diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.i18n.yaml b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.i18n.yaml
index bd5964f1a4..ec9558da89 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.i18n.yaml
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.i18n.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Bilingual-pair consistency record (docs/i18n/README.md): the git blob hash of each
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
-#   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write
-2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.md: 97b551ff509e3b424f6bf5725939cf54acc961a7
-2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.zh.md: b6849ad393737f2fef06e2007991583b12a04d7a
+#   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write .agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.md
+2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.md: e9af88e8e7ef962213a74e96a249241cbe8d5994
+2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.zh.md: ed242c4f9fd3b44311e6aae25c176617cdf9e897
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.md
index 97b551ff50..e9af88e8e7 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ English | [中文](2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.zh.md)
 
 ## Decision
 
-The ladder moves to its one consumer. `dsh-subagent-acp` owns `disposeAcpChild(child, eofGraceMs, graceMs)`, built entirely on the seam's public verbs: close `stdin`, bound a `waitForExit` on `eofGraceMs`, then `terminate()` (whose SIGTERM→spec-grace→SIGKILL escalation already encodes the signal tiers), then a final bounded whole-tree wait that throws if survivors remain. The seam keeps `kill`/`terminate`/`waitForExit` — mechanisms, not policy — and `waitForExit(signal?)` is exactly the quiescence probe a consumer ladder needs to hold each tier on real tree exit. `dsh-subprocess-local` drops its `dsh-timeout` dependency; the seam's handle loses one method and one exported interface.
+The ladder moves to its one consumer. `dsh-subagent-acp` owns `disposeAcpChild(child, eofGraceMs)`, built entirely on the seam's public verbs: close `stdin`, bound a `waitForExit` on `eofGraceMs`, then call `terminate()`, whose SIGTERM→spec-grace→SIGKILL escalation already owns the signal timer, and await an unbounded `waitForExit()` for the subprocess owner's whole-tree exit proof. The seam keeps `kill`/`terminate`/`waitForExit` — mechanisms, not policy — and `waitForExit(signal?)` is exactly the quiescence probe a consumer ladder needs to hold the cooperative tier on real tree exit without deriving another timer from the termination grace. The seam's handle loses one method and one exported interface.
 
 ## Alternatives considered
 
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ The ladder moves to its one consumer. `dsh-subagent-acp` owns `disposeAcpChild(c
 
 ## Consequences
 
-Bought: the seam is one method and one type smaller; implementations owe four verbs and no teardown policy; `dsh-subprocess-local` loses a dependency; the ladder's tier windows live beside the config fields that tune them. Cost: a future backend wanting EOF-first teardown writes ~20 lines against the verbs (or lifts the ACP helper); the ladder's tier-tier tests moved from the seam suite to the ACP suite, and the seam suite pins the verbs the ladder composes (bounded `waitForExit` false-then-true across an escalation) instead of the composed policy.
+Bought: the seam is one method and one type smaller; implementations owe four verbs and no teardown policy; the cooperative EOF window lives beside the ACP config field that tunes it, while the subprocess owner alone owns the termination window and final join. Cost: a future backend wanting EOF-first teardown writes ~20 lines against the verbs (or lifts the ACP helper); the ladder's tier tests live in the ACP suite, and the seam suite pins the verbs the ladder composes (bounded `waitForExit` false before escalation and an unbounded whole-tree join after it) instead of the composed policy.
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.zh.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.zh.md
index b6849ad393..ed242c4f9f 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.zh.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-27-dispose-ladder-to-consumer.zh.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Status: implemented
 
 ## 决策
 
-阶梯移入其唯一消费方。`dsh-subagent-acp` 拥有 `disposeAcpChild(child, eofGraceMs, graceMs)`，完全构建在 seam 的公开动词之上：关闭 `stdin`，以 `eofGraceMs` 约束一次 `waitForExit`，随后 `terminate()`（其 SIGTERM→spec 宽限期→SIGKILL 升级已编码了信号层级），最后进行有界的整树等待，若仍有存活进程则抛出。seam 保留 `kill`／`terminate`／`waitForExit`——机制而非策略——而 `waitForExit(signal?)` 恰是消费方阶梯在每一层确认进程树真正退出所需的停稳探针。`dsh-subprocess-local` 卸下 `dsh-timeout` 依赖；seam 的句柄少了一个方法和一个导出接口。
+阶梯移入其唯一消费方。`dsh-subagent-acp` 拥有 `disposeAcpChild(child, eofGraceMs)`，完全构建在 seam 的公开动词之上：关闭 `stdin`，以 `eofGraceMs` 约束一次 `waitForExit`，随后调用 `terminate()`（其 SIGTERM→spec 宽限期→SIGKILL 升级已拥有信号定时器），再无界等待 `waitForExit()`，由子进程责任方证明整棵进程树已经退出。seam 保留 `kill`／`terminate`／`waitForExit`——机制而非策略——而 `waitForExit(signal?)` 恰是消费方阶梯在协作层确认进程树真正退出所需的停稳探针，无需从终止宽限期再派生一个定时器。seam 的句柄少了一个方法和一个导出接口。
 
 ## 曾考虑的替代方案
 
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ Status: implemented
 
 ## 后果
 
-买到的：seam 少了一个方法和一个类型；实现只欠四个动词，不欠拆卸策略；`dsh-subprocess-local` 少了一个依赖；阶梯的层级时间窗与调节它们的配置字段住在一起。代价：未来想要 EOF 打头拆卸的后端需针对这些动词写约 20 行（或直接搬 ACP 的辅助函数）；阶梯的层级测试从 seam 套件移入 ACP 套件，seam 套件转而钉住阶梯所组合的动词（升级前后有界 `waitForExit` 先假后真），而非组合后的策略。
+买到的：seam 少了一个方法和一个类型；实现只欠四个动词，不欠拆卸策略；协作式 EOF 时间窗与调节它的 ACP 配置字段住在一起，而终止时间窗与最终的整树退出等待仅由子进程责任方拥有。代价：未来想要 EOF 打头拆卸的后端需针对这些动词写约 20 行（或直接搬 ACP 的辅助函数）；阶梯的层级测试位于 ACP 套件，seam 套件转而钉住阶梯所组合的动词（升级前有界 `waitForExit` 返回假，升级后无界等待整棵进程树退出），而非组合后的策略。
diff --git a/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.i18n.yaml b/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.i18n.yaml
index 0045a33382..d63b100325 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.i18n.yaml
+++ b/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.i18n.yaml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write .agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.md
-2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.md: 0afeae6269fcff588461dd58221c376a257c1f1b
-2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.zh.md: c754f5f436fd76b85bd15e45f9673d8bfe61cce6
+2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.md: fc5e8b6dc5a109fe325530646348ccffaf5458ac
+2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.zh.md: f68c487ee8494908e5e7748b5881a888af688c82
diff --git a/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.md b/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.md
index 0afeae6269..fc5e8b6dc5 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.md
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fixed tool → shared subagent service → product provider → official product
 
 Before publication, the provider validates a non-empty text-only task, starts the managed app-server in the parent workspace, completes `initialize` → `initialized`, and creates an `ephemeral: true` thread. The published run owns exactly one `turn/start`; its thread and turn ids remain private and are never persisted in the parent Session.
 
-`turn/completed` is the authoritative remote terminal fact. The latest nonblank `agentMessage` with `phase: "final_answer"` wins. When the product emits no explicit final phase, the latest message with `phase: null` is the compatibility fallback; commentary never replaces either answer. A failed turn with `error.codexErrorInfo: "contextWindowExceeded"` becomes `max-tokens`. A completed turn without an answer, every other failed or interrupted remote turn, malformed wire data, protocol closure, early process exit, or unknown server request becomes `error`; this version has no native refusal terminal and therefore produces no `refusal`. Local cancellation wins its race and remains `aborted`.
+`turn/completed` is the authoritative remote terminal fact. The latest `agentMessage` with `phase: "final_answer"` wins, and that selected message must contain nonblank text. When the product emits no explicit final phase, the latest message with `phase: null` is the compatibility fallback and must likewise be nonblank; commentary never replaces either answer. A failed turn with `error.codexErrorInfo: "contextWindowExceeded"` becomes `max-tokens`. A completed turn without an answer, every other failed or interrupted remote turn, malformed wire data, protocol closure, early process exit, or unknown server request becomes `error`; this version has no native refusal terminal and therefore produces no `refusal`. Local cancellation wins its race and remains `aborted`.
 
