<p align="center">
<img width="1000px" alt="DeepSeek Coder" src="pictures/logo.png">
</p>
<p align="center"><a href="https://www.deepseek.com/">[<img src="pictures/home.png" width="20px"> Homepage]</a> | <a href="https://coder.deepseek.com/">[🤖 Chat with DeepSeek Coder] | <a href="https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai">[🤗 Models Download]</a> </p>
<hr>


### 1. Introduction of Deepseek Coder

Deepseek Coder comprises a series of code language models trained on both 87% code and 13% natural language in English and Chinese, with each model pre-trained on 2T tokens. We provide various sizes of the code model, ranging from 1B to 33B versions. Each model is pre-trained on project-level code corpus by employing a window size of 16K and a extra fill-in-the-blank task, to support  project-level code completion and infilling. For coding capabilities, Deepseek Coder achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source code models on multiple programming languages and various benchmarks. 

<p align="center">
<img src="pictures/result.png" alt="result" width="70%">
</p>

- **Massive Training Data**: Trained on 2T tokens, including 87% code and 13% linguistic data in both English and Chinese languages.
  
- **Highly Flexible & Scalable**: Offered in model sizes of 1B, 5.7B, 6.7B and 33B, enabling users to choose the setup most suitable for their requirements.
  
- **Superior Model Performance**: State-of-the-art performance among publicly available code models on HumanEval, MultiPL-E, MBPP, DS-1000, and APPS benchmarks.
  
- **Advanced Code Completion Capabilities**: A window size of 16K and a fill-in-the-blank task, supporting project-level code completion and infilling tasks.


### 2. Evaluation Results
We evaluate DeepSeek Coder on various coding-related benchmarks.
Only `pass@1` results on HumanEval (Python and Multilingual), MBPP, DS-1000 are reported here:

<p align="center">
<img src="pictures/table.png" alt="table" width="70%">
</p>


The result shows that DeepSeek-Coder-Base-33B significantly outperforms existing open-source code LLMs. Compared with CodeLlama-34B, it leads by 7.9%, 9.3%, 10.8% and 5.9% respectively on HumanEval Python, HumanEval Multilingual, MBPP and DS-1000.
Surprisingly, our DeepSeek-Coder-Base-7B reaches the performance of CodeLlama-34B.
And the DeepSeek-Coder-Instruct-33B model after instruction tuning outperforms GPT35-turbo on HumanEval and achieves comparable result with GPT35-turbo on MBPP.

More evaluation details can be found in the [Detailed Evaluation](#5-detailed-evaluation-results).



### 3. Procedure of Data Creation and Model Training

#### Data Creation

- Step 1: Collecting code data from GitHub and apply the same filtering rules as [StarcoderData](https://github.com/bigcode-project/bigcode-dataset) to filter data.
- Step 2: Parsing the dependencies of files within the same repository to rearrange the file positions based on their dependencies.
- Step 3: Concatenating dependent files to form a single example and employ repo-level minhash for deduplication.
- Step 4: Further filtering out low-quality code, such as codes with syntax errors or poor readability.

<img src="pictures/data_clean.png" alt="data_creation" width="100%">

#### Model Training

- Step 1: Initially pre-trained with a dataset consisting of 87% code, 10% code-related language (Github Markdown and StackExchange), and 3% non-code related Chinese language. Models are pre-trained using 1.8T tokens and a 4K window size in this step.
- Step 2: Further Pre-training using an extended 16K window size on an additional 200B tokens, resulting in foundational models (**DeepSeek-Coder-Base**).
- Step 3: Instruction Fine-tuning on 2B tokens of instruction data, resulting in instruction-tuned models (**DeepSeek-Coder-Instruct**).

<img src="pictures/model_pretraining.png" alt="model_pretraining" width="100%">




### 4. How to Use
Here give some examples of how to use our model.
#### 1）Code Completion
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base", trust_remote_code=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base", trust_remote_code=True).cuda()
input_text = "#write a quick sort algorithm"
inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_length=128)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
```
This code will output the following result:
```
def quick_sort(arr):
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    pivot = arr[0]
    left = []
    right = []
    for i in range(1, len(arr)):
        if arr[i] < pivot:
            left.append(arr[i])
        else:
            right.append(arr[i])
    return quick_sort(left) + [pivot] + quick_sort(right)
```

#### 2）Code Insertion
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base", trust_remote_code=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base", trust_remote_code=True).cuda()
input_text = """<｜fim▁begin｜>def quick_sort(arr):
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    pivot = arr[0]
    left = []
    right = []
<｜fim▁hole｜>
        if arr[i] < pivot:
            left.append(arr[i])
        else:
            right.append(arr[i])
    return quick_sort(left) + [pivot] + quick_sort(right)<｜fim▁end｜>"""
inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_length=128)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)[len(input_text):])
```
This code will output the following result:
```
   for i in range(1, len(arr)):
```

