecision = { action: 'fail' } | { action: 'retry' }
```

`agent/post-step` is awaited after assistant output, real or synthetic tool results, buffered context, and steering are durable but before `step/end`. A cancelled tool batch reaches it with an aborted signal after draining; its signature is `(agent, turn, step, signal)`, and replayable facts remain in the session log rather than a transient payload.

`agent/turn-stop` returns the stop-only `ContinuationStop` subset or `undefined`. The loop calls this serial checkpoint after folding the ordinary decision, its reason, and pending steering; a stop is terminal and discards pending steering.

```ts type-equiv
/**
 * The terminal subset of {@link ContinuationDecision}. A listener on
 * `agent/turn-stop` returns this to make the already-composed continuation
 * outcome terminal; `undefined` abstains.
 */
type ContinuationStop = Extract<ContinuationDecision, { action: 'stop' }>
```

`agent/session-start` carries a `SessionStartSource` (why the session lifecycle began; a bridge keys its SessionStart matcher on it):

```ts type-equiv
/** Why a session lifecycle began; seeded creates are `startup`, while persisted loads are `resume`. */
type SessionStartSource = 'startup' | 'resume' | 'clear' | 'compact'
```

`agent/session-prefix` composes a `Message[]` once per loop instance. The deep-frozen result is recorded in the request header and prepended to every derived history, making it the home for session-stable openers. A resumed instance recomposes; mid-session changes use append-only context channels. The waterfall returns content directly because it contributes rather than decides.

## `ToolDefinition`

The one pipeline-authoring type that is core: what every registered tool *is* — a model-facing `ToolSchema` plus an `execute` function and optional final-content and UI callbacks. A tool author rarely constructs it by hand (the `defineTool` DSL builds it with typed args), but it is the contract the registry holds and the loop dispatches through.

Its full fields, the `defineTool`/`ValueSchemaSpec`/`ParameterSchemaSpec` typed schema DSL, the `ToolExecution`/`ToolExecutionResult` waterfall shapes, and the tool-presentation UI vocabulary are on **[tools.md](tools.md)**.