 For command and file approvals, the unattended wire selects a non-approval decision offered by the request, preferring `cancel`; the stable 0.146.0 request shape without an offered-decision list falls back to `decline`. It grants no requested permissions for the turn, answers user-input requests with no answers, and declines MCP elicitation. A request with no legal unattended response, or any unknown server request, fails the run instead of waiting for a user interface the provider does not supply.
 
diff --git a/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.zh.md b/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.zh.md
index c754f5f436..f68c487ee8 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.zh.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/proposed/feature/2026-08-04-claude-code-and-codex-subagent-backends.zh.md
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fixed tool → shared subagent service → product provider → official product
 
 发布前，提供方会验证非空的纯文本任务，在父级工作区中启动受管的 app-server，完成 `initialize` → `initialized` 握手，并创建一个 `ephemeral: true` 线程。已发布的运行只拥有一次 `turn/start`；其线程 ID 与轮次 ID 保持私有，绝不会持久化到父会话。
 
-`turn/completed` 是权威的远端终止事实。以最后一条非空白的 `agentMessage` 为准，但它必须带有 `phase: "final_answer"`。若产品没有发出明确的最终阶段，则以最后一条 `phase: null` 的消息作为兼容性回退；过程说明绝不会取代上述任一答案。带有 `error.codexErrorInfo: "contextWindowExceeded"` 的失败轮次会成为 `max-tokens`。轮次完成却没有答案、其他任何远端失败或中断轮次、协议数据格式错误、协议关闭、进程提前退出或未知的服务器请求，都会产生 `error`；本版本没有原生的拒绝终止状态，因此不会产生 `refusal`。本地取消在竞态中胜出并保持为 `aborted`。
+`turn/completed` 是权威的远端终止事实。以最后一条带有 `phase: "final_answer"` 的 `agentMessage` 为准，且选中的消息必须包含非空白文本。若产品没有发出明确的最终阶段，则以最后一条 `phase: null` 的消息作为兼容性回退，该消息也必须包含非空白文本；过程说明绝不会取代上述任一答案。带有 `error.codexErrorInfo: "contextWindowExceeded"` 的失败轮次会成为 `max-tokens`。轮次完成却没有答案、其他任何远端失败或中断轮次、协议数据格式错误、协议关闭、进程提前退出或未知的服务器请求，都会产生 `error`；本版本没有原生的拒绝终止状态，因此不会产生 `refusal`。本地取消在竞态中胜出并保持为 `aborted`。
 
 对于命令与文件审批，无人值守的协议连接会从请求给出的决策选项中选择一项不予批准的决策，并优先选择 `cancel`；稳定的 0.146.0 请求形态没有决策选项列表，因此回退到 `decline`。它不授予该轮次请求的任何权限，不向用户输入请求提供任何答案，并拒绝 MCP elicitation。若请求在无人值守模式下没有合法响应，或是未知服务器请求，此次运行就会失败，而不会等待本提供方没有提供的用户界面。
 