#### 3）Chat Model Inference
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-instruct", trust_remote_code=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-instruct", trust_remote_code=True).cuda()
messages=[
    { 'role': 'user', 'content': "write a quick sort algorithm in python."}
]
inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
# 32021 is the id of <|EOT|> token
outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_new_tokens=512, do_sample=False, top_k=50, top_p=0.95, num_return_sequences=1, eos_token_id=32021)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][len(inputs[0]):], skip_special_tokens=True))
```
This code will output the following result:
```
Sure, here is a simple implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm in Python:

def quick_sort(arr):
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    else:
        pivot = arr[0]
        less_than_pivot = [x for x in arr[1:] if x <= pivot]
        greater_than_pivot = [x for x in arr[1:] if x > pivot]
        return quick_sort(less_than_pivot) + [pivot] + quick_sort(greater_than_pivot)

# Test the function
arr = [10, 7, 8, 9, 1, 5]
print("Original array:", arr)
print("Sorted array:", quick_sort(arr))

This code works by selecting a 'pivot' element from the array and partitioning the other elements into two sub-arrays, according to whether they are less than or greater than the pivot. The pivot element is then in its final position. The process is then repeated for the sub-arrays.
```

#### 4）Repository Level Code Completion
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base", trust_remote_code=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base", trust_remote_code=True).cuda()

input_text = """#utils.py
import torch
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

def load_data():
    iris = datasets.load_iris()
    X = iris.data
    y = iris.target

    # Standardize the data
    scaler = StandardScaler()
    X = scaler.fit_transform(X)

    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=42)

    # Convert numpy data to PyTorch tensors
    X_train = torch.tensor(X_train, dtype=torch.float32)
    X_test = torch.tensor(X_test, dtype=torch.float32)
    y_train = torch.tensor(y_train, dtype=torch.int64)
    y_test = torch.tensor(y_test, dtype=torch.int64)
    
    return X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test

def evaluate_predictions(y_test, y_pred):
    return accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
#model.py
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, TensorDataset

class IrisClassifier(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(IrisClassifier, self).__init__()
        self.fc = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(4, 16),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(16, 3)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.fc(x)

    def train_model(self, X_train, y_train, epochs, lr, batch_size):
        criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
        optimizer = optim.Adam(self.parameters(), lr=lr)
        
        # Create DataLoader for batches
        dataset = TensorDataset(X_train, y_train)
        dataloader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)

        for epoch in range(epochs):
            for batch_X, batch_y in dataloader:
                optimizer.zero_grad()
                outputs = self(batch_X)
                loss = criterion(outputs, batch_y)
                loss.backward()
                optimizer.step()

    def predict(self, X_test):
        with torch.no_grad():
            outputs = self(X_test)
            _, predicted = outputs.max(1)
        return predicted.numpy()
#main.py
from utils import load_data, evaluate_predictions
from model import IrisClassifier as Classifier

def main():
    # Model training and evaluation
"""
inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=140)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
```

---
In the following scenario, the Deepseek-Coder 6.7B model effectively calls a class **IrisClassifier** and its member function from the `model.py` file, and also utilizes functions from the `utils.py` file, to correctly complete the **main** function in`main.py` file for model training and evaluation.

![Completion GIF](pictures/completion_demo.gif)

### 5. Detailed Evaluation Results

The reproducible code for the following evaluation results can be found in the [Evaluation](https://github.com/deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder/tree/main/Evaluation) directory.
#### 1）Multilingual HumanEval Benchmark
![HumanEval](pictures/HumanEval.png)

#### 2）MBPP Benchmark
<img src="pictures/MBPP.png" alt="MBPP" width="40%">

#### 3）DS-1000 Benchmark
![DS-1000](pictures/DS-1000.png)

#### 4）Program-Aid Math Reasoning Benchmark
![Math](pictures/Math.png)


### 6. License
This code repository is licensed under the MIT License. The use of DeepSeek Coder models is subject to the Model License. DeepSeek Coder supports commercial use.

See the [LICENSE-CODE](LICENSE-CODE) and [LICENSE-MODEL](LICENSE-MODEL) for more details.

### 6. Contact

If you have any questions, please raise an issue or contact us at [agi_code@deepseek.com](mailto:agi_code@deepseek.com).