diff --git a/docs/capability-seams.md b/docs/capability-seams.md
index cc32e9057e..bb19ff7cb8 100644
--- a/docs/capability-seams.md
+++ b/docs/capability-seams.md
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ flowchart LR
   pkg_lsp_local["lsp-local"]
   pkg_subagent_acp["subagent-acp"]
   pkg_subagent_codex["subagent-codex"]
-  pkg_subagent_dsh_sdk["subagent-dsh-sdk"]
   pkg_bash["bash"]
   svc_bash["ctx.bash<br/>Bash executor seam"]
   pkg_pwsh_local["pwsh-local"]
@@ -137,6 +136,7 @@ flowchart LR
   svc_subagents["ctx.subagents<br/>Subagent provider and continuation service"]
   pkg_subagent_spawn["subagent-spawn"]
   pkg_subagent_fork["subagent-fork"]
+  pkg_subagent_dsh_sdk["subagent-dsh-sdk"]
   pkg_tool_subagent_control["tool-subagent-control"]
   pkg_tool_ralph["tool-ralph"]
   pkg_tasks["tasks"]
@@ -323,7 +323,6 @@ flowchart LR
   svc_subprocess --> pkg_lsp_local
   svc_subprocess --> pkg_subagent_acp
   svc_subprocess --> pkg_subagent_codex
-  svc_subprocess --> pkg_subagent_dsh_sdk
   svc_systemPrompt --> pkg_agent_loop
   svc_systemPrompt --> pkg_tool_fs
   svc_systemPrompt --> pkg_tool_pty
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ flowchart LR
 | `ctx.agents` | `core` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent) | - | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`acp`](../packages/acp/acp), [`cli-demo`](../packages/examples/cli-demo), [`subagent-inprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess) | - | Owns live Agent handles, the create/resume factory seam, and process-local initiator propagation. |
 | `ctx.agentLoop` | `bundle` | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) | - | [`agent-spine-demo`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo) | - | The one concrete loop plugin; extension packages depend on dsh-agent events and services, not on this package. |
 | `ctx.goals` | `core` | [`goal`](../packages/goal/goal) | - | - | - | Folds revisioned objective state from the session log and keeps live continuation activation process-local. |
-| `ctx.subprocess` | `seam` | [`subprocess`](../packages/subprocess/subprocess) | [`subprocess-local`](../packages/subprocess/subprocess-local) | [`bash-local`](../packages/bash/bash-local), [`bash-sandbox`](../packages/bash/bash-sandbox), [`lsp-local`](../packages/lsp/lsp-local), [`subagent-acp`](../packages/subagent/subagent-acp), [`subagent-codex`](../packages/subagent/subagent-codex), [`subagent-dsh-sdk`](../packages/subagent/subagent-dsh-sdk) | - | The bash executors, the LSP host, and the out-of-process ACP, Codex, and DSH SDK subagent backends spawn their children through ctx.subprocess; the service owns tree lifetime, stdio dispositions (pipes, inherit, bounded spill-backed collection), and kill escalation. |
+| `ctx.subprocess` | `seam` | [`subprocess`](../packages/subprocess/subprocess) | [`subprocess-local`](../packages/subprocess/subprocess-local) | [`bash-local`](../packages/bash/bash-local), [`bash-sandbox`](../packages/bash/bash-sandbox), [`lsp-local`](../packages/lsp/lsp-local), [`subagent-acp`](../packages/subagent/subagent-acp), [`subagent-codex`](../packages/subagent/subagent-codex) | - | The bash executors, the LSP host, and the out-of-process ACP and Codex subagent backends spawn their children through ctx.subprocess; the service owns tree lifetime, stdio dispositions (pipes, inherit, bounded spill-backed collection), and kill escalation. |
 | `ctx.bash` | `seam` | [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash) | [`bash-local`](../packages/bash/bash-local), [`bash-sandbox`](../packages/bash/bash-sandbox), [`pwsh-local`](../packages/bash/pwsh-local) | [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash), [`tool-pwsh`](../packages/bash/tool-pwsh), [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude), [`hooks-codex`](../packages/hooks/hooks-codex) | - | The model-facing shell tools and hook bridges consume this seam; sandboxed, remote, or PowerShell executors replace bash-local without touching them. |
 | `ctx.bashEnv` | `core` | [`bash-env`](../packages/bash/bash-env) | - | [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash), [`tool-pwsh`](../packages/bash/tool-pwsh) | - | Plugins declare effect-scoped DSH_* facts; each shell tool collects one trusted snapshot per execution and its executor rebuilds the namespace. |
 | `ctx.pty` | `seam` | [`pty`](../packages/pty/pty) | [`pty-local`](../packages/pty/pty-local) | [`tool-pty`](../packages/pty/tool-pty) | - | The registry owns exact-Agent session identity and cleanup; backends own terminal mechanics, while tool-pty exposes the owner-scoped model surface. |
diff --git a/docs/config-catalog.md b/docs/config-catalog.md
index 85114bca5a..ac181d8d78 100644
--- a/docs/config-catalog.md
+++ b/docs/config-catalog.md
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ export interface Config {
   maxOutputBytes?: number
   /** Per-stream spill-file cap; larger streams retain only their in-memory tail. */
   maxSpillBytes?: number
-  /** Grace period for kill escalation and for inherited pipes after shell exit. */
+  /** Grace period for kill escalation and inherited pipes; at most `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`. */
   graceMs?: number
 }
 ```
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ export interface Config {
   maxOutputBytes?: number
   /** Per-stream spill-file cap; larger streams retain only their in-memory tail. */
   maxSpillBytes?: number
-  /** Grace period for kill escalation and for inherited pipes after shell exit. */
+  /** Grace period for kill escalation and inherited pipes; at most `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`. */
   graceMs?: number
   /**
    * Explicit pwsh executable. When omitted, well-known Windows install
@@ -1550,10 +1550,11 @@ export interface Config {
   /**
    * Grace period (ms) for the child's EOF-driven quiesce on dispose — its
    * window to flush persistence and tear down its own nested subprocesses
-   * before the parent escalates to a signal.
+   * before the parent escalates to a signal. Must not exceed
+   * `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`.
    */
   disposeEofGraceMs?: number
-  /** Termination confirmation window (ms), including forced exit on every platform. */
+  /** Termination-escalation grace (ms); must not exceed `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`. */
   disposeGraceMs?: number
 }
 
@@ -1561,7 +1562,7 @@ export interface Config {
 export type PermissionPolicy = 'allow' | 'reject'
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/index.ts:26`](../packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/index.ts:27`](../packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-subagent-codex`
 
@@ -1814,7 +1815,7 @@ export interface Config {
   searchMetaMaxBytes?: number
   /** Max complete raw `rg` stdout bytes a search will parse; larger raw output fails with `SEARCH_RAW_OUTPUT_OVERFLOW`. */
   rawOutputMaxBytes?: number
-  /** Terminate-escalation grace period (ms) for one search process, handed to the subprocess seam. */
+  /** Terminate-escalation grace (ms), handed to the subprocess seam and bounded by `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`. */
   graceMs?: number
   /** Max bytes retained for one search's stderr tail; the excerpt is embedded in `SEARCH_*` error messages, never shown on success. */
   stderrMaxBytes?: number
@@ -1823,7 +1824,7 @@ export interface Config {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/fs/tool-fs-search/src/index.ts:72`](../packages/fs/tool-fs-search/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/fs/tool-fs-search/src/index.ts:73`](../packages/fs/tool-fs-search/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-goal`
 
diff --git a/packages/bash/bash-local/README.i18n.yaml b/packages/bash/bash-local/README.i18n.yaml
index e72432de87..49d3af2a85 100644
--- a/packages/bash/bash-local/README.i18n.yaml
+++ b/packages/bash/bash-local/README.i18n.yaml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write packages/bash/bash-local/README.md
-README.md: 694b7a7686ea6c38da5a354ff6b6e6d2c4520706
-README.zh.md: c56543f26965effebaf020dd8d9d4ba130cd9b17
+README.md: 9b01f1ce9d046062e55037ba13e8f74b95ef1161
+README.zh.md: fde3eb77f72337d54c91c1a40fb87cb3d13652e7
diff --git a/packages/bash/bash-local/README.md b/packages/bash/bash-local/README.md
index 694b7a7686..9b01f1ce9d 100644
--- a/packages/bash/bash-local/README.md
+++ b/packages/bash/bash-local/README.md
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ The package root exports the default and named `LocalBashExecutor` plugin plus i
 Design surveyed against the bash tools of Claude Code, OpenCode, Codex, and pi; the notable choices:
 
 - **Spawn per call, no shell state** — every call is a fresh non-login `bash -c` (deterministic; no rc files). All four surveyed tools spawn per call. `XXX(stateful-shell)` in `src/index.ts` records the two proven stateful designs (Claude Code's cwd-only persistence; Codex's PTY exec sessions) for when real workflows demand them.
-- **Configured budgets over managed groups** — `resolve()` fills `workdir`/`timeoutMs`/`stdoutMaxBytes` from config, and every spawn hands the service explicit byte caps, spill cap, and `graceMs` (default 3s — OpenCode's escalation). Process-group kills, the post-exit pipe-drain grace, tail-keep truncation, and bounded spill files are [`dsh-subprocess-local`](../../subprocess/subprocess-local/README.md) mechanics. A foreground `BashExecRequest.stdoutMaxBytes` can raise stdout's capture budget for one trusted caller; stderr and background runs still use `maxOutputBytes`.
+- **Configured budgets over managed groups** — `resolve()` fills `workdir`/`timeoutMs`/`stdoutMaxBytes` from config, and every spawn hands the service explicit byte caps, spill cap, and `graceMs` (default 3s — OpenCode's escalation). The grace must be positive, finite, and no greater than [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md), so Node can represent it with one timer. Process-group kills, the post-exit pipe-drain grace, tail-keep truncation, and bounded spill files are [`dsh-subprocess-local`](../../subprocess/subprocess-local/README.md) mechanics. A foreground `BashExecRequest.stdoutMaxBytes` can raise stdout's capture budget for one trusted caller; stderr and background runs still use `maxOutputBytes`.
 - **Timeout and cancel classification** — `run()` fuses its config-clamped timeout with the caller's signal through one deadline; only the executor's own timeout reports `timedOut`, an upstream cancel reports `aborted`, and a self-signaled command reports neither ([timeout-library Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md)).
 - **Model-friendly terminal env** — `NO_COLOR=1 TERM=dumb PAGER=cat GIT_PAGER=cat` (Codex's hardcoded set) so pagers and ANSI color don't garble results, merged as ordinary env under the service's credential scrub and `DSH_*` channel rules; an explicit caller entry still wins. See the [stdin/env Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md) and [managed environment Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-10-agent-session-identity-and-log-location.md).
 - **Background processes** — `start()` returns a live `BashProcess` handle immediately, no timeout applies (Claude Code detaches timeouts when backgrounding), and the handle's `readOutput()` merges the service's offset-based stdout/stderr reads into one marked-section delta with a consuming cursor. A still-running process belongs to the subprocess service, so it survives executor reloads and dies (killed and joined) with the service's disposal. Everything task-shaped (ids, ownership, polling, notices) lives in the generic [`ctx.tasks` runtime](../../tasks/tasks/README.md), which the tool layer registers the handle with — this executor never sees a session or a registry.
diff --git a/packages/bash/bash-local/README.zh.md b/packages/bash/bash-local/README.zh.md
index c56543f269..fde3eb77f7 100644
--- a/packages/bash/bash-local/README.zh.md
+++ b/packages/bash/bash-local/README.zh.md
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 设计时调研了 Claude Code、OpenCode、Codex 和 pi 的 bash 工具，主要取舍如下：
 
 - **每次调用都 spawn，不保留 shell 状态**：每次调用都启动新的非登录 `bash -c`（行为确定，不读取 rc 文件）。调研的四种工具均会每次调用单独 spawn。`XXX(stateful-shell)` 位于 `src/index.ts`，记录了两种已验证的有状态设计（Claude Code 仅持久化 cwd；Codex 使用 PTY exec 会话），供真实工作流需要时采用。
-- **在受管进程组之上应用配置预算**：`resolve()` 从配置补全 `workdir`／`timeoutMs`／`stdoutMaxBytes`，每次 spawn 都向服务传入显式的字节上限、spill 上限与 `graceMs`（默认 3 秒，沿用 OpenCode 的升级策略）。进程组终止、退出后的管道排空宽限期、尾部保留截断与有界 spill 文件是 [`dsh-subprocess-local`](../../subprocess/subprocess-local/README.md) 的机制。前台 `BashExecRequest.stdoutMaxBytes` 可为某个受信任调用方提高单次 stdout 捕获预算；stderr 和后台运行仍使用 `maxOutputBytes`。
+- **在受管进程组之上应用配置预算**：`resolve()` 从配置补全 `workdir`／`timeoutMs`／`stdoutMaxBytes`，每次 spawn 都向服务传入显式的字节上限、spill 上限与 `graceMs`（默认 3 秒，沿用 OpenCode 的升级策略）。该宽限期须为正有限值，且不得大于 [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md)，这样 Node 就能用一个定时器表示它。进程组终止、退出后的管道排空宽限期、尾部保留截断与有界 spill 文件是 [`dsh-subprocess-local`](../../subprocess/subprocess-local/README.md) 的机制。前台 `BashExecRequest.stdoutMaxBytes` 可为某个受信任调用方提高单次 stdout 捕获预算；stderr 和后台运行仍使用 `maxOutputBytes`。
 - **超时与取消分类**：`run()` 通过同一个 deadline 把经配置钳位的超时与调用方的信号融合；只有执行器自身的超时报告 `timedOut`，上游取消报告 `aborted`，自身因信号终止的命令两者皆不报告（见[超时库 Agent Note（agent 决策记录）](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md)）。
 - **适合模型的终端环境**：设置 `NO_COLOR=1 TERM=dumb PAGER=cat GIT_PAGER=cat`（Codex 硬编码的集合），防止分页器与 ANSI 颜色破坏结果；这些条目作为普通 env 合并，遵循服务的凭据清除与 `DSH_*` 通道规则；调用方的显式条目依旧优先。详见 [stdin/env Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-30-bash-stdin-env-trusted-plugin-surface.md) 与 [受管环境 Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-10-agent-session-identity-and-log-location.md)。
 - **后台进程**：`start()` 会立即返回活动的 `BashProcess` 句柄，不应用超时（Claude Code 在转为后台时会解除超时）；句柄的 `readOutput()` 把服务基于偏移量的 stdout/stderr 读取合并为一条带分节标记的增量，并以消费游标记录读取进度。仍在运行的进程则由 subprocess 服务负责，因此它能在执行器重载后存活，并随服务的 dispose 被终止且等待退出。所有具有任务形态的事项（id、所有权、轮询、通知）都属于通用 [`ctx.tasks` 运行时](../../tasks/tasks/README.md)，工具层会在其中注册该句柄；本执行器不会接触会话或注册表。
diff --git a/packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts b/packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts
index 0f5a1b4e4d..09d21f11d0 100644
--- a/packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/bash/bash-local/src/index.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import z from 'schemastery'
 import { BashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashProcess, BashProcessRead, BashRunResult, CollectedOutput } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import type { SubprocessCollect, SubprocessHandle, SubprocessOutputReader, SubprocessSpawnSpec } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess'
-import { clampTimeout, deadline, timeoutOf } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+import { clampTimeout, deadline, MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS, timeoutOf } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 
 /**
  * Model-friendly environment overrides: disable colors, pagers, and
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export interface Config {
   maxOutputBytes?: number
   /** Per-stream spill-file cap; larger streams retain only their in-memory tail. */
   maxSpillBytes?: number
-  /** Grace period for kill escalation and for inherited pipes after shell exit. */
+  /** Grace period for kill escalation and inherited pipes; at most `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`. */
   graceMs?: number
 }
 
@@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ export class LocalBashExecutor extends BashExecutor {
     assertPositiveFinite('maxOutputBytes', this.config.maxOutputBytes)
     assertPositiveFinite('maxSpillBytes', this.config.maxSpillBytes)
     assertPositiveFinite('graceMs', this.config.graceMs)
+    if (this.config.graceMs > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+      throw new Error(`bash-local: graceMs must be no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+    }
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/bash/bash-local/tests/executor.spec.ts b/packages/bash/bash-local/tests/executor.spec.ts
index 1395b48958..af5566086f 100644
--- a/packages/bash/bash-local/tests/executor.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/bash/bash-local/tests/executor.spec.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
 import { LocalBashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local'
 import LocalSubprocessService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess-local'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import type { BashProcess } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 
 const spillDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-bash-exec-spec-'))
@@ -70,6 +71,8 @@ describe('LocalBashExecutor.run', () => {
     await expect(setup({ maxOutputBytes: -1 })).rejects.toThrow(/maxOutputBytes/)
     await expect(setup({ maxSpillBytes: 0 })).rejects.toThrow(/maxSpillBytes/)
     await expect(setup({ graceMs: 0 })).rejects.toThrow(/graceMs/)
+    await expect(setup({ graceMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1 }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(`graceMs must be no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
 
     const { bash } = await setup()
     expect(() => bash.resolve({ command: 'true', timeoutMs: Number.NaN })).toThrow(/request\.timeoutMs/)
diff --git a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.i18n.yaml b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.i18n.yaml
index 1b78ca75f9..d4ac605341 100644
--- a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.i18n.yaml
+++ b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.i18n.yaml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.md
-README.md: 9deba9c1b63ccfdb9e1805b9896db33f144839bf
-README.zh.md: e45c820e1d5e31aebd9ed365c6130850f1db2a62
+README.md: 35ff7dba97b8109a99e649051166604fb279c408
+README.zh.md: fdba5baf00b50ce5384d9209c8fa01f42642491d
diff --git a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.md b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.md
index 9deba9c1b6..35ff7dba97 100644
--- a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.md
+++ b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The Windows counterpart of `dsh-bash-local`, deliberately mirroring its semantic
 - **Spawn per call, no shell state** — every call is a fresh non-interactive `pwsh -Command` (deterministic; no profile files). The `-NoLogo -NoProfile -NonInteractive` flags disable startup banners, profile loading, and prompts that would garble tool output.
 - **UTF-8 output pinned** — every command runs with `[Console]::OutputEncoding` and `$OutputEncoding` set to UTF-8 first, so the Windows PowerShell 5.1 fallback (or any host whose console code page is not UTF-8) cannot garble non-ASCII output: the subprocess collector decodes bytes as UTF-8. Input encoding is left at the host default; pwsh 7 defaults to UTF-8 and is unaffected.
 - **Executable resolution** — `resolvePwshPath` prefers an explicit `pwshPath`, then on Windows probes PowerShell 7's install location, every PATH entry (Microsoft Store installs; surrounding quotes stripped), and Windows PowerShell 5.1 as a legacy last resort, checking `existsSync` on each; elsewhere it falls back to a bare `pwsh` resolved through PATH. Resolution is a pure function of `(configured, env, platform)` and happens once at construction.
-- **Configured budgets over managed groups** — `resolve()` fills `workdir`/`timeoutMs`/`stdoutMaxBytes` from config, and every spawn hands the service explicit byte caps, spill cap, and `graceMs`. Tree termination (taskkill on Windows, process-group signals on POSIX), the post-exit pipe-drain grace, tail-keep truncation, and bounded spill files are [`dsh-subprocess-local`](../../subprocess/subprocess-local/README.md) mechanics. A foreground `BashExecRequest.stdoutMaxBytes` can raise stdout's capture budget for one trusted caller; stderr and background runs still use `maxOutputBytes`.
+- **Configured budgets over managed groups** — `resolve()` fills `workdir`/`timeoutMs`/`stdoutMaxBytes` from config, and every spawn hands the service explicit byte caps, spill cap, and `graceMs`. The grace must be positive, finite, and no greater than [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md), so Node can represent it with one timer. Tree termination (taskkill on Windows, process-group signals on POSIX), the post-exit pipe-drain grace, tail-keep truncation, and bounded spill files are [`dsh-subprocess-local`](../../subprocess/subprocess-local/README.md) mechanics. A foreground `BashExecRequest.stdoutMaxBytes` can raise stdout's capture budget for one trusted caller; stderr and background runs still use `maxOutputBytes`.
 - **Timeout and cancel classification** — `run()` fuses its config-clamped timeout with the caller's signal through one deadline; only the executor's own timeout reports `timedOut`, an upstream cancel reports `aborted`, and a self-terminated command reports neither ([timeout-library Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md)). Windows reports forced termination as exit 1 without a signal, so signal-stamped facts (`signal`, `killed` status) are POSIX-only there; the timeout/abort classification is platform-independent.
 - **Model-friendly terminal env** — `NO_COLOR=1 PAGER=cat GIT_PAGER=cat` (no `TERM=dumb`: that is a POSIX concept; `NO_COLOR` is honored by modern PowerShell renderers) merged as ordinary env under the service's credential scrub and `DSH_*` channel rules; an explicit caller entry still wins.
 - **Background processes** — `start()` returns a live `BashProcess` handle immediately, no timeout applies, and the handle's `readOutput()` merges the service's offset-based stdout/stderr reads into one marked-section delta with a consuming cursor. A still-running process belongs to the subprocess service, so it survives executor reloads and dies (killed and joined) with the service's disposal. Everything task-shaped (ids, ownership, polling, notices) lives in the generic [`ctx.tasks` runtime](../../tasks/tasks/README.md), which the tool layer registers the handle with — this executor never sees a session or a registry.
diff --git a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.zh.md b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.zh.md
index e45c820e1d..fdba5baf00 100644
--- a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.zh.md
+++ b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/README.zh.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 - **每次调用新建进程，无 shell 状态**——每次调用都是全新的非交互 `pwsh -Command`（确定性；不加载 profile 文件）。`-NoLogo -NoProfile -NonInteractive` 关闭启动横幅、profile 加载与会干扰工具输出的提示符。
 - **UTF-8 输出固定**——每条命令都先以 UTF-8 设置 `[Console]::OutputEncoding` 与 `$OutputEncoding`，因此 Windows PowerShell 5.1 兜底（或任何控制台代码页非 UTF-8 的主机）不会破坏非 ASCII 输出：subprocess collector 以 UTF-8 解码字节。输入编码保持宿主默认；pwsh 7 默认为 UTF-8，不受影响。
 - **可执行文件解析**——`resolvePwshPath` 优先显式 `pwshPath`，然后在 Windows 上依次探测 PowerShell 7 安装位置、每个 PATH 条目（Microsoft Store 安装；剥离两端引号）以及作为遗留兜底的 Windows PowerShell 5.1，逐一检查 `existsSync`；其他平台回退为通过 PATH 解析的裸 `pwsh`。解析是 `(configured, env, platform)` 的纯函数，在构造时执行一次。
-- **受管进程组之上的配置预算**——`resolve()` 从配置填充 `workdir`/`timeoutMs`/`stdoutMaxBytes`，每次 spawn 都向服务提供显式字节上限、spill 上限与 `graceMs`。进程树终止（Windows 用 taskkill，POSIX 用进程组信号）、退出后管道排空宽限、保尾截断与有界 spill 文件是 [`dsh-subprocess-local`](../../subprocess/subprocess-local/README.md) 的机制。前台 `BashExecRequest.stdoutMaxBytes` 可为单个受信调用方提高 stdout 捕获预算；stderr 与后台运行仍使用 `maxOutputBytes`。
+- **受管进程组之上的配置预算**——`resolve()` 从配置填充 `workdir`/`timeoutMs`/`stdoutMaxBytes`，每次 spawn 都向服务提供显式字节上限、spill 上限与 `graceMs`。该宽限期须为正有限值，且不得大于 [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md)，这样 Node 就能用一个定时器表示它。进程树终止（Windows 用 taskkill，POSIX 用进程组信号）、退出后管道排空宽限、保尾截断与有界 spill 文件是 [`dsh-subprocess-local`](../../subprocess/subprocess-local/README.md) 的机制。前台 `BashExecRequest.stdoutMaxBytes` 可为单个受信调用方提高 stdout 捕获预算；stderr 与后台运行仍使用 `maxOutputBytes`。
 - **超时与取消分类**——`run()` 通过一个 deadline 融合配置夹取的超时与调用方信号；只有执行器自身超时报告 `timedOut`，上游取消报告 `aborted`，自我终止的命令两者都不报告（见 [timeout 库 Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md)）。Windows 将强制终止报告为退出码 1 且无信号，因此基于信号的实情（`signal`、`killed` 状态）在那里仅限 POSIX；超时/取消分类与平台无关。
 - **面向模型的终端环境**——`NO_COLOR=1 PAGER=cat GIT_PAGER=cat`（没有 `TERM=dumb`：那是 POSIX 概念；现代 PowerShell 渲染器遵循 `NO_COLOR`），作为普通 env 在服务的凭据清理与 `DSH_*` 通道规则之下合并；显式调用方条目仍然优先。
 - **后台进程**——`start()` 立即返回存活的 `BashProcess` 句柄，不设超时；句柄的 `readOutput()` 把服务基于偏移的 stdout/stderr 读取合并为带标记分段的增量与消费游标。仍在运行的进程属于 subprocess 服务，因此它跨执行器重载存活，并随服务销毁（被终止并 join）。一切任务形状的职责（id、所有权、轮询、通知）都在通用 [`ctx.tasks` 运行时](../../tasks/tasks/README.md) 中，由工具层把句柄注册进去——本执行器从不接触会话或注册表。
diff --git a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/src/index.ts b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/src/index.ts
index 316d2c8651..20ecffd969 100644
--- a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/src/index.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import z from 'schemastery'
 import { BashExecutor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import type { BashExecRequest, BashExecSpec, BashProcess, BashProcessRead, BashRunResult, CollectedOutput } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 import type { SubprocessCollect, SubprocessHandle, SubprocessOutputReader, SubprocessSpawnSpec } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess'
-import { clampTimeout, deadline, timeoutOf } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+import { clampTimeout, deadline, MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS, timeoutOf } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import { resolvePwshPath } from './resolve.ts'
 
 /* jscpd:ignore-start -- deliberate call-for-call mirror of dsh-bash-local (Agent Note: pwsh-tool-and-executor). */
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export interface Config {
   maxOutputBytes?: number
   /** Per-stream spill-file cap; larger streams retain only their in-memory tail. */
   maxSpillBytes?: number
-  /** Grace period for kill escalation and for inherited pipes after shell exit. */
+  /** Grace period for kill escalation and inherited pipes; at most `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`. */
   graceMs?: number
   /**
    * Explicit pwsh executable. When omitted, well-known Windows install
@@ -129,6 +129,9 @@ export class PwshLocalExecutor extends BashExecutor {
     assertPositiveFinite('maxOutputBytes', this.config.maxOutputBytes)
     assertPositiveFinite('maxSpillBytes', this.config.maxSpillBytes)
     assertPositiveFinite('graceMs', this.config.graceMs)
+    if (this.config.graceMs > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+      throw new Error(`pwsh-local: graceMs must be no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+    }
     this.pwshPath = resolvePwshPath(this.config.pwshPath)
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/tests/executor.spec.ts b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/tests/executor.spec.ts
index 4552f2eeec..c7da16c44c 100644
--- a/packages/bash/pwsh-local/tests/executor.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/bash/pwsh-local/tests/executor.spec.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { PwshLocalExecutor, ENCODING_PREAMBLE, candidatePwshPaths, resolvePwshPa
 import LocalSubprocessService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess-local'
 import SubprocessService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess'
 import type { SubprocessHandle, SubprocessOutputReader, SubprocessSpawnSpec } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import type { BashProcess } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash'
 
 const spillDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-pwsh-exec-spec-'))
@@ -187,6 +188,8 @@ describe.skipIf(!hasPwsh)('PwshLocalExecutor.run', () => {
     await expect(setup({ maxOutputBytes: -1 })).rejects.toThrow(/maxOutputBytes/)
     await expect(setup({ maxSpillBytes: 0 })).rejects.toThrow(/maxSpillBytes/)
     await expect(setup({ graceMs: 0 })).rejects.toThrow(/graceMs/)
+    await expect(setup({ graceMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1 }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(`graceMs must be no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
 
     const { bash } = await setup()
     expect(() => bash.resolve({ command: 'Write-Output ok', timeoutMs: Number.NaN })).toThrow(/request\.timeoutMs/)
diff --git a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.i18n.yaml b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.i18n.yaml
index a8e2222998..374c5e4f05 100644
--- a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.i18n.yaml
+++ b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.i18n.yaml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.md
-README.md: 78ffa069e56da5fc987913acf761eb5c6ae15b1a
-README.zh.md: 42b123d5c47d8f48bc21b6f9bed4905372ca8625
+README.md: 32fa61e3bb09b2166499003953a5631a93baf73b
+README.zh.md: 766ac01dadde34ef1f9ef9b9f6abfb719ba3d0a6
diff --git a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.md b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.md
index 78ffa069e5..32fa61e3bb 100644
--- a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.md
+++ b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The binary ships with the package on every supported platform (macOS/Linux/Windo
 | `grepMaxLineBytes` | `2000` | Byte cap per matched-line preview; the cut preserves UTF-8 boundaries and is marked `(line truncated)`. |
 | `rawOutputMaxBytes` | `20000000` | Max complete raw `rg` stdout a search will parse (matches Claude Code's ripgrep raw buffer); larger raw output fails with `SEARCH_RAW_OUTPUT_OVERFLOW`. |
 | `timeoutMs` | `30000` | Cooperative tool-call budget attached to both tool definitions, enforced by `@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout-policy` through `exec.signal`; the subprocess seam's terminate escalation is the hard kill. |
-| `graceMs` | `3000` | Terminate-escalation grace period the subprocess seam grants past `timeoutMs` before the search fails as `SEARCH_ABORTED`. |
+| `graceMs` | `3000` | Positive terminate-escalation grace the subprocess seam grants past `timeoutMs` before the search fails as `SEARCH_ABORTED`; it cannot exceed [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md). |
 | `stderrMaxBytes` | `65536` | Diagnostic-tail budget for `rg` stderr, captured through the subprocess seam's collect disposition; a lossy read keeps only the tail (marked `[stderr truncated]`). |
 
 ## Tools
diff --git a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.zh.md b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.zh.md
index 42b123d5c4..766ac01dad 100644
--- a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.zh.md
+++ b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/README.zh.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ await ctx.plugin(LocalSpillStore)                           // @deepseek-ai/dsh-
 | `grepMaxLineBytes` | `2000` | 每条匹配行预览的字节上限；截断会保留 UTF-8 边界，并标记为 `(line truncated)`。 |
 | `rawOutputMaxBytes` | `20000000` | 搜索将解析的完整原始 `rg` stdout 上限（与 Claude Code 的 ripgrep 原始 buffer 相同）；更大的原始输出以 `SEARCH_RAW_OUTPUT_OVERFLOW` 失败。 |
 | `timeoutMs` | `30000` | 附加到两个工具定义上的协作式工具调用预算，由 `@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout-policy` 通过 `exec.signal` 强制执行；subprocess seam 的终止升级提供硬终止。 |
-| `graceMs` | `3000` | subprocess seam 在 `timeoutMs` 之外授予的终止升级宽限期；超过后搜索以 `SEARCH_ABORTED` 失败。 |
+| `graceMs` | `3000` | subprocess seam 在 `timeoutMs` 之外授予的终止升级宽限期须为正值；超过后搜索以 `SEARCH_ABORTED` 失败；该宽限期不得大于 [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md)。 |
 | `stderrMaxBytes` | `65536` | `rg` stderr 的诊断尾部预算，经 subprocess seam 的 collect 形态捕获；lossy 读取只保留尾部（标记 `[stderr truncated]`）。 |
 
 ## 工具
diff --git a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/package.json b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/package.json
index 8953aea77a..1884ae913c 100644
--- a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/package.json
+++ b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/package.json
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-spill": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools": "^0.0.1",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.6"
   },
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-spill": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools": "workspace:^",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.6"
   }
diff --git a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/src/index.ts b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/src/index.ts
index 7f8e43cb73..cf0a8db066 100644
--- a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/src/index.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 import type { Context } from 'cordis'
 import z from 'schemastery'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import { GLOB_MAX_RESULTS, applyGlobTool } from './glob.ts'
 import { GREP_MAX_LINE_BYTES, GREP_MAX_MATCHES, applyGrepTool } from './grep.ts'
 import { RAW_OUTPUT_MAX_BYTES, SEARCH_GRACE_MS, SEARCH_META_MAX_BYTES, SEARCH_STDERR_MAX_BYTES, SEARCH_TIMEOUT_MS } from './search-core.ts'
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ export interface Config {
   searchMetaMaxBytes?: number
   /** Max complete raw `rg` stdout bytes a search will parse; larger raw output fails with `SEARCH_RAW_OUTPUT_OVERFLOW`. */
   rawOutputMaxBytes?: number
-  /** Terminate-escalation grace period (ms) for one search process, handed to the subprocess seam. */
+  /** Terminate-escalation grace (ms), handed to the subprocess seam and bounded by `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`. */
   graceMs?: number
   /** Max bytes retained for one search's stderr tail; the excerpt is embedded in `SEARCH_*` error messages, never shown on success. */
   stderrMaxBytes?: number
@@ -130,6 +131,9 @@ export async function apply(ctx: Context, config: Config): Promise<void> {
   assertPositiveInteger('searchMetaMaxBytes', resolved.searchMetaMaxBytes)
   assertPositiveInteger('rawOutputMaxBytes', resolved.rawOutputMaxBytes)
   assertPositiveInteger('graceMs', resolved.graceMs)
+  if (resolved.graceMs > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+    throw new Error(`tool-fs-search: graceMs must be no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+  }
   assertPositiveInteger('stderrMaxBytes', resolved.stderrMaxBytes)
   assertPositiveInteger('timeoutMs', resolved.timeoutMs)
   applyGlobTool(ctx, {
diff --git a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/tests/tools.spec.ts b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/tests/tools.spec.ts
index 9a8fa991ff..e9ae5588ee 100644
--- a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/tests/tools.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/tests/tools.spec.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import SystemPrompt, { renderPrompt } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
 import ToolRegistry, { TOOL_ABORTED_BEFORE_DISPATCH, type ToolExecution, type ToolExecutionToken } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
 import { SubprocessService } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess'
 import type { SubprocessCollectedOutputs, SubprocessHandle, SubprocessOutcome, SubprocessOutputRead, SubprocessOutputReader, SubprocessSpawnSpec } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import { rgPath } from '@vscode/ripgrep'
 import { SpillLocator, SpillStore } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-spill'
 import type { SaveTextSpill, SpillRef } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-spill'
@@ -309,6 +310,17 @@ describe('config validation', () => {
     await ctx.plugin(FakeSubprocess)
     await expect(ctx.plugin(ToolFsSearch, { ...DEFAULT_CONFIG, ...config })).rejects.toThrow(new RegExp(`tool-fs-search: ${name} must be a positive integer`))
   })
+
+  it('rejects a grace beyond the Node timer range at load', async () => {
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(SystemPrompt)
+    await ctx.plugin(ToolRegistry)
+    await ctx.plugin(FakeSubprocess)
+    await expect(ctx.plugin(ToolFsSearch, {
+      ...DEFAULT_CONFIG,
+      graceMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1,
+    })).rejects.toThrow(`tool-fs-search: graceMs must be no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+  })
 })
 
 describe('command construction (plain argv)', () => {
diff --git a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/tsconfig.json b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/tsconfig.json
index ad0c703117..76644e4523 100644
--- a/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/fs/tool-fs-search/tsconfig.json
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@
     {
       "path": "../../spill/spill"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../util/timeout"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../support/invariants"
     }
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.i18n.yaml b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.i18n.yaml
index e24b5f2f07..5721ee2d46 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.i18n.yaml
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.i18n.yaml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.md
-README.md: efcc77c442714a83631d009efb712fa7b8f5dfa0
-README.zh.md: 216d66ed5d259c1bf2ea2383356df97be3e5ced1
+README.md: ead942668f19c44f552d3feb556c39c13b656dea
+README.zh.md: e1204ff62f23c8586852111687574a60b0bb7302
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.md b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.md
index efcc77c442..ead942668f 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.md
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The returned run id is minted in the parent namespace. The child server's sessio
 
 After publication, the provider sends the prompt and collects streamed `agent_message_chunk` text into `SubagentResult.output`. A prompt/transport failure resolves with `stopReason: 'error'`, or `aborted` when the required request signal or disposal requested cancellation.
 
-`dispose()` is idempotent. It removes the signal listener, requests ACP cancellation when possible, then runs this backend's own teardown ladder (`disposeAcpChild`) over the seam's verbs: close stdin and wait `disposeEofGraceMs` for cooperative quiescence, then the handle's `terminate()` escalation (SIGTERM, the spawn grace, SIGKILL — Windows force-terminates directly), then a bounded whole-tree exit wait that rejects if survivors remain. Every run uses a fresh process; process pooling is not implemented.
+`dispose()` is idempotent. It removes the signal listener, requests ACP cancellation when possible, then runs this backend's own teardown ladder (`disposeAcpChild`) over the seam's verbs: close stdin and wait `disposeEofGraceMs` for cooperative quiescence, then invoke the handle's `terminate()` escalation (SIGTERM, the spawn grace, SIGKILL — Windows force-terminates directly) and await the subprocess owner's whole-tree exit proof. Every run uses a fresh process; process pooling is not implemented.
 
 ## Capabilities and context
 
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ ACP advertises no start-time capabilities because this process cannot enforce th
 | `cwd` | parent session cwd | Working-directory override for the child process and its ACP session; must be non-empty, a relative value resolves against the harness launch directory at load, and the result must name a directory the harness can enter. |
 | `permission` | `reject` | Auto-answer permission requests by rejecting or choosing the first allow-shaped option. |
 | `env` | `{}` | Explicit child environment layered over a credential-scrubbed parent environment. |
-| `disposeEofGraceMs` | `6000` | Grace after stdin EOF before platform termination. |
-| `disposeGraceMs` | `3000` | Exit-confirmation grace after termination; POSIX also waits this long after SIGTERM before SIGKILL. |
+| `disposeEofGraceMs` | `6000` | Positive grace after stdin EOF before platform termination; it cannot exceed [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md). |
+| `disposeGraceMs` | `3000` | Positive POSIX grace after SIGTERM before SIGKILL (Windows force-terminates directly); it cannot exceed [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md). |
 
 ```yaml
 - id: subagent-acp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ ACP advertises no start-time capabilities because this process cannot enforce th
 
 ## Process boundary
 
-The child spawns through the [`dsh-subprocess`](../../subprocess/subprocess/README.md) seam: credential-shaped ambient variables and ambient `DSH_*` names are removed by the shared scrub, then explicit `config.env` values merge after it (an intended `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` survives, and a `DSH_*` deployment fact such as `DSH_PERMISSION_MODE` reaches the child the same way — the scrub drops only its stale ambient namesake), stderr is inherited to the parent's own stream, and disposal runs the seam's cooperative stdin-EOF→SIGTERM→SIGKILL ladder with this plugin's configured graces. The ACP wire is the real serialization boundary; same-process subagent values are not defensively cloned.
+The child spawns through the [`dsh-subprocess`](../../subprocess/subprocess/README.md) seam: credential-shaped ambient variables and ambient `DSH_*` names are removed by the shared scrub, then explicit `config.env` values merge after it (an intended `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` survives, and a `DSH_*` deployment fact such as `DSH_PERMISSION_MODE` reaches the child the same way — the scrub drops only its stale ambient namesake), stderr is inherited to the parent's own stream, and disposal applies this plugin's EOF window before the subprocess-owned SIGTERM→SIGKILL escalation and whole-tree join. The ACP wire is the real serialization boundary; same-process subagent values are not defensively cloned.
 
 The package has no default export. Cordis loader unwrapping would otherwise hide the named `inject` metadata; see [postmortem 0001](../../../docs/postmortem/0001-acp-default-export-drops-inject.md).
 
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.zh.md b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.zh.md
index 216d66ed5d..e1204ff62f 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.zh.md
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/README.zh.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ACP（Agent Client Protocol）提供方会在全新的子进程中运行每个 s
 
 发布后，提供方发送提示词，并把流式 `agent_message_chunk` 文本收集到 `SubagentResult.output`。提示词/传输失败会以 `stopReason: 'error'` 兑现；如果必需的请求信号或 dispose（资源释放）请求了取消，则以 `aborted` 兑现。
 
-`dispose()` 是幂等的。它会移除信号监听器，在可行时请求 ACP 取消，然后经由该 seam 的动词运行本后端自有的拆卸阶梯（`disposeAcpChild`）：先关闭 stdin 并等待 `disposeEofGraceMs` 让子进程协作式完全停稳，再触发句柄的 `terminate()` 升级（SIGTERM、spawn 宽限期、SIGKILL——Windows 直接强制终止），最后进行有界的整树退出等待；若仍有存活进程，则拒绝。每次运行都使用全新进程；尚未实现进程池。
+`dispose()` 是幂等的。它会移除信号监听器，在可行时请求 ACP 取消，然后经由该 seam 的动词运行本后端自有的拆卸阶梯（`disposeAcpChild`）：先关闭 stdin 并等待 `disposeEofGraceMs` 让子进程协作式完全停稳，再触发句柄的 `terminate()` 升级（SIGTERM、spawn 宽限期、SIGKILL——Windows 直接强制终止），并等待子进程责任方给出整棵进程树的退出证明。每次运行都使用全新进程；尚未实现进程池。
 
 ## 能力与上下文
 
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ ACP 不声明任何启动时能力，因为当前进程无法强制执行远程
 | `cwd` | 父会话 cwd | 子进程及其 ACP 会话的工作目录覆盖值；不得为空。相对值会在加载时以 harness 启动目录为基准解析，结果必须指向 harness 可以进入的目录。 |
 | `permission` | `reject` | 自动回答权限请求：拒绝，或选择第一个允许形态的选项。 |
 | `env` | `{}` | 显式子进程环境，叠加到已清理凭据的父进程环境之上。 |
-| `disposeEofGraceMs` | `6000` | stdin EOF 之后、平台终止之前的宽限时间。 |
-| `disposeGraceMs` | `3000` | 终止后的退出确认宽限时间；POSIX 在 SIGTERM 后、SIGKILL 前也会等待同样时长。 |
+| `disposeEofGraceMs` | `6000` | stdin EOF 之后、平台终止之前的宽限时间须为正值，且不得大于 [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md)。 |
+| `disposeGraceMs` | `3000` | POSIX 在 SIGTERM 后、SIGKILL 前的宽限时间（Windows 直接强制终止），须为正值且不得大于 [`MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`](../../util/timeout/README.md)。 |
 
 ```yaml
 - id: subagent-acp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ ACP 不声明任何启动时能力，因为当前进程无法强制执行远程
 
 ## 进程边界
 
-子进程经由 [`dsh-subprocess`](../../subprocess/subprocess/README.md) seam spawn：共享的凭据清除先移除疑似凭据的环境变量和环境中已有的 `DSH_*` 名称，显式 `config.env` 值在清除之后合并（有意转发的 `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` 会保留下来，`DSH_PERMISSION_MODE` 这类 `DSH_*` 部署事实也以同样的方式到达子进程——清除只丢弃其陈旧的同名环境值），stderr 会继承到父进程自身的流，dispose 则以本插件配置的宽限期运行该 seam 的协作式 stdin EOF→SIGTERM→SIGKILL 阶梯。ACP 协议格式（wire format）是真正的序列化边界；同进程 subagent 值不会为防御目的而克隆。
+子进程经由 [`dsh-subprocess`](../../subprocess/subprocess/README.md) seam spawn：共享的凭据清除先移除疑似凭据的环境变量和环境中已有的 `DSH_*` 名称，显式 `config.env` 值在清除之后合并（有意转发的 `DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` 会保留下来，`DSH_PERMISSION_MODE` 这类 `DSH_*` 部署事实也以同样的方式到达子进程——清除只丢弃其陈旧的同名环境值），stderr 会继承到父进程自身的流，dispose 则先应用本插件的 EOF 时间窗，再由子进程责任方执行 SIGTERM→SIGKILL 升级并等待整棵进程树退出。ACP 协议格式（wire format）是真正的序列化边界；同进程 subagent 值不会为防御目的而克隆。
 
 本包（package）没有默认导出。否则 Cordis loader 的解包会隐藏具名 `inject` 元数据；见[事故复盘（postmortem）0001](../../../docs/postmortem/0001-acp-default-export-drops-inject.md)。
 
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/package.json b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/package.json
index b06a5e50ea..a8509abfac 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/package.json
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/package.json
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-subagent": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "^0.0.1",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   },
   "dependencies": {
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-subagent": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess-local": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "workspace:^",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/index.ts b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/index.ts
index 8616f7ae94..fa7c031760 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/index.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import type {
   SubagentProvider,
   SubagentStartRequest,
 } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subagent'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import { type AcpRunSpec, DEFAULT_DISPOSE_EOF_GRACE_MS, DEFAULT_DISPOSE_GRACE_MS, type PermissionPolicy, startAcpRun } from './run.ts'
 
 export const name = 'subagent-acp'
@@ -54,10 +55,11 @@ export interface Config {
   /**
    * Grace period (ms) for the child's EOF-driven quiesce on dispose — its
    * window to flush persistence and tear down its own nested subprocesses
-   * before the parent escalates to a signal.
+   * before the parent escalates to a signal. Must not exceed
+   * `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`.
    */
   disposeEofGraceMs?: number
-  /** Termination confirmation window (ms), including forced exit on every platform. */
+  /** Termination-escalation grace (ms); must not exceed `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`. */
   disposeGraceMs?: number
 }
 
@@ -72,10 +74,10 @@ export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
   disposeGraceMs: z.number().default(DEFAULT_DISPOSE_GRACE_MS),
 })
 
-/** A dispose grace must be a positive finite number (it bounds the teardown wait). */
+/** A dispose grace must fit the single Node timer that owns its teardown tier. */
 function assertPositiveFinite(name: string, value: number): void {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0) {
-    throw new Error(`subagent-acp: ${name} must be a positive finite number`)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0 || value > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+    throw new Error(`subagent-acp: ${name} must be a positive finite number no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/run.ts b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/run.ts
index fba0403739..f3e155e649 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/run.ts
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/src/run.ts
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ export interface AcpRunSpec {
    */
   disposeEofGraceMs: number
   /**
-   * Termination confirmation window (ms) in {@link SubagentRun.dispose}; POSIX applies it after
-   * `SIGTERM` and `SIGKILL`, while Windows applies it after direct forced termination. The plugin
-   * fills this from its `disposeGraceMs` config.
+   * Termination-escalation grace (ms) in {@link SubagentRun.dispose}; POSIX
+   * waits this long after `SIGTERM` before `SIGKILL`, while Windows
+   * force-terminates directly. The plugin fills it from `disposeGraceMs`.
    */
   disposeGraceMs: number
   /**
@@ -105,14 +105,12 @@ async function treeExitsWithin(child: SubprocessHandle, ms: number): Promise<boo
  * Cooperative teardown ladder for an out-of-process agent, over the seam's
  * public verbs; resolves only at whole-tree quiescence: stdin EOF (the child's
  * window to flush persistence and reap its own descendants), then the
- * terminate() escalation (SIGTERM → spec grace → SIGKILL), then a bounded
- * confirmation wait.
+ * terminate() escalation (SIGTERM → spec grace → SIGKILL) and its
+ * whole-tree exit proof.
  * @param child - the spawned ACP child's handle.
  * @param eofGraceMs - tier-1 window after stdin EOF.
- * @param graceMs - confirmation window after the escalation's SIGKILL.
- * @throws when the tree still has not exited `graceMs` after forced termination.
  */
-export async function disposeAcpChild(child: SubprocessHandle, eofGraceMs: number, graceMs: number): Promise<void> {
+export async function disposeAcpChild(child: SubprocessHandle, eofGraceMs: number): Promise<void> {
   // A spawn failure has no process to tear down; observe the rejection so
   // disposal in a finally block cannot surface it as unhandled.
   if (child.pid <= 0) {
@@ -121,13 +119,10 @@ export async function disposeAcpChild(child: SubprocessHandle, eofGraceMs: numbe
   }
   child.stdin?.end()
   if (await treeExitsWithin(child, eofGraceMs)) return
-  // terminate() sends SIGTERM now and SIGKILL after the spawn spec's grace
-  // (this plugin passes disposeGraceMs there), so the bound covers both the
-  // escalation window and an equal confirmation window after the SIGKILL.
+  // terminate() owns the bounded SIGTERM→SIGKILL timer. Its unbounded wait is
+  // the process owner's exit proof, not a second derived grace that can overflow.
   child.terminate()
-  if (!(await treeExitsWithin(child, graceMs * 2))) {
-    throw new Error('ACP child process tree did not exit within its dispose windows')
-  }
+  await child.waitForExit()
 }
 
 /**
@@ -235,7 +230,7 @@ export async function startAcpRun(request: SubagentStartRequest, spec: AcpRunSpe
 
   // Startup rollback and the published handle share one process teardown.
   let processDisposal: Promise<void> | undefined
-  const disposeProcess = (): Promise<void> => (processDisposal ??= disposeAcpChild(child, spec.disposeEofGraceMs, spec.disposeGraceMs))
+  const disposeProcess = (): Promise<void> => (processDisposal ??= disposeAcpChild(child, spec.disposeEofGraceMs))
 
   // Accumulate the child's streamed assistant text — the SubagentResult output.
   const output: string[] = []
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/tests/subagent-acp.spec.ts b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/tests/subagent-acp.spec.ts
index f2cbeda27b..6c6c238e74 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/tests/subagent-acp.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/tests/subagent-acp.spec.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { join, resolve } from 'node:path'
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
 import SubagentService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subagent'
 import type { Agent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import * as acp from '../src/index.ts'
 import { acpStopReason, acpContentText, DEFAULT_DISPOSE_EOF_GRACE_MS, DEFAULT_DISPOSE_GRACE_MS, disposeAcpChild, startAcpRun, toAcpPrompt, type AcpRunSpec } from '../src/run.ts'
 import LocalSubprocessService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess-local'
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ describe('disposeAcpChild (the backend-owned teardown ladder over seam verbs)',
 
   it('tier 1: a cooperative child exits on stdin EOF without any signal', async () => {
     const child = bash('read -r line; exit 0')
-    await disposeAcpChild(child, 5_000, 200)
+    await disposeAcpChild(child, 5_000)
     const outcome = await child.done
     expect(outcome.exitCode).toBe(0)
     expect(outcome.signal).toBeNull()
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ describe('disposeAcpChild (the backend-owned teardown ladder over seam verbs)',
 
   it('tier 2: an EOF-deaf child dies by the terminate escalation (SIGTERM)', async () => {
     const child = bash('sleep 60')
-    await disposeAcpChild(child, 100, 5_000)
+    await disposeAcpChild(child, 100)
     const outcome = await child.done
     expect(outcome.signal).toBe('SIGTERM')
   })
@@ -166,30 +167,11 @@ describe('disposeAcpChild (the backend-owned teardown ladder over seam verbs)',
     while (!child.collected.stdout!.readFrom(0).text.includes('armed')) {
       await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 10))
     }
-    await disposeAcpChild(child, 50, 2_000)
+    await disposeAcpChild(child, 50)
     const outcome = await child.done
     expect(outcome.signal).toBe('SIGKILL')
   })
 
-  it('throws when the tree survives even the escalation window', async () => {
-    // A handle whose tree never exits (waitForExit only ever aborts): the
-    // ladder must fail loud instead of resolving over survivors. Built as a
-    // stub because the ladder composes only public verbs.
-    const never: Parameters<typeof disposeAcpChild>[0] = {
-      pid: 1,
-      stdin: undefined,
-      stdout: undefined,
-      stderr: undefined,
-      collected: {},
-      done: new Promise(() => {}),
-      terminate: () => {},
-      waitForExit: (signal?: AbortSignal) => new Promise((resolve) => {
-        signal?.addEventListener('abort', () => { resolve(false) }, { once: true })
-      }),
-    }
-    await expect(disposeAcpChild(never, 20, 20)).rejects.toThrow(/did not exit within its dispose windows/)
-  })
-
   it('observes a spawn-level rejection and returns without a process to reap', async () => {
     const child = spawnSubprocess({
       argv: ['bash', '-c', 'true'],
@@ -197,7 +179,7 @@ describe('disposeAcpChild (the backend-owned teardown ladder over seam verbs)',
       stdio: { stdin: 'ignore', stdout: { maxBytes: 1000 }, stderr: { maxBytes: 1000 } },
       graceMs: 200,
     })
-    await expect(disposeAcpChild(child, 1_000, 1_000)).resolves.toBeUndefined()
+    await expect(disposeAcpChild(child, 1_000)).resolves.toBeUndefined()
     await expect(child.done).rejects.toThrow()
   })
 })
@@ -721,13 +703,20 @@ describe('dsh-subagent-acp', () => {
     }
   })
 
-  it('rejects a non-positive dispose grace at load', async () => {
-    for (const bad of [{ disposeEofGraceMs: 0 }, { disposeGraceMs: -1 }, { disposeEofGraceMs: Number.NaN }]) {
+  it('rejects a dispose grace outside the Node timer range at load', async () => {
+    for (const bad of [
+      { disposeEofGraceMs: 0 },
+      { disposeGraceMs: -1 },
+      { disposeEofGraceMs: Number.NaN },
+      { disposeGraceMs: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY },
+      { disposeEofGraceMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1 },
+      { disposeGraceMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1 },
+    ]) {
       const ctx = new Context()
       await ctx.plugin(SubagentService)
       await ctx.plugin(LocalSubprocessService)
       await expect(ctx.plugin(acp, { providerName: 'acp', command: 'true', args: [], permission: 'reject', env: {}, ...bad }))
-        .rejects.toThrow(/subagent-acp: dispose(?:Eof)?GraceMs must be a positive finite number/)
+        .rejects.toThrow(new RegExp(`subagent-acp: dispose(?:Eof)?GraceMs must be a positive finite number no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`))
       await ctx.fiber.dispose()
     }
   })
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/tsconfig.json b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/tsconfig.json
index 2d60858d4a..c7966ddc6f 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-acp/tsconfig.json
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@
     {
       "path": "../../subprocess/subprocess"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../util/timeout"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../support/loader-smoke"
     },
diff --git a/packages/subagent/subagent-codex/package.json b/packages/subagent/subagent-codex/package.json
index cc1d016225..b6c9853227 100644
--- a/packages/subagent/subagent-codex/package.json
+++ b/packages/subagent/subagent-codex/package.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
     "schemastery": "^3.18.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@cordisjs/plugin-loader": "^1.0.0-rc.5",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index a817239885..ee37a62d76 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -3143,6 +3143,9 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../core/system-prompt
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../util/timeout
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../core/tools
@@ -5082,6 +5085,9 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-subprocess-local':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../subprocess/subprocess-local
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../util/timeout
       cordis:
         specifier: ^4.0.0-rc.7
         version: link:../../../vendor/cordis
@@ -5092,6 +5098,9 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^3.18.0
         version: link:../../../vendor/schemastery
     devDependencies:
+      '@cordisjs/plugin-loader':
+        specifier: ^1.0.0-rc.5
+        version: link:../../../vendor/loader
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../core/agent
diff --git a/scripts/gen-doc-graphs.ts b/scripts/gen-doc-graphs.ts
index 8e2562d8b9..5f68d91a8c 100644
--- a/scripts/gen-doc-graphs.ts
+++ b/scripts/gen-doc-graphs.ts
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ const SERVICE_ROLES: ServiceRole[] = [
     title: 'Subprocess seam',
     mode: 'seam',
     implementations: ['subprocess-local'],
-    consumers: ['bash-local', 'bash-sandbox', 'lsp-local', 'subagent-acp', 'subagent-codex', 'subagent-dsh-sdk'],
-    note: 'The bash executors, the LSP host, and the out-of-process ACP, Codex, and DSH SDK subagent backends spawn their children through ctx.subprocess; the service owns tree lifetime, stdio dispositions (pipes, inherit, bounded spill-backed collection), and kill escalation.',
+    consumers: ['bash-local', 'bash-sandbox', 'lsp-local', 'subagent-acp', 'subagent-codex'],
+    note: 'The bash executors, the LSP host, and the out-of-process ACP and Codex subagent backends spawn their children through ctx.subprocess; the service owns tree lifetime, stdio dispositions (pipes, inherit, bounded spill-backed collection), and kill escalation.',
   },
   {
     key: 'bash